Effects of habitat and spring fishing on nesting largemouth and smallmouth bass. Dr. Mary Tate Bremigan

Transcription

1 Effects of habitat and spring fishing on nesting largemouth and smallmouth bass Dr. Mary Tate Bremigan Collaborators: Dr. Kim Scribner, Dr. Jan Michael Hessenauer, Hiedi Ziegenmeyer, Jason Smith, Darrin McCullough

2 Introduction Ecological, Social, and Economic Importance of Bass media cacheak0.pinimg.com/736x/ab/3d/dc/ab3ddc9ac30b7b95c b bbf

3 Introduction Ecological, Social, and Economic Importance of Bass p content/uploads/2015/06/david Gross 5 300x1691.jpg 8 bass pro shops the striketournament edition/images/ b.examiner.com/sites/default/files/styles/image_cont ent_width/hash/ff/30/ff cb fdde511 8e2667.jpg?itok=zlVhEPLb

4 How do we manage for sustainable bass populations?

5 Introduction The abundance of large, adult fish is often set early in life. Hence, we often emphasize the early life history of fish, and reproductive dynamics of fish populations. How Many Survive each life stage?

6 Introduction The abundance of large, adult fish is often set early in life. Hence, we often emphasize the early life history of fish, and reproductive dynamics of fish populations. Which ones are the survivors?

7 Nesting Male Eggs Fry Larvae Summer Age 0 (YOY)

8 Questions From eggs through their first summer of life. How many bass survive? Which ones survive? What s the importance of: nest and shoreline habitat nesting male behavior angling during nesting Nesting Male

9 Introduction Our study systems.

10 Introduction Warner Lake Lake Chemung

11 Introduction From eggs through their first summer of life. How many bass survive? Which ones survive? What s the importance of: nest and shoreline habitat nesting male behavior angling during nesting

12 Asking How Many? Life Stage Methods How Many P1 Adults Nests: eggs/larvae Successful Nests: fry Summer/Fall Age 0 Spring 1+

13 Asking How Many? Life Stage Methods How Many P1 Adults Nests: eggs/larvae Successful Nests: fry Summer/Fall Age 0 Spring 1+ No Data

14 Asking How Many? Life Stage Methods How Many P1 Adults Electrofishing Mark/ReCap Nests: eggs/larvae Successful Nests: fry Summer/Fall Age 0 Spring 1+ No Data

15 How Many Adults? Late September.with Fisheries Division, MDNR Mark Recapture Population Estimates

16 How Many Adults? Adult Bass Abundance (> 9 Inches) Chemung Woodland North Warner

17 Asking How Many? Life Stage Methods How Many P1 Adults Electrofishing Mark/ReCap Nests: eggs/larvae Successful Nests: fry Summer/Fall Age 0 Spring 1+ ~ males >9 No Data

18 Asking How Many? Life Stage Methods How Many P1 Adults Electrofishing Mark/ReCap Nests: eggs/larvae Successful Nests: fry Summer/Fall Age 0 Spring 1+ Snorkel Surveys ~ males >9 No Data

19 How Many Nests? Snorkel Surveys: 2x/week in May June ID and GPS per nest Note stage of offspring

20 How Many Nests? Guarding Male Eggs

21 How Many Nests? Larvae

22 How Many Nests? Lake Chemung Nests 2009

23 How Many Nests? Snorkel Survey Results

24 Asking How Many? Life Stage Methods How Many P1 Adults Electrofishing Mark/ReCap Nests: eggs/larvae Successful Nests: fry Summer/Fall Age 0 Spring 1+ ~ males >9 Snorkel Surveys nests seen per lake No Data

25 Asking How Many? Life Stage Methods How Many P1 Adults Electrofishing Mark/ReCap Nests: eggs/larvae Successful Nests: fry Summer/Fall Age 0 Spring 1+ ~ males >9 Snorkel Surveys nests seen per lake Snorkel Surveys No Data

26 Bass Size How Many Sucessful Nests? Snorkel Surveys: returned to each nest site until: Upfry observed Behavior (successful nest) 3 visits w/no offspring seen (failed nest)

27 How Many Successful Nests? Snorkel Survey Results

28 How Many Successful Nests? 14 Day Nest Survival Probability 14 Day Nest Survival Probability Warner Lake North LakeLake Chemung Darrin M c Cullough, Undergraduate Research

29 Asking How Many? Life Stage Methods How Many P1 Adults Electrofishing Mark/ReCap Nests: eggs/larvae Successful Nests: fry Summer/Fall Age 0 Spring 1+ ~ males >9 Snorkel Surveys nests seen per lake How many fry are in a successful Snorkel Surveys nest s fry Nest ball? survival ranged ~5 >50% No Data

30 Asking How Many? Sampling bass fry balls

31 Asking How Methods Many? Sampling bass fry balls Fry counts per nest group ranged ~250 4,000 fry. Goal: predict fry ball abundance by estimating individual fry size and relative size of the fry ball.

32 Asking How Many? Life Stage Methods How Many P1 Adults Electrofishing Mark/ReCap Nests: eggs/larvae Successful Nests: fry Summer/Fall Age 0 Spring 1+ ~ males >9 Snorkel Surveys nests seen per lake Snorkel Surveys Nest survival ranged ~5 >50% Mini fykes, Seine, Electrofishing No Data

33 Asking How Many? Life Stage Methods How Many P1 Adults Electrofishing Mark/ReCap Nests: eggs/larvae Successful Nests: fry Summer/Fall Age 0 Spring 1+ ~ males >9 Snorkel Surveys nests seen per lake Snorkel Surveys Nest survival ranged ~5 >50% Mini fykes, Seine, Electrofishing Stay tuned! No Data

34 Questions From eggs through their first summer of life. How many bass survive? Which ones survive? What s the importance of: nest and shoreline habitat nesting male behavior angling during nesting

35 Double checking How Many Nests AND Asking Which Nests Contribute? A Extract DNA PCR D C B Electrophoresis

36 Asking Which Nests Contribute? Sample Pedigree Female Female Guarding Male Female This analysis allowed us to link late summer age 0 survivors to their nest of origin. YOY 1 YOY 2 Egg 1Egg 2 Egg 3Egg 4 Egg 5 Egg 6 Egg 7 Egg 8

37 Double checking How Many Nests? Life Stage How Many P1 Adults ~700 adult males in Wr 2010 How Many P2 Nests: eggs/larvae Successful Nests: fry 33 observed nests in WR observed nests in WR 2010 Summer/Fall Age 0 Spring 1+

38 Double checking How Many Nests? Observed Fry at Nest? NO YES Summer Age 0 Survivors? NO YES

39 Double checking How Many Nests? Observed Fry at Nest? NO YES Summer Age 0 Survivors? NO YES

40 Double checking How Many Nests? Observed Fry at Nest? NO YES Summer Age 0 Survivors? NO YES

41 Double checking How Many Nests? Observed Fry at Nest? NO YES Summer Age 0 Survivors? NO YES

42 Double checking How Many Nests? Of 33 nests observed, and 98 age 0 fish in Warner Lake, 2010 Observed Fry at Nest? NO YES Summer Age 0 Survivors? YES NO Hessenauer et al. 2014

43 Double checking How Many Nests? Of 33 nests observed, and 98 age 0 fish in Warner Lake, 2010 Observed Fry at Nest? NO YES Summer Age 0 Survivors? YES NO 8 nests Hessenauer et al. 2014

44 Double checking How Many Nests? Of 33 nests observed, and 98 age 0 fish in Warner Lake, 2010 Observed Fry at Nest? NO YES Summer Age 0 Survivors? YES NO 8 nests 9 nests Hessenauer et al. 2014

45 Double checking How Many Nests? Of 33 nests observed, and 98 age 0 fish in Warner Lake, 2010 Observed Fry at Nest? NO YES Summer Age 0 Survivors? YES NO 8 nests 10 nests 9 nests Hessenauer et al. 2014

46 Double checking How Many Nests? Of 33 nests observed, and 98 age 0 fish in Warner Lake, 2010 Observed Fry at Nest? NO YES Summer Age 0 Survivors? YES NO 8 nests 10 nests 6 nests 9 nests Hessenauer et al. 2014

47 Double checking How Many Nests? Of 33 nests observed, and 98 age 0 fish in Warner Lake, 2010 Observed Fry at Nest? NO YES Summer Age 0 Survivors? YES NO 8 nests 10 nests 6 nests 9 nests N=34 age 0 fish Hessenauer et al. 2014

48 Double checking How Many Nests? Of 33 nests observed, and 98 age 0 fish in Warner Lake, 2010 Observed Fry at Nest? NO YES Summer Age 0 Survivors? YES NO 15 nests N=64 age 0 fish 8 nests 10 nests 6 nests 9 nests N=34 age 0 fish Hessenauer et al. 2014

49 Double checking How Many Nests? Life Stage How Many P1 Adults ~700 adult males in Wr 2010 How Many P2 Nests: eggs/larvae Successful Nests: fry 33 observed nests in WR observed nests in WR 2010 Summer/Fall Age 0 Spring 1+

50 Double checking How Many Nests? Life Stage How Many P1 Adults ~700 adult males in Wr 2010 How Many P2 Nests: eggs/larvae Successful Nests: fry Summer/Fall Age 0 Spring observed nests in WR observed nests in WR 2010 Genetics: 30 nests in WR 2010

51 Questions So Far?

52 Introduction From eggs through their first summer of life. How many bass survive? Which ones survive? What s the importance of: nest and shoreline habitat nesting male behavior angling during nesting

53 Asking Which nests contribute? Nest Attributes Methods Habitat Egg abundance Temperature, Nest Site, Shoreline Observations Dad traits Fishing

54 Asking Which nests contribute? Monitored nest habitat features Nest depth Substrate Plant cover Woody material Development type

55 Asking Which nests contribute? Plant Percent Cover (within 1 m 2 ) Nest Depth (m)

56 Asking Which nests contribute? Nest Attributes Methods Habitat Egg abundance Temperature, Nest Site, Shoreline Observations Substantial variation in nest conditions Dad traits Fishing

57 Asking Which nests contribute? Nest Attributes Methods Observations Habitat Egg abundance Dad traits Temperature, Nest Site, Shoreline Photo Estimate Technique, Genetic Pedigrees Substantial variation in nest conditions Fishing

58 Asking Which Nests Contribute? Egg Counts 1,400 13,000 eggs per nest

59 Asking Which Nests Contribute? Sample Pedigree Female Female Guarding Male Female YOY 1 YOY 2 Egg 1Egg 2 Egg 3Egg 4 Egg 5 Egg 6 Egg 7 Egg 8

60 Asking Which Nests Contribute? Pedigree Category # of Nests % of Nests Monogamy 6 19% Polygamy 9 29% Promiscuity 16 52% Guarding Male typically sired 93% of offspring/nest One female typically provided 71% of eggs/nest Jan Michael Hessenauer, MS Thesis, 2011

61 Asking Which nests contribute? Nest Attributes Methods Observations Habitat Egg abundance Dad traits Temperature, Nest Site, Shoreline Photo Estimate Technique, Genetic Pedigrees Substantial variation in nest conditions 1,400 13,000 eggs/nest (SMB&LMB) typ. >2 parents Fishing

62 Asking Which nests contribute? Nest Attributes Methods Observations Habitat Egg abundance Dad traits Fishing Temperature, Nest Site, Shoreline Photo Estimate Technique, Genetic Pedigrees Size Behavior Substantial variation in nest conditions 1,400 13,000 eggs/nest (SMB&LMB) typ. >2 parents

63 Asking Which nests contribute?

64 Asking Which nests contribute? Plant Percent Cover (within 1 m 2 ) Total Antagonistic Behaviors

65 Asking Which nests contribute? Nest Attributes Methods Observations Habitat Egg abundance Dad traits Fishing Temperature, Nest Site, Shoreline Photo Estimate Technique, Genetic Pedigrees Size Behavior Substantial variation in nest conditions 1,400 13,000 eggs/nest (SMB&LMB) typ. >2 parents Many dads were non aggressive

66 Asking Which nests contribute? Nest Attributes Methods Observations Habitat Egg abundance Dad traits Fishing Temperature, Nest Site, Shoreline Photo Estimate Technique, Genetic Pedigrees Size Behavior Monitor Fishing, Experiment Substantial variation in nest conditions 1,400 13,000 eggs/nest (SMB&LMB) typ. >2 parents Many dads were non aggressive

67 Questions From eggs through their first summer of life. How many bass survive? Which ones survive? What s the importance of: nest and shoreline habitat nesting male behavior angling during nesting

68 Asking Which nests contribute? Lowest nest contribution by high macrophyte nests with less aggressive dads Highest nest contribution by low macrophyte nests PRE = 0.40 Jan Michael Hessenauer, MS Thesis, 2011

69 Asking Which nests contribute? Nest Attributes Methods Observations Habitat Egg abundance Dad traits Fishing Temperature, Nest Site, Shoreline Photo Estimate Technique, Genetic Pedigrees Size Behavior Fishing Experiment Substantial variation in nest conditions 1,400 13,000 eggs/nest (SMB&LMB) typ. >2 parents Many dads were non aggressive

70 Asking Which nests contribute? Fishing Experiment Jan Michael Hessenauer, MS Thesis, 2011

71 Asking Which nests contribute? Jan Michael Hessenauer, MS Thesis, 2011

72 Asking Which nests contribute? Fishing Experiment Results Jan Michael Hessenauer, MS Thesis, 2011

73 Asking Which nests contribute? Fishing Experiment Results 3X difference Jan Michael Hessenauer, MS Thesis, 2011

74 Asking Which nests contribute? Nest Attributes Methods Observations Habitat Egg abundance Dad traits Fishing Temperature, Nest Site, Shoreline Photo Estimate Technique, Genetic Pedigrees Size Behavior Fishing Experiment Substantial variation in nest conditions 1,400 13,000 eggs/nest (SMB&LMB) typ. >2 parents Many dads non aggressive Trend: higher contribution by un fished nests.

75 In Summary: How Many? Percent of adult males that build nests: ~10 20% Number of eggs per nest: varies ~10 fold Percent of nests producing fry: ranges 5 50% Number of fry per successful nest: varies >10 fold Contribution of individual nests to summer age 0: varies >10 fold

76 In Summary: Which ones contribute? Development of genetic analysis: Will improve nest observation techniques Allows us to link nest of origin to individual survivors Asking which nests contribute age 0 reveals: Important role of habitat and male behavior Trend toward negative effect of spring fishing

77 Future Directions Simulation modeling: Predict effects of habitat, male behavior, fishing, and summer dynamics on individual nest contribution Ask questions about potential genetic effects of fishing on bass populations Continue to inform Fisheries Division decisions about sport fishing regulations

78 Acknowledgements Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Ball Fellowship Fisheries Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources Center for Water Sciences, Michigan State University