Diatoms are producers. They are found very near the surface of the sea.

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1 1. A food chain found in the sea is: very small small animals called animals called diatoms copepods krill whales Diatoms are producers. They are found very near the surface of the sea. (i) Where in the sea would you expect to find copepods? Tick the correct box. usually in the top 5 metres of the sea usually below 10 metres usually below 50 metres usually below 200 metres (ii) Explain your answer Maximum 2 marks 2. Moles live in underground tunnels which they dig themselves. They are good at digging, and they eat earthworms and other small animals. Shire Oak School 1

2 (a) Look at the drawing of a mole. Describe one way the mole is adapted for moving through the soil (b) (i) Complete the sentence below. Moles use their sense of smell to help them to... (ii) Suggest why animals which live underground do not need to have good eyesight. Maximum 3 marks 3. A pupil studied the organisms in a pond. From her observations she drew this simple food web. perch small fish water boatmen water fleas tadpoles microscopic plants (a) Use only the information in the food web to answer the following. (i) Write down one food chain from this food web. There should be four organisms in the food chain (ii) Write down the producer in the food web.. Shire Oak School 2

3 (b) Disease suddenly kills all the small fish. Complete the sentence to explain what is likely to happen to the number of water boatmen. The number of water boatmen is likely to... because marks Maximum 4 marks 4. The drawing shows a bird called a curlew. It feeds on small animals which live in mud by the sea. It lays spotted eggs in a nest on the ground. Shire Oak School 3

4 Draw a line from each fact about the curlew to the way it helps the curlew to survive. fact about the curlew the way it helps the curlew to survive Its eggs are spotted. This helps the curlew to walk in shallow water. Its beak is long and pointed. This stops seagulls finding them. Its legs are long. This stops the curlew sinking into the mud. Its feet are wide. This helps the curlew get animals out of the mud. 4 marks 5. The list in the box shows four ways to sort animals into two groups. 1. They have wings. or They do not have wings. 2. They have a backbone. or They do not have a backbone. 3. They feed their young on milk. or They do not feed their young on milk. 4. They have webbed feet. or They do not have webbed feet. Kate, Tom, Dylan and Rania sorted some animals into groups. (a) Here are Kate s two groups. How did Kate sort the animals into groups? Give the number from the four ways in the box.... Shire Oak School 4

5 (b) Here are Tom s two groups. How did Tom sort the animals into groups? Give the number from the box.... (c) Here are Dylan s two groups. How did Dylan sort the animals into groups? Give the number from the box.... Shire Oak School 5

6 (d) Here are Rania s two groups. How did Rania sort the animals into groups? Give the number from the box.... Maximum 4 marks 6. (a) When fertilisation takes place, the nucleus of a sperm joins with the nucleus of an ovum (egg). In which part of the reproductive system does fertilisation normally take place in humans? Tick the correct box. cervix ovary oviduct uterus Shire Oak School 6

7 (b) The table below gives information about fertilisation in three animals. animal Does fertilisation take place inside or outside the body? Number of eggs released at a time human inside 1 bird inside 4 frog outside 3000 Frogs release their eggs and sperm into water. The eggs are fertilised in the water. Why is it an advantage for frogs to release large numbers of eggs and sperm? (c) The diagram shows a section through a fertilised egg of a bird. (i) The shell of a bird s egg is porous. This means it has microscopic holes in it. Why does it need to be porous? (ii) Give one other function of the egg shell. Shire Oak School 7

8 (d) A bird s egg contains yolk which is a food store for the developing chick. A human egg does not contain yolk. Why does a human egg not need to contain a food store for the embryo? maximum 5 marks 7. (a) The animals drawn below all have backbones. not to scale (i) What word describes animals with a backbone?... (ii) There are five groups of animals with a backbone. Only four groups are shown above Give the name of the missing group... Shire Oak School 8

9 (b) The drawing below shows the human backbone. It is made up of a number of small bones. Why is it an advantage that the backbone is made up of small bones rather than one long bone? (c) The drawing below shows two small bones from the backbone. Between the small bones there is a material called cartilage. Cartilage is softer than bone. Give one advantage of having a softer material between the bones Shire Oak School 9

10 (d) The diagram below shows the bones and two muscles of an arm. The biceps and triceps are muscles which raise and lower the forearm. What happens to the biceps and triceps to raise the forearm? the biceps... the triceps... maximum 5 marks 8. The drawing shows a food chain including plants called tree ferns, and two dinosaurs. They lived on Earth millions of years ago. (a) The list below shows words which describe living things in a food chain. herbivore predator prey producer (i) Which word in the list above describes the tree fern?... Shire Oak School 10

11 (ii) From the list above, give one word that can describe Tyrannosaurus rex.... (iii) From the list above, give one word that can describe Triceratops.... (b) Some scientists think that a large rock from space hit the Earth about 65 million years ago. A thick layer of dust stayed in the air for a long time and blocked out the sunlight. This would cause a decrease in the number of tree ferns. Give one way the decrease in tree ferns would affect the Triceratops (c) Tyrannosaurus rex had thick scales covering its body. Which group did it belong to? Tick the correct box. amphibians reptiles fish mammals Maximum 5 marks 9. The drawings show four different mammals. Shire Oak School 11

12 (a) Look at the mammals shown in the drawings. (i) Write the name of one of these mammals which is adapted for swimming.... (ii) Write the name of one of these mammals which is adapted for living in very cold places.... (iii) Write the name of one of these mammals whose hair is adapted to protect it from predators.... (b) There are many different kinds of mammals. Tick the boxes by three sentences which best describe mammals. Female mammals produce milk to feed their young Mammals eat meat Young mammals develop inside the mother s body Mammals sleep at night Mammals walk on two legs Mammals have hair on their bodies 3 marks Maximum 6 marks 10. The drawing shows a fish called a cod. (a) (i) Name one part of the fish which it uses to move through the water. Shire Oak School 12

13 (ii) The fish has gills. What are the gills for? (iii) Look at the shape of the fish. How does the shape help the fish to move easily through the water? The pie chart shows the food eaten by a cod. key: crabs and prawns shellfish worms small fish (b) What is the main food eaten by a cod?... (c) A food chain which ends with cod is: tiny plant tiny animal small fish cod Which is the producer in this food chain?... Shire Oak School 13

14 (d) A cod eats other animals which live in the sea. What is the name for an animal which catches and eats other animals? Tick the correct box. herbivore predator prey producer Maximum 6 marks 11. The drawing shows some of the animals which live at the bottom of the North Sea. prawn starfish hunting for clams tube worms clam feeding on plant remains in the sediment sediment containing the remains of plants not to scale WWF - UK Data Support For Education Service (a) Suggest two advantages clams get from living in the sediment marks Shire Oak School 14

15 (b) Part of a food web in the North Sea is shown below. Herring, sandeels and cod are types of fish. Puffins are sea birds. cod puffins herring sandeels tiny 'animals' tiny 'plants' Herring lay eggs in the gravel on the seabed. Sandeels live where the seabed is covered with sand. Millions of cubic metres of gravel and sand are removed from the bottom of the North Sea every year for roads and buildings. (i) Give one way removing some of the sand and gravel might cause the numbers of herring and cod to decrease. herring cod Shire Oak School 15

16 (ii) Explain why removing some of the sand has led to a decrease in the number of puffins marks Maximum 6 marks 12. The drawing below shows part of a farmland food web. (a) (i) Which living thing in the web is an insect? not to scale... Shire Oak School 16

17 (ii) Farmers spray their plants with insecticide to kill insects. Suggest how insecticide on the plants gets into the insects. (b) From the food web above, give the names of one predator and its prey. predator... prey of this predator... (c) Why are the plants in the food web called producers? Tick the correct box. They loose their leaves in the autumn. They have very long roots. They make food by photosynthesis. They have very small flowers. (d) The drawing below shows how partridges sit close together and all face outwards. Give one reason why sitting close together like this helps the partridges to survive Shire Oak School 17

18 (e) Partridges lay their eggs in nests on the ground. (i) The eggs are the same colour as the ground. Why can this help partridges to survive? (ii) Why could laying eggs on the ground result in fewer partridge chicks? maximum 7 marks 13. Head lice are insects which cling onto a person s hair. (a) The drawing below shows a head louse. eye antenna claw abdomen 20 actual size Which part, labelled on the drawing, does the head louse use to cling onto a hair?. Shire Oak School 18

19 (b) Head lice lay eggs and stick them to hairs. Each egg has an egg case around it. human hair human hair case with head louse egg inside empty egg case 20 actual size (i) Why must the egg cases be stuck firmly to the hairs? (ii) Special shampoos kill head lice after they hatch out. Why is it difficult to kill head lice before they hatch out? (c) Cat fleas are insects that live on the skin of a cat and suck the cat s blood. The drawing below shows a cat flea. antenna 20 actual size Shire Oak School 19

20 Draw a line from each fact about the cat flea to the way it helps the flea to survive. Draw only three lines. fact about the cat flea way it helps the flea to survive so that it can suck a cat s blood It has long legs. so that it can jump from one cat to another It has a narrow body. so that it can move easily through a cat s fur It has a pointed mouth. so that it can keep warm 3 marks (d) Many insects have parts of the body which cat fleas do not have. What are these parts called? Maximum 7 marks 14. The drawing shows a water lily and some waterweed growing in a pond. water lily flower floating leaf surface of pond stalk roots X waterweed Y Shire Oak School 20

21 (a) Waterweed grows well at Y but not at X. Why is this? Tick the correct box. There is not enough food at X. There is not enough light at X. There is not enough oxygen at X. There is not enough water at X. (b) Which named part of the water lily produces seeds?... (c) The drawing shows part of a food web in a pond. Use the information in the drawing to answer the questions. Shire Oak School 21

22 (i) Write three names from the food web to make a food chain which ends with pike pike (ii) Write the name of one predator in the food web and the name of one of its prey. Predator:... Prey:... 2 marks (d) Fish have gills and fins. How do these help the fish to live in water? Gills are for Fins are for marks Maximum 7 marks Shire Oak School 22