7.7.1 Species. 110 minutes. 164 marks. Page 1 of 47

Transcription

1 7.7.1 Species 110 minutes 164 marks Page 1 of 47

2 Q1. Ospreys can live in places where the weather is sometimes cold. (a) Explain how an osprey s feathers insulate it in cold weather. Ospreys hunt for fish by flying about 10 metres above the water. When they see a suitable fish, they dive swiftly on their prey. This is shown in the diagram below. (b) (i) What is the advantage of hunting for fish from such a height?.. Page 2 of 47

3 (ii) Look at the diagrams above. Suggest three different features of ospreys which enable them to be successful at catching fish marks Maximum 5 marks Q2. The drawings show five different lichens which grow on rocks or trees. Identify lichens A, C and D using the key below. 1. The lichens grow on tree bark... Go to 2 The lichens grow on rocks... Go to 4 2. They grow flat against the surface... Parmelia subrudecta They have branches which grow away from the surface... Go to 3 3. They have long dangling branches... Usnea They have short branches... Evernia 4. They are bright orange... Xanthoria They are pale grey-green... Parmelia saxatilis The name of Lichen A is... The name of Lichen C is... The name of Lichen D is... Maximum 3 marks Page 3 of 47

4 Q3. The drawings show four different mammals. (a) Look at the mammals shown in the drawings. (i) Write the name of one of these mammals which is adapted for swimming.... (ii) Write the name of one of these mammals which is adapted for living in very cold places.... (iii) Write the name of one of these mammals whose hair is adapted to protect it from predators.... (b) There are many different kinds of mammals. Tick the boxes by three sentences which best describe mammals. Female mammals produce milk to feed their young Mammals eat meat Young mammals develop inside the mother s body Mammals sleep at night Mammals walk on two legs Mammals have hair on their bodies 3 marks Maximum 6 marks Page 4 of 47

5 Q4. The drawing shows a water lily and some waterweed growing in a pond. (a) Waterweed grows well at Y but not at X. Why is this? Tick the correct box. There is not enough food at X. There is not enough light at X. There is not enough oxygen at X. There is not enough water at X. (b) Which named part of the water lily produces seeds?... Page 5 of 47

6 (c) The drawing shows part of a food web in a pond. Use the information in the drawing to answer the questions. (i) Write three names from the food web to make a food chain which ends with pike pike (ii) Write the name of one predator in the food web and the name of one of its prey. Predator:... Prey:... 2 marks (d) Fish have gills and fins. How do these help the fish to live in water? Gills are for... Fins are for... 2 marks Maximum 7 marks Page 6 of 47

7 Q5. The chart shows a way to group living things. To which group, A, B, C or D, do the following living things belong? Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all. earthworm... rabbit... rose bush... human... 4 marks Q6. The drawing shows a fish called a cod. (a) (i) Name one part of the fish which it uses to move through the water. (ii) The fish has gills. What are the gills for? Page 7 of 47

8 (iii) Look at the shape of the fish. How does the shape help the fish to move easily through the water? The pie chart shows the food eaten by a cod. (b) What is the main food eaten by a cod?... (c) A food chain which ends with cod is: tiny plant tiny animal small fish cod Which is the producer in this food chain? (d) A cod eats other animals which live in the sea. What is the name for an animal which catches and eats other animals? Tick the correct box. herbivore predator prey producer Maximum 6 marks Page 8 of 47

9 Q7. The drawing shows a bird called a curlew. It feeds on small animals which live in mud by the sea. It lays spotted eggs in a nest on the ground. Draw a line from each fact about the curlew to the way it helps the curlew to survive. fact about the curlew the way it helps the curlew to survive Its eggs are spotted. This helps the curlew to walk in shallow water. Its beak is long and pointed. This stops seagulls finding them. Its legs are long. This stops the curlew sinking into the mud. Its feet are wide. This helps the curlew get animals out of the mud. 4 marks Page 9 of 47

10 Q8. Many snakes live in hot, dry places where the daytime temperature is above 40 C. When it is very hot, snakes stay in holes in the ground or under rocks. (a) Suggest two ways in which staying in a hole in the ground can help a snake to survive marks (b) A python is a snake which kills its prey by wrapping its body tightly around the prey and squeezing it. Suggest two ways in which this can kill the prey marks Maximum 4 marks Q9. The five main groups of vertebrate animals are: fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals (a) Which sentence is true? Tick the correct box. All vertebrates breathe with lungs. All vertebrates have a backbone. All vertebrates have four legs. All vertebrates live on land. Page 10 of 47

11 (b) Megatherium was a large mammal. It is now extinct. The drawing shows what scientists think Megatherium looked like. (i) How can you tell, from the drawing, that Megatherium was a mammal? (ii) Give one other way that mammals are different from other vertebrate animals. (c) The drawing below shows a frog. (i) To which group of vertebrates does the frog belong? (ii) Give one way the frog is adapted for jumping. Page 11 of 47

12 (iii) Give one way the frog is adapted for moving about in water. (d) The drawing below shows some frog s eggs. The female frog lays her eggs in water. Give one reason why the eggs must be laid in water. Maximum 7 marks ## Water is absorbed by the roots of a plant. It moves from cell to cell through the root and is transported throughout the plant. (a) What name is given to the process by which water moves from cell to cell through the root? (b) Some of the water taken in through the roots is used up in chemical reactions in the plant. Some of it stays in the plant. What happens to the rest of the water which is taken in? Page 12 of 47

13 (c) The photograph below shows a cross-section of a leaf of marram grass. (Photograph courtesy of CCTR, University of York) Marram grass grows on sand dunes. It is adapted for living in dry places. The leaves are long, and are rolled along their length. Suggest two ways in which rolling of the leaf helps the marram grass to survive in a dry environment marks Maximum 4 marks Page 13 of 47

14 Q11. The drawings show four birds. The boxes contain information about the birds. Draw a line from each box to the correct bird. not to scale 4 marks Page 14 of 47

15 ## Moles live in underground tunnels which they dig themselves. They are good at digging, and they eat earthworms and other small animals. (a) Look at the drawing of a mole. Describe one way the mole is adapted for moving through the soil. (b) (i) Complete the sentence below. Moles use their sense of smell to help them to... (ii) Suggest why animals which live underground do not need to have good eyesight. Maximum 3 marks Q13. The list in the box shows four ways to sort animals into two groups. 1. They have wings. or They do not have wings. 2. They have a backbone. or They do not have a backbone. 3. They feed their young on milk. or They do not feed their young on milk. 4. They have webbed feet. or They do not have webbed feet. Page 15 of 47

16 Kate, Tom, Dylan and Rania sorted some animals into groups. (a) Here are Kate s two groups. How did Kate sort the animals into groups? Give the number from the four ways in the box.... (b) Here are Tom s two groups. How did Tom sort the animals into groups? Give the number from the box.... (c) Here are Dylan s two groups. How did Dylan sort the animals into groups? Give the number from the box.... Page 16 of 47

17 (d) Here are Rania s two groups. How did Rania sort the animals into groups? Give the number from the box.... Maximum 4 marks Q14. (a) The drawing below shows a fish. Page 17 of 47

18 Four parts of a fish are written in the list below. Draw a line from each part to the way it helps a fish to live in water. Draw only four lines. part of a fish how the part helps a fish to live in water tail gills scales fins absorbs oxygen from the water helps the fish to detect its food protects the body of the fish pushes the fish forward stops the fish rolling over 4 marks (b) The drawing below shows a seal Seals are mammals. They can swim under water but they have to come to the surface to get oxygen from the air. Page 18 of 47

19 (i) Why can seals only get oxygen from the air?... (ii) Give one way that a seal is adapted for swimming.... Maximum 6 marks Q15. The diagram shows an oak tree. (a) An oak tree takes in water and oxygen from the soil. Name one other type of substance an oak tree needs to take in from the soil. (b) The roots of an oak tree are long and split into many smaller roots. How does this help the tree to absorb water? (c) By the time winter comes, the oak tree has lost its leaves. Explain why this stops the growth of an oak tree. Page 19 of 47

20 (d) The drawing shows a caterpillar of a moth called the Oak Beauty. These caterpillars feed on oak leaves and woodland birds eat them. Describe how the appearance of the caterpillar can help it to survive. 2 marks Maximum 5 marks Page 20 of 47

21 Q16. The drawing shows eight living things. Eight living things are drawn. Give the letters of: (a) (b) (c) one living thing which uses gills to take in oxygen; one living thing which produces seeds; one living thing which uses lungs to breathe; Page 21 of 47

22 (d) two living things which lay eggs in water;... and... 2 marks (e) two living things which are covered in scales.... and... 2 marks Maximum 7 marks Q17. Bats hibernate during the winter. While they are hibernating, their hearts beat more slowly and they go into a deep sleep. (a) (b) (c) Towards the end of the summer, bats build up a store of fat in a layer beneath the skin. Give one reason why fat is a useful storage substance. While bats are hibernating their body temperature falls. What is the advantage of having a low body temperature during the winter?.. Suggest one disadvantage of hibernating... Page 22 of 47

23 (d) Sometimes bats wake up too early from hibernation. These bats are unlikely to survive the cold weather. Give one reason for their low survival rate as a result of waking too early... Maximum 4 marks ## The drawing shows some of the animals which live at the bottom of the North Sea. not to scale WWF - UK Data Support For Education Service (a) Suggest two advantages clams get from living in the sediment marks Page 23 of 47

24 (b) Part of a food web in the North Sea is shown below. Herring, sandeels and cod are types of fish. Puffins are sea birds. Herring lay eggs in the gravel on the seabed. Sandeels live where the seabed is covered with sand. Millions of cubic metres of gravel and sand are removed from the bottom of the North Sea every year for roads and buildings. (i) Give one way removing some of the sand and gravel might cause the numbers of herring and cod to decrease. herring cod (ii) Explain why removing some of the sand has led to a decrease in the number of puffins marks Maximum 6 marks Page 24 of 47

25 Q19. A vet measured the body temperatures of a cat and a lizard at different room temperatures. She drew two graphs from her results. (a) The temperature of the room rises. What happens to the body temperatures of the lizard and the cat? (i) lizard (ii) cat (b) Each of the drawings below shows an animal from a different group. Page 25 of 47

26 (i) The cat s fur traps warm air next to its body. In the drawings above, which other animal can trap warm air next to its body? (ii) The cat is a mammal. Its body is covered with fur. Give one other fact about cats which shows they are mammals. (c) The five groups of vertebrates are: fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals (i) Which two groups have bodies covered with scales? marks (ii) Which two groups lay eggs in water? marks Maximum 8 marks Page 26 of 47

27 Q20. Head lice are insects which cling onto a person s hair. (a) The drawing below shows a head louse. 20 actual size Which part, labelled on the drawing, does the head louse use to cling onto a hair? (b) Head lice lay eggs and stick them to hairs. Each egg has an egg case around it. human hair case with head louse egg inside human hair empty egg case 20 actual size (i) Why must the egg cases be stuck firmly to the hairs? (ii) Special shampoos kill head lice after they hatch out. Why is it difficult to kill head lice before they hatch out? Page 27 of 47

28 (c) Cat fleas are insects that live on the skin of a cat and suck the cat s blood. The drawing below shows a cat flea. 20 actual size Draw a line from each fact about the cat flea to the way it helps the flea to survive. Draw only three lines. fact about the cat flea way it helps the flea to survive so that it can suck a cat s blood It has long legs. so that it can jump from one cat to another It has a narrow body. so that it can move easily through a cat s fur It has a pointed mouth. so that it can keep warm 3 marks (d) Many insects have parts of the body which cat fleas do not have. What are these parts called? Maximum 7 marks Page 28 of 47

29 Q21. The drawings show a human, a chaffinch, a dog and a whale. not to scale One of these animals is a bird. The other three are mammals. (a) Which group do all four animals belong to?... (b) The drawings below show the bones of the front limbs of the four animals. Some of the bones of the human limb are labelled. not to scale On the drawings, label: (i) (ii) (iii) the ulna of the chaffinch; the radius of the dog; the humerus of the whale. Page 29 of 47

30 (c) Describe how the shape of the front limb of the whale is adapted for moving in water (d) The bones of birds are hollow. How does this help birds to fly? Maximum 6 marks Q22. (a) The photograph below shows a team of dogs called huskies pulling a sledge across the ice. Huskies need to survive in a cold climate. They must be able to pull a heavy sledge for a long time each day. Which two features would a dog breeder look for when choosing huskies to breed from? Choose from the list of features below and give the reason for each choice. blue eyes fierce nature long tail thick fur short legs strong muscles 1. feature... reason Page 30 of 47

31 2. feature... reason (b) The drawings below show three dogs. They all look different. (i) Which word describes the differences between these dogs? Tick the correct box. adaptation reproduction vaccination variation (ii) The drawing below shows a puppy. Dog C is the puppy's mother. Why does the puppy look like his mother? Tick the correct box. Information passed from the mother in an egg. Information passed from the mother in a sperm. Information passed from the mother in milk. Information passed from the mother in blood. Maximum 6 marks Page 31 of 47

32 Q23. (a) When fertilisation takes place, the nucleus of a sperm joins with the nucleus of an ovum (egg). In which part of the reproductive system does fertilisation normally take place in humans? Tick the correct box. cervix ovary oviduct uterus (b) The table below gives information about fertilisation in three animals. animal Does fertilisation take place inside or outside the body? Number of eggs released at a time human inside 1 bird inside 4 frog outside 3000 Frogs release their eggs and sperm into water. The eggs are fertilised in the water. Why is it an advantage for frogs to release large numbers of eggs and sperm? (c) The diagram shows a section through a fertilised egg of a bird. Page 32 of 47

33 (i) The shell of a bird s egg is porous. This means it has microscopic holes in it. Why does it need to be porous? (ii) Give one other function of the egg shell. (d) A bird s egg contains yolk which is a food store for the developing chick. A human egg does not contain yolk. Why does a human egg not need to contain a food store for the embryo? maximum 5 marks Page 33 of 47

34 Q24. Some pupils visited a deer park. A poster showed different types of deer. Red deer adult male adult female young Fallow deer Roe deer (a) Emily said, I saw a male deer. Look at the drawings in the poster. How would Emily know that the deer was male? Page 34 of 47

35 (b) Jimmy made some notes about a young deer. Give one reason why he cannot identify the type of young deer from his notes. (c) Dan drew one of the deer. He said it was an adult male red deer. Give two pieces of evidence from his drawing which suggest that he got the name wrong (d) Michael saw a deer like this. Page 35 of 47

36 What two pieces of evidence show it was not one of the deer on the poster? maximum 6 marks Q25. Copper and arsenic are present in the soil near copper mines. When earthworms eat this soil they change from brown to bright yellow. The copper and arsenic are not poisonous to earthworms. (a) Earthworms are part of the food chain shown below. not to scale (i) Use the food chain to suggest how copper and arsenic get into the body of a sparrowhawk. (ii) Mary suggested that blackbirds are more likely to catch bright yellow earthworms than brown earthworms. Give one reason why this might be true. (b) Mary wanted to count the bright yellow earthworms and the brown earthworms in the soil at different distances from the mines. What important information about the soil could she get from her results? Page 36 of 47

37 (c) The drawings below show an earthworm and three other worms. not to scale The ragworm belongs to the same group as the earthworm. How can you tell this from the drawings? (d) The roundworm and some flatworms are parasites. What does this mean? Tick the correct box. They feed only on insects. They live in a burrow. They feed on other living things and harm them. They live in the sea. maximum 5 marks Page 37 of 47

38 Q26. The drawings show six living things. They spend all or part of the time in water. not to scale Look at the drawings. (a) (i) Give the letter of one living thing that uses gills to take in oxygen.... (ii) Give the letter of one living thing that is covered in scales.... (b) Use a word from the list below to fill the gap in the sentence. lungs legs eyes backbones The trout, duck, crocodile, water vole and frog are all called vertebrates because they have... (c) The trout spends all of its time in water. Give one way the trout is suited for moving in water. Page 38 of 47

39 (d) Draw a line from each animal below to the group it belongs to. Draw only three lines. 2 marks maximum 6 marks Q27. The drawing below shows a barn owl. Barn owls hunt for small animals such as mice. Page 39 of 47

40 (a) (i) Look at the drawing of the barn owl. Give two ways the barn owl is suited for catching small animals (ii) Draw a line from each animal below to the word that describes it. Draw only two lines. 4 marks (b) The photograph below shows two young barn owls. They are covered with soft feathers. Why do the young barn owls need feathers? Page 40 of 47

41 (c) Barn owls build nests in farm buildings. Mice eat wheat seeds. (i) Many old farm buildings have been knocked down so that houses can be built on the farmland. Give one reason why this has caused the number of barn owls to decrease (ii) Suggest one reason why farmers like to have barn owls on their farms marks maximum 7 marks Q28. The picture below shows a mammal called an otter. (a) Give one feature that only mammals have... (b) Otters live by rivers. Give one way the otter is suited for swimming. Use the picture above to help you... (c) Otter cubs are born in a burrow under the ground. Page 41 of 47

42 (i) How does this help the otter cubs survive?.... (ii) Why must the burrow be above the level of the water in the river?.... (d) Otters catch fish and birds for food. Which word below describes an otter? Tick the correct box. herbivore predator prey producer (e) The information below describes what some animals eat. Insects eat plants. Birds and fish eat insects. Otters eat fish and birds. Complete the food web using this information. One box has been done for you. 2 marks Page 42 of 47

43 (f) In the 1960s, the number of otters in England decreased. To increase otter numbers, scientists released otters in pairs (one male and one female). Why were the otters released in pairs?.... maximum 8 marks Q29. The drawing below shows the remains of an animal found in a rock. (a) Some scientists think the animal in the drawing above was a bird. (i) Give one feature of the animal above that suggests it was a bird... Page 43 of 47

44 Other scientists think the animal was a reptile. (ii) What are reptile skins covered with?... (b) The animal lived millions of years ago. Scientists used the remains to draw what they think the animal looked like when it was alive. Why can scientists not be certain that the animal looked like the drawing above?.... (c) Give the name for the remains of living things found in rocks.... (d) Igneous rocks can be formed from lava from volcanoes. The remains of living things are not found in rocks made from lava. Why does lava destroy the remains of living things?.. maximum 5 marks Page 44 of 47

45 Q30. The drawings below show a snail and a slug. snail slug (a) Look at the drawings above. (i) Give one way the snail and slug are different from each other... (ii) Give one way the snail and slug are the same... (b) Snails produce mucus to help them move along the ground. How does mucus help snails to move? Tick the correct box. Mucus is cold. Mucus reduces friction. Mucus increases weight. Mucus leaves a trail. (c) Snails are herbivores. Thrushes and blackbirds eat snails. Complete the food web below to show the relationship between plants, snails, thrushes and blackbirds. Draw arrows on the diagram. 2 marks Page 45 of 47

46 (d) Snails that live in woodland areas are usually brown or red. Suggest how the colour of snails in woodland areas protects them from birds... maximum 6 marks Page 46 of 47

47 Page 47 of 47