COMMUNICATION III Diseases in Dogs: Necropsy Observation

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1 Pertanika (), 5-58 (989) COMMUNICATION III Diseases in Dogs: Necropsy Observation ABSTRAK Kematian anjing disebabkan oleh penyakit atau keadaan tak normal terutamanya dalam sistem pansistemik, diikuti oleh sistem penghadaman dan sistem pemafasan. Dalam kategori pansistemik, kebanyakan kematian disebabkan oleh keracunan dan penyakit distemper. Penyakit utama pada sistem penghadaman adalah ansylostomiasis manakala penyakit utama pada sistem pemafasan adalah bronkopneumonia. ABSTRACT Morbidity in dogs was associated mainly with diseases or abnormalities in the pansystemic y digestive and respiratory systems in that order. In the pansystemic category, poisoning and canine distemper were most common. Ancylostomiasis and bronchopneumonia were the main findings in the digestive and respiratory systems respectively. INTRODUCTION Dogs form a significant proportion of the total number of submitted for necropsy to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM). From June 979 to August 984, dogs made up 5.9% of the total number fo carcasses submitted for necropsy (Chooi 985), Apart from specific case reports, there has been no documentation on diseases of dogs in Malaysia. This paper summarizes the post mortem findings in dogs submitted for necropsy to UPM. Materials and Methods Necropsy records in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UPM over the 5-year period from January 98 to December 98 were analysed for disease conditions in dogs. Cases submitted were either from the small animal clinic in UPM or from private practitioners in Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Java. Most of the were dead animals or animals that were euthanised because of poor prognosis. The majority were pet animals; a few were working dogs. Car were subjected to a routine necropsy. Ancillary studies in histopathology, bacteriology and virology were conducted when necessary. Analysis of the was based on i) disease, or disease condition causing death and ii) the reason for euthanasia. These were then classified according to body systems. Cases whic h were not finalised and with no diagnosis were not included. Results and Discussion Out of 7 submitted for necropsy over the study period, dogs constituted (.9%). Final diagnosis was made on 9 of these. The rest were incomplete. Pansystemic (8.%), digestive (.4%) and respiratory (.%) systems were most commonly the sites of disease (Table ). TABLE Involvement of body systems in dogs examined post mortem at UPM System Pansystemic Digestive Respiratory Musculoskeletal Cardiovascular Renal Nervous Hepatic Reproductive Integumentary Miscellaneous 40 9 " 0 9 <%) (8.) (.4) (.) (9.) (9.) (9.) (5.5) (4.) (.7) (5.5) (00.0)

2 Pansystemic TABLE Disease conditions in the pan systemic, digestive and respiratory systems Digestive Respiratory No of I Paraquat poisoning Canine distemper Starvation Organophosphate poisoning Lymphosarcoma Heat stroke Warfarin poisoning Strychnine poisoning Lead poisoning Septicemia Thrombocytopenic purpura Ehrlichiosis Toxoplasmosis Poisoning (undetermined) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (7.5) (.5) (.5) (.5) (.5) (.5) (.5) (.5) (00.0) Ancylostomiasis Parvovirus enteritis Hemorrhagic enteritis Granulomatous esophagitis Acute pancreatitis Uremic gastritis Ulcerative gastritis 9 Gastric torsion 5 (4.) (0.5) (8.) (5.) (5.) (.8) (.8) (.8) (00.0) Bronchopneumonia Intersitial pneumonia Fibrinous pneumonia Aspiration pneumonia Acute pneumonia Hemorrhagic pneumonia Mucopurulent rhinitis Diaphragmatic hernia Nasal carcinoma Asphyxiation Bronchogenic carcinoma 4 9 (48.0) (7.0) (7.0) (7.0) (0.0) (00.0) Q I H > w > s

3 .. ' ' ; - i t, n : , '. -., ; K. - \ ~ < y. ' :.. * Musculoskeletal TABLE Disease conditions in the musculoskeletal, renal and cardiovascular systems Renal Cardiovascular < % ) PERT g <: o NO.9 oo to Fracture (axial & appendicular) Hip dysplasia Rickets Arthritis Myositis Spinal column luxation Fibrosis of joint Osteosarcoma *;--'Ail-->ty >;/ ' : :: 9 (8.4) (00.0) Nephritis Urolithiasis Leptospirosis Oxalate nephrosis Renal hemorrhage, Membranuos glomerulopathy t * n ~~*' Pyelonephritis '..fifi i ' f ^ har ^ : : : - hfu* :.' * T ' f,.... T : i*.ff< ffr; v*}'-- - I:'.- (.0) (9.0) (9.0) (5-0) (5.-0) (00.0) Dirofilariasis Myocardial degeneration 8c necrosis Congestive heart failure '>.~'*i < : ' '. I ' : :. ( '. j (85.0) (0.0) - - ; '. ;^U i ; - (00.0) :, '... \ i y,. o ; 0 0 : w 0 50 OPSY u ' - f. ; ' - ; ; : *: j. A " J - : ; ; '.- ';>' ; i ' ' * ; - ' «** -.. '-' -y '-.*.«ifdiir.fr/ _' c r x. V'S* * ' >'/: ; e f. :!^.-ir:-v.v*:."-»'.k ' --; :.' -- " -L'?:...; ^ i-o.'xjwsw : i_-;>rjkf;. io<( v.; '. ~ ; i

4 f TABLE 4 Disease conditions in the nervous, hepatic and reproductive systems. Nervous Hepatic Reproductive Meningitis 4 (.4) Storage disease (7.0) Transmissible Spinal dural Necrosis (8.5) venereal tumour ossification Trauma (9.0) Ovarian cyst Degenerative Jaundice (9.0) adenocarcinoma myelopathy (.7) Congestion (9.0) Stillbirth Spinal cord. Hepatitis (8.5) hemorrhage ^^^ ^ (8 )._, Hepatocellular.^^^ Cerebral focal carcinoma (9.0) necrosis (8.) Intervertebral disc prolapse i (8.) J (00.0) (00.0) 8 (80.0) (0.0) (0.0) 0 (00.0) r> a > I : - : ; : \ :. X tn ; ' ; '"' ';. '; ' "..!. C < - ' ^ ^ [ ' ' " - ' * - ' , - ^. ^ ^,,,. j (.._ &' -.,... :,, ', - / < ~ - * f < #. * " < ;, / i \. - r -. / t. v. '., i. > i : t j = i. v - - *.i'>*. ' ; ; t ; -;*'^ ^ n ^ ^ ^ C J C : : ^ :. : - - ' ' I >..? :, : ; M ^ W ;. :, ; *? > T ( r r i. * A > ( ' -. *.

5 DISEASES IN DOGS: NECROPSY OBSERVATION Of the 40 classified under pansystemic, 8(45%) were of poisoning (Table ). Ten of these were due to paraquat; six of which have been described elsewhere (Chooi 8c Ibrahim 985; Chooi et al 98). Canine distemper accounted for 0% (8) of the pansystemic diseases. The low prevalence is probably because most pet dogs and all working dogs are vaccinated against canine distemper which is enzootic in this area. Death occurs mainly in non-vaccinated or improperly vaccinated animals. In the digestive system, ancylostomiasis was most common followed by parvovirus enteritis (Table ). Cases of parvovirus infection have been reported elsewhere (Noor et al. 980;Omar^a/. 980; Sheikh-Omar et al 985). Three of hemorrhagic enteritis not due to parvovirus infection were diagnosed. One of these was due to clostridial infection (Chooi 8c Netto 98) while the cause of the other two was undetermined. Granulomatous esophagitis due to Spirocerca lupi infestation was found in two dogs. Bronchopneumonia accounted for 48% of the in the respiratory system. Bacteria isolated included Staphyloccocus and Klebsiella species. There was a likelihood that these were secondary to viral infections although histological examination of the lung in most failed to reveal inclusion bodies. Fractures of the axial and appendicular skeleton were caused by trauma - usually in road accidents. These animals, and those with hip dysplasia, were usually euthanised because of poor prognosis. Dirofilariasis was the major problem in the cardiovascular system whilst subacute to chronic interstitial nephritis was the main reason for euthanasia or death in the renal system (Table ). In the reproductive system, transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) was the major reason for euthanasia (Table 4). Chooi (985) reported that TVT was the most common tumour type in dogs and 9.7% of in that report involved the penis or vagina. In addition, tumours of the mesenchyme, skin and adnexa were of low prevalence in the present study because these were usually submitted in the form of biopsies, and were not included here. There were four of meningitis in the nervous system. Two of these were suppurative. The first case was an 8-week old, female spitz. The dog was depressed and had nystagmus prior to death. Staphylococcus aureus was recovered from the meninges. The second case of suppurative meningitis was in a -year old male German Shepherd crossed dog. There was obvious inflammation of the meninges with adhesions to the cranium at gross examination. The other two were non-suppurative but further deductions were not possible due to auto lysis of the brain : TABLE 5 Disease conditions in the integumentary system and miscellaneous conditions Integumentary Miscellaneous Mast cell tumour Chronic demodecosis Histiocytoma Dermatitis Squamous cell carcinoma Pediculosis Anaesthetic death Sudden death Abdominal rupture (post laparotomy) Lymphadenopathy Anaemia Otitis externa Acute hemorrhage (post-spay) Bilateral cataract Hyperparathyroidism : PERTANIKA VOL. NO.,

6 K.F. CHOOI, T. PANDIYARAJA AND A.R. SHEIKH-OMAR ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the pathologists whose formed a part of this report and Ms. Low Lai Kim for typing the manuscript. K.F. CHOOI, T. PANDIYARAJA A.R. SHEIKH-OMAR Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, 4400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. CHOOI, K.F., G.K. DHALIWAL and S. SALMIYAH. 98. More Cases of Paraquat Poisoning in Dogs. Kajian Veterinar 8(): 94. CHOOI, KJF. and A. NETTO. 98. A Case of Canine Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis. Kajian Veterinar 8(): NOOR F., A.L. IBRAHIM, S.E. TAN and CM. LAI A Case of Parvovirus Infection in a Dog. Kajian Veterinar (): 9-4. OMAR, A.R, J.Y.S. LEE, and L.T. NO Haemorrhagic Enteritis of Probable Parvovirus Origin in Dogs. Kajian Veterinar ():-. SHEIKH-OMAR, A.R., B.Y. CHENG, A.L. IBRAHIM and K.F. CHOOI Parvovirus Enteritis in Two Dogs. Malays. Appl BioL 4(l):-. REFERENCES CHOOI, R.F Review of Neoplastic Cases of Domestic Mammals Diagnosed at UPM ( ). Kajian Veierinar 7(): 5-4. CHOOI, K.F. and R. IBRAHIM Suspected Paraquat Poisoning in Four Dogs. Kajian Veterinar 7(): (Received 7 December, 987) PERTANIKAVOL. NO., 989