HEMATOPOETIC LAB. Heather Fenton/S. Martinson VPM 222 March, 2013

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1 HEMATOPOETIC LAB Heather Fenton/S. Martinson VPM 222 March, 2013

2 Diffuse Splenomegaly: Bloody vs Meaty Photos: Pathologic basis of veterinary disease Bloody Spleen: Swollen margins Dark red Oozes blood on cut surface Congestion Meaty Spleen: Swollen margins Often dark red Bulge on cut surface (rubbery) Cellular infiltrates

3 Diffuse Splenomegaly Diffuse splenomegaly with a bloody consistency = Bloody Spleens Septicemia Anthrax, Salmonella Acute hemolytic anemia Splenic torsion Barbiturate euthanasia* Diffuse splenomegaly with a firm consistency = Meaty Spleens Septicemia Salmonella Hemolytic disease Lymphoma Mast cell neoplasia Histiocytic sarcoma Granulomatous disease Histoplasmosis Amyloidosis

4 Splenomegaly Bloody Spleen Diffuse splenomegaly with a bloody consistency = Bloody Spleens Septicemia Anthrax, Salmonella Acute hemolytic anemia Bloody spleens are enlarged due to congestion/hyperemia Normal spleen Splenic torsion Barbiturate euthanasia* Swollen margins Dark red Oozes blood on cut surface Fragile capsule Congested spleen Photo: source unknown

5 Splenomegaly Meaty Spleen Diffuse splenomegaly with a firm consistency = Meaty Spleens Septicemia Salmonella Meaty spleens are enlarged due to cellular infiltrates Hemolytic disease Lymphoma Mast cell neoplasia Histiocytic sarcoma Granulomatous disease Histoplasmosis Amyloidosis Swollen margins Firm to rubbery texture Bulges on cut surface

6 Diffuse Splenomegaly: Bloody vs Meaty Bloody or Meaty?

7 Diffuse Splenomegaly: Bloody vs Meaty Bloody or Meaty? Meaty the spleen bulges on cut section with no oozing of blood. This dog had lymphoma with diffuse infiltration of the spleen.

8 Diffuse Splenomegaly: Bloody vs Meaty Normal dog spleen Spleen from a dog with gastric torsion Bloody or Meaty? Photo: source unknown

9 Diffuse Splenomegaly: Bloody vs Meaty Normal dog spleen Spleen from a dog with gastric torsion Photo: source unknown Bloody oozing blood. Spleen often twists along with the stomach leading to splenic congestion

10 Red nodular masses within the spleen Splenic nodules Hematoma Hemangioma Hemangiosarcoma Splenic infarcts Incompletely contracted areas of the spleen Nodular hyperplasia (not always red) Grossly can look very similar, therefore histology is necessary!

11 SPLENIC NODULES WITH A FIRM CONSISTENCY Nodular hyperplasia Primary neoplasia Metastatic neoplasia Abscess Granuloma

12 SPLENIC NODULES WITH A BLOODY/SOFT CONSISTENCY Hematoma Hemangoima Hemangiosarcoma Acute splenic infarct Incomplete contraction

13 Red nodular masses within the spleen Splenic hematoma often very large Hemangiosarcoma single to multiple masses Infarcts often triangular or wedge shaped Nodular hyperplasia variegated appearance on cut surface

14 Mink Description: Spleen B is diffusely, markedly enlarged B A Morph: Marked splenomegaly S. Martinson

15 DIFFERENTIALS FOR SPLENOMEGALY IN A MINK Aleutian mink disease virus(parvovirus) Congestion (e.g. euthanasia with barbiturates) Round cell neoplasia (lymphoma and mastocytosis are common in ferrets) Extramedullary hematopoesis

16 3 YEAR OLD, MALE CASTRATED LABRADOR RETRIEVER Describe the changes: What are some differentials?

17 3 YEAR OLD, MALE CASTRATED LABRADOR RETRIEVER Describe the changes: The spleen is diffusely enlarged, meaty and mottled tan. The dorsal surface appears to be covered in irregular siderotic plaques.

18 3 YEAR OLD, MALE CASTRATED LABRADOR RETRIEVER Differentials: - Siderotic plaques (Gamna gandy bodies) incidental finding - Splenomegaly with a meaty spleen: - Round cell neoplasia (lymphoma, mastocytosis, histiocytic sarcoma) - Nodular hyperplasia - Infection - Hemolytic Disease - Amyloidosis This dog had a leukemia of unknown origin

19 Layer Hen

20 Describe the changes Give a morphologic diagnosis What is a potential etiology?

21 Description: The spleen is markedly irregularly enlarged with multifocal to coalescing raised pale nodules of varying diameter Acid fast bacilli within foamy macrophages Morphologic diagnosis: Multifocal to coalescing granulomatous splenitis and marked splenomegaly Etiology: Mycobacterium avium. Differential: Avian sarcoma/leukosis viral induced sarcoma

22 Multifocal granulomas in the bone marrow

23 12 YEAR OLD, GERMAN SHEPHERD Describe the change and give three differentials

24 12 YEAR OLD, GERMAN SHEPHERD Description: There is a large (6-7cm in diameter), round, dark red soft mass that is bloody and soft on cross section protruding from the capsular surface of the spleen. Where else should you look? Differentials: Hemangiosarcoma Hemangioma Hematoma

25 RIGHT AURICLE (COMMON LOCATION FOR HEMANGIOSARCOMA)

26 ADULT HUSKY, WAS KICKED BY A REINDEER Describe the changes Cornell Veterinary Medicine

27 Description: There is a large, well circumscribed, 3cm, bloody, red mass that protrudes from the capsular surface STILL NEED HISTOLOGY TO RULE OUT HEMANGIOSARCOMA! MX: SPLENIC HEMATOMA Cornell Veterinary Medicine

28 PIG Description: What do you think caused this Cornell Veterinary Medicine

29 Description: The spleen is markedly enlarged and dark red with disruption of the capsular surface and gathered apical edges. PIG This is a splenic torsion Cornell Veterinary Medicine

30 BOVINE Describe the changes: What should be going through your mind? Cornell Veterinary Medicine

31 BOVINE Describe the changes: The spleen is markedly enlarged and bloody on cross section. What should be going through your mind? - Why did I open this carcass without taking a bloodsmear first? - Phone CFIA Cornell Veterinary Medicine

32 Bacillus anthracis New Methylene Blue stain Cornell Veterinary Medicine

33 BERNESE MOUNTAIN DOG Description: Differentials:

34 BERNESE MOUNTAIN DOG Description: Multifocal to coalescing raise, tan nodules ranging in size from 1-2cm randomly distributed throughout the spleen Differentials: -Malignant neoplasia (e.g. histiocytic sarcoma) --granulomas -Multifocal abcesses

35 HORSE Cornell Veterinary Medicine

36 HORSE Description: A raised, firm, well-demarcated nodule approximately 1.5 cm in greatest diameter extends from the capsular surface of the spleen Differentials: - Nodular hyperplasia - Benign neoplasm - Hematoma Cornell Veterinary Medicine

37 INCOMPLETE SPLENIC CONTRACTION Cornell Veterinary Medicine

38 CAT Description: Differentials: Cornell Veterinary Medicine

39 CAT Description: The spleen is diffusely, markedly enlarged with a meaty texture Differentials: - Round cell neoplasia (mastocytosis, lymphosarcoma/leukemia) Cornell Veterinary Medicine

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41 Description: The lymph node on the left is diffusely enlarged Morphologic diagnosis: Marked lymphadenomegaly and congestion

42 Most likely diagnosis: Cornell Veterinary Medicine

43 Most likely diagnosis: Jowl abscess Mx: Locally extensive, severe, subacute suppurative lymphadenitis Cornell Veterinary Medicine

44 Description: Morphologic Diagnosis Etiology

45 Description: The lymph node is expanded by multiple large nodules composed of concentric layers of friable tissue Morphologic Diagnosis: Severe, multifocal, chronic casseous lymphadenitis Etiology: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

46 BISON, FOUND DEAD Morphologic Diagnosis: What is the significance?

47 BISON, FOUND DEAD Morphologic Diagnosis: Femur: Serous atrophy of fat What is the significance? This lesion is consistent with emaciation

48 DOG Describe the changes Give Differentials Cornell Veterinary Medicine

49 Description: A large (7 x 3 x 5cm), well circumscribed, firm, multilobulated tan mediastinal mass What else might you look for? Differentials: -Thymoma -Thymic lymphosarcoma -Mesothelioma Cornell Veterinary Medicine

50 Paraneoplastic syndrome of thymoma is myaesthenia gravis (autoimmune attack of Ach receptors) resulting in megaesophagus Cornell Veterinary Medicine

51 Pig Describe the changes Give a morphologic diagnosis Potential Etiologies

52 Description: The tonsils are bilaterally ulcerated and covered with fibrin. Morphologic diagnosis: Bilateral, severe, subacute, fibrinonecrotizing tonsillitis Potential Etiologies: African Swine Fever, Classical Swine Fever, Fusobacterium necrophorum

53 QUESTIONS?

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