HERBAL ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS: A REVIEW

Transcription

1 171 P a g e Internation Standard Seri Number (ISSN): Internation Journ of Univers Pharmacy and Bio Sciences 4(2): March-April 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL PHARMACY AND BIO SCIENCES IMPACT FACTOR 2.093*** Pharmaceutic Sciences ICV 5.13*** REVIEW ARTICLE!!! HERBAL ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS: A REVIEW Tarun Kumar*, Surendra Kr. Sharma and Munish Ahuja Department of Pharmaceutic Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar (125001), Haryana, India. KEYWORDS: Herbs, Anthelmintic, Helminthiasis. For Correspondence: Tarun Kumar* Address: Department of Pharmaceutic Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar (125001), Haryana, India. ABSTRACT Helminthiasis is the condition resulting from worm infestation, and is one of the major prevent diseases to the people, especily those living in tropic developing countries. Although these infections do not cause significant morbidity and mortity when compared with other parasitic infections, they do cause extensive, but often less measurable effects like anaemia, diarrhoea, eosinophilia, undernourishment and other states of poor heth, particularly in infants and teenager children. There are sever synthetic anthelmintics available at the present time against these parasites, the truth remains that a large proportion of the world s population still does not have access to, or cannot afford to pay for modern medicines, particularly in developing countries. Besides, the constant usage of current anthelmintic drugs is so posing a major problem of drug resistance in sever parasite species. There is an urgent need for newer and low-cost drugs that are able to act for longer periods before resistance sets in. Many herbs and herb derivatives are used to cure severe diseases in tradition medicin system. Thus, plant/herb based drugs are gaining a lot of attention and forming an integr part of the primary heth care system over the world. This paper reviews the present state of knowledge regarding the use of tradition medicin herbs in curing helminthiasis. This information will serve as reference for the benefit of researchers, scientists, pharmacists, students, herbist, veterinarians and public at large.

2 172 P a g e Internation Standard Seri Number (ISSN): INTRODUCTION: Herb drugs have been used for curing diseases for many centuries in different indigenous systems of medicine as well as folk medicines. Moreover, herb drugs are so used in the preparation of herb medicines as they are considered to be safe as compared to modern lopathic medicines. Helminthiasis is the condition resulting from parasitic worm infection, still considered as the major cause of ill heth of number of people throughout the world, especily those living in tropic developing countries with poorer sanitary and heth facilities, because it is mostly caused and spread due to environment contamination and transmission through soil, water, food, dairy and meat products. Although these infections do not cause significant morbidity and mortity when compared with other parasitic infections, they do cause extensive, but often less measurable effects like anemia, diarrhoea, eosinophilia, urinary tract inflammations (UTI), swelling, delay in wound heing, undernourishment and other states of poor heth, particularly in infants and teenager children. Chronic infections in humans may lead to maria, measles, pneumonia and paratyphoid fever, growth retardation, lower productivity and cognitive ability in children leading to increased mortity. According to the World Heth Organization (WHO), largest population infected with helminthes (parasitic worms) is found in the South East Asia and Africa region. The problem associated with parasitic infection is getting worse day by day and approximately 3.5 billion people are infected with different forms of helminthiasis and around 450 million children fl ill due to these infections throughout the world. In case of India condition is more serious; the overl prevence rate ranges from 12.5% to 66%, with varying prevence rates for individu parasites. About 50% of the urban population and 68% of the rur population in India is affected. Though the mortity is considerably low as compared to huge amount of infections, still it causes more than 5,00,000 deaths annuly. There are sever synthetic anthelmintics available at the present time against these parasites. The truth remains that a large proportion of the world s population still does not have access to, or cannot afford to pay for modern medicines, particularly in developing countries. Besides, the constant usage of current anthelmintic drugs is creating the problem of drug resistance, side effects and reinfection after remov of drug therapy. Side effects of synthetic anthelmintics commonly include gastro-intestin disturbances such as nausea and giddiness, while various

3 173 P a g e Internation Standard Seri Number (ISSN): studies and reviews have showed that the resistance to anthelmintics is increasing day by day. Hence, there is an increasing demand towards natur anthelmintics. Many herbs and herb derivatives are used to cure sever diseases in tradition medicin system. Thus, plant/herb based drugs are gaining a lot of attention and forming an integr part of the primary heth care system l over the world. A large number of plants have been reported to possess anthelmintic activity in ancient literature but they are considered as underutilized because of lack of scientific proofs and records. There is an urgent need to develop newer and low-cost drugs which can treat helminthiasis completely with assurance about the safety in a significant manner. In the recent years, the importance of herb drugs in the field of medicine has greatly increased because of their assurance about safety and complete cure. Therefore, the demand for the herb formulation is so increasing accordingly. But the major problem associated with herb drugs is lack of quity control and standardization methods. Nowadays, with the development of different instrument methods of anysis, standardization and quity control of herb drugs has become the center of attraction and interest for number of researchers and organizations working to develop new drugs with sufficient safety profile. Table No 1: List of Herb Anthelmintic Drugs Family Botanic name Common Name Plant Part(s) Chemic constituents References used Alliaceae Tulbaghia violacea Harv. Society garlic Tb Alkoids, Tannins, flavonoids McGaw LJ et Anacardiaceae Rhus lancea L.f. Karee Bk, L Tannins McGaw LJ et Combretaceae Cycopteris floribunda Lam. Ukshi F Flavonoids, Tannins Kshirsagar RD et Cucurbitaceae Curcurbita mexicana Kaddu F Alkoids, flavonoids Iqb Z et Euphorbiaceae Acypha Fructicosa Chinee mara Wp Tannins, flavonoids Gopakrish nan S et Euphorbiaceae Acypha indica L. Kuppikhokli L Alkoids, saponins Ranju G et Fabaceae Acacia Suma Roxb Kadara B Glo-catechin Das GK et Fabaceae Bauhinia purpurea L. Kaniar Wp Leutin Kumar T et Fabaceae Bauhinia racemosa L. Jhinjheri Wp Kaempferol, coumarins, steroids Kumar T et Fabaceae Cassia tora L. Panwar L Alkoids, saponins Deore et

4 174 P a g e Internation Standard Seri Number (ISSN): Lecythidaceae Barringtonia acutangula Gaertn Samudraph L Terpenoids, tannins Padmavathi D et Leguminaceae Caespania pulcherrima L. Barbados pride Fr Di-terpenoids Dhaked PS et Liliaceae Allium sativum L. Lehsan B Flavonoids, Terpenes Iqb Z et Menispermaceae Cissampelos pareira L. Abuta L Alkoids, saponins Shukla P et Ranunculaceae Anemone vitifolia Var Ye mian hua R Glycosides, koids Sati B et Rutaceae Aegle marmelos L. Bael F Tannins Sati B et Rutaceae Citrus acurantium L. Bitter orange Fj Alkoids, steroids Bidkar JS et Simaroubaceae Ailanthus excelsa Roxb Mahanimb Bk Alkoids, flavonoids Kasarwa M et Solanaceae Datura met L. Dhatura S Alkoids Kamaraj C et Solanaceae Withania coagulans Dun. Panirband Ap Phenols, Flavonoids, Tannins Gaind KN et Solanaceae Withania somnifera (L.) Dun. Ashwagandha Ap Alkoids Patidar L et Urticaceae Ficus religiosa L. Pipp B Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids De Amorin A et Verbenaceae Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. Byte phul R Alkoids, Flavonoids, Saponin Siju EN et Zingiberaceae Alpinia lughas (Retx) Deotora F,Rm Flavonoids Tushar et ROS. Zingiberaceae Hedychium coronarium Dolan champa Fr, Rm, St Essenti oil, resin Tushar et Koenig. Zingiberaceae Zingiber zerumbet Rosc. Agu shunti Rm Flavonoids, resin Tushar et EX SM. Zingiberaceae Zingiber officine Ginger Rm Volatile oil, resin Iqb Z et Plant part(s): Rm = rhizome; R = root; Fr = flowers; S = seed; L = leaf; B = bulbs; St = stem; Ap = aeri parts; Bk = bark; F = fruit; Fj = fruit juice and Wp = whole plant. CONCLUSION This tradition knowledge is weth of the mankind and has great vue in the context of today s trade and patents scenario. The present paper gives 28 medicin plants belonging to 17 families were recorded. This may prove to be the base for potenti drugs to provide heth for l in new millennium. Hence the review study is concluded that the herb drug possesses anthelmintic activity. REFERENCES: 1. Bidkar JS, Bhujb MD, Ghanwa DD, Dama GY. Anti-helmintic activity of Citrus aurantium Linn. Internation Journ of Pharmaceutic Research and Development, 2011, 3,

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