Reference for Drugs and Vitamins that have been used in treating domestic skunks*

Transcription

1 For Reference purposes only Reference for Drugs and Vitamins that have been used in treating domestic skunks* *The information listed here has been gathered from data collected from various skunk owners. Do not presume that these drugs are safe for your individual skunk. Adverse long term effects are unknown and are a risk. Always use caution when administering steroids. Always consult a veterinarian before administrating medications to your skunk. Information taken from the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine Green Book. For further information please vi sit:: List compiled by Cathy Dalgleish (ldalgl@seidata.com) and updated 07/20/02 Drug Name INGREDIENT INDICATION Dosage Advantage 9 for cats Imidacloprid Flea control ½ tube Afrin nose spray / drops Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride For the temporary relief of nasal congestion due to colds, hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies, or associated with sinusitis. Shrinks swollen nasal membranes Albon Sulfadimethoxine Treatment of sulfadimethoxine-susceptible bacterial infections.coccidia 12.5 to 25 mg per pound of body weight Amoxi drops Amoxicillin trihydrate Treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of organisms as follows: respiratory tract (tonsillitis, tracheobronchitis) caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis; genitourinary tract (cystitis) caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis; gastrointestinal tract (bacterial gastroenteritis) caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis; bacterial dermatitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species and Proteus mirabilis; and soft tissues (abscesses, lacerations, and wounds) caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis. 5 mg per pound of body weight twice daily. Baby Aspirin Acetylsalicylic acid Pain 1/4 tablet Baytril Enrofloxacin * (The use of this is controversial. It has been reported to cause blindness in many animals and the death of quite a few, including some skunks. This medica tion ma y be used in either dogs or cats to combat different types of infections, especially those involving Pseudomonas. Enrofloxacin is also active against Staphylococci, and thus is commonly used for infections of the skin. 5 to 20 milligrams per kilogram (2.27 to 9.07 milligrams per pound) of body weight.

2 Drug Name INGREDIENT INDICATION Dosage Clavamox drops Amoxicillin Trihydrate; Clavulanate Potassium Treatment of skin and soft tissue infections such as wounds, abscesses cellulitis, superficial/juvenile and deep pyoderma due to susceptible strains of beta-lactamase (penicillinase) producing Staphylococcus aureus, non-beta-lactamase Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus species Streptococcus species, and E. col i. For treatment of periodontal infections due to susceptible strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria milligrams (e quivalent to 5 milli grams amoxicillin and 1.25 milligrams clavulanic acid per pound body weight) twice daily. Clindamycin Hydrochloride Clindamycin Limitations Aerobic bacteria: Treatment of soft tissue infections (wounds and abscesses) and dental infections caused by or associated with susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. intermedius, and Streptococcus species Anaerobic bacteria: Treatment of soft tissue infections (deep wounds and abscesses) and dental infections caused by or associated with susceptible strains of Clostridium perfringens and Bacteroides fragilis. 5.0 to 10.0 milligrams per pound of body weight every 24 hours for a maximum of 14 days (11 to 22 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day). Limitations: Wound infections, abscesses, and dental infections: Do not use for more than 4 days if no improvement of acute infection is observed. Because of potential adverse gastrointestinal effects, do not administer to rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, horses, chinchillas, or ruminating animals. Use with caution in animals receiving neuromuscular blocking agents, because clindamycin may potentiate their action. Prescribe with caution in atopic animals. Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. Depo Me drol Methylprednisolone acetate. Treatment of inflammation and related disorders in cats; treatment of allergic and dermatologic disorders in cats; and as supportive therapy to antibacterial treatment of severe infections in cats. 10 to 20 milligrams intramuscularly Dermalone Nystatin, Neomycin sulfate, Thiostrepton, Triamcinolone acetonide Topical Antibiotic-Steroid Dexamethasone Dexamethasone The drug is indicated as an anti-inflammatory agent to 0.5 mlligrams depending on the severity of the condition Droncit Praziquantel For removal of feline cestodes Dipylidium caninum (tapeworm) and Taenia taeniaeformis (tapeworm). 4 pounds and under, (11.5 milligrams); 5 to 11 pounds, (23 milli grams); over 11 pounds, (34.5 milligrams).

3 Drug Name INGREDIENT INDICATION Dosage Drontal Praziquantel + Pyrantel Pamoate + Febantel Tapeworms, hookworms, ascarids, whipworms 1.5 to 1.9 pounds, 1/4 tablet; 2 to 3 pounds, 1/2 tablet; 4 to 8 pounds, 1 tablet; 9 to 12 pounds, 1 1/2 tablets; 13 to 16 pounds, 2 tablets. Enacard Enalapril Maleate Treatment of mild, moderate, and severe (modified New York Heart Association Class II, III, IV) heart failure in dogs 0.5 to 1.0 milligram of enalapril maleate per kilogram of body weight per day. Limitations: Use 0.5 milligr am pe r kilogram once daily. In the absence of adequate clinical response within a 2-week period, use may be increased to twice daily (a total of 1.0 milligram per kilogram). Enalapril maleate is administered as conjunctive therapy with furosemide and digoxin in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy an d furosemide with or without digoxin in the treatment of chronic valvular disease. The safety of enalapril for use in breeding dogs has not been established. Use in pregnant bitches is not recommended. Federal law rest ricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. Endosorb Activated Attapulgite Anti-diarrhea Evict Pyrantel Pamoate For removal of large roundworms (T. canis and Toxascaris leonina) and hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala). Equiva lent to 2.27 or 4.54 mil ligrams of pyrantel base per pound of body weight. Flo-Cillin injection Penicillin G Bacterial infections Histacalm Shampoo Antihistaminic, emollient, anti-itch shampoo Isoflorine gas Laxatone Anesthesia A laxat ive and lubricant for hair ball removal and preve ntion Nemex 2 Pyrantel Pamoate For removal of large roundworms (T. canis and Toxascaris leonina) and hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala). Nolvadent Oral Liquid Chlorhexidene Destroys bacteria. For cleaning oral wounds, scrapes, sores Panacur Fenbendazole For control of large strongyles (Strongylus edentatus, S. equinus, S. vulgaris), small strongyles, pinworms (Oxyuris equi), and ascarids (Parascaris equorum) in horses. For treatment of encysted mucosal cyathostome (small strongyle) larvae including early third stage (hypobiotic), late third stage, and fourth stage larvae in horses. 2.3 milligrams per pound of body weight

4 Drug Name INGREDIENT INDICATION Dosage Pediatric Bened ryl Diphenhydramine HCI Antihistamine Prednisone Prednisone It is used for conditions requiring an anti-inflammatory agent 0.25 to 1.0 milligram per pound of body weight Strongid T Pyrantel Pamoate For the removal and control of infection s from the following mature parasites: Large strongyles (Strongylus vulgaris Strongylus edentatus, Strongylus equinus), small strongyles pinworms (Oxyuris), and large roundworms (Parascaris) Torbutrol tablets Butorphanol Tartrate For the relief of chronic nonproductive cough associated with tracheo-bronchitis, tracheitis tonsillitis, laryngitis, and pharyngitis associated with inflammatory conditions of the upper respiratory tract. Equivalent of 3 milligrams pyrantel base per pound of body weight milligram of butorphanol base activity per pound of body weight. Winstrol tablets Stanozolol Anabolic steroid 2 mg tablet. Administered orally to cats 1/2 to 1 tablet twice daily for several weeks. Valium Diazepam Used to relieve anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures 2.5 mg

5 VITAMINS AND HERBS Vitamins/herbs INGREDIENT INDICATION Dosage Mephyton, Vitamin K1 Used to prevent bleeding. Given for accidental rat poisoning 5 mg Milk Thistle Rescue Remedy Derm Caps Vitamin E Star of Bethlehem: For trauma and shock. Clematis: For the tendency to "pass out ", and unconsciousness, being far away. Cherry Plum: Fear of mind giving way, verge of breakdown, anger. Impatiens: For irritability, tension and fidgety. Rock Rose: For frozen terror and panic. A concentrated Fatty Acid dietary supplement Protects and regenerates the liver Stress relief Skin and Coat Conditioning, Reduce Inflammation, Dy Skin, Pruritis Major anti-oxidant nutrient; retards cellular aging due to oxidation; supplies oxygen to the blood which is then carried to the heart and other organs; thus alleviating fatigue; aids in bringing nourishment to cells; strengthens the capillary walls & prevents the red blood cells from destructive poisons; prevents & dissolves blood clots; has also been used by doct ors in hel ping prevent sterility, muscular dyst rophy, calcium deposits in blood walls and heart conditions. Taurine* Amino Acid Clinicall y, taurine has been use d with varying degrees of success in the treatment of a wide variety of conditions, including: cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolemia, epilepsy and other seizure disorders, macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, hepatic disorders, alcoholism, andcystic fibrosis. 250 mg Colloidal Silver Valerian Acidophilus A natural antibiotic and healing agent. Also used for its anti-fungal and anti-viral properties. A powerful nervine, stimulant, carminative and antispasmodic. The drug allays pain and promotes sleep Works as an intestinal cleanser. Also helps prevent fungus, diverticulosis, acne, and bad breath. It helps in the absorption of calcium as well as other minerals.

6 Vitamins/herbs INGREDIENT INDICATION Dosage Garlic Lecithin Ginger Known as a natural anti-biotic. This anti-oxidant is also believed to help lower cholesterol Contains Choline & Inositol which are essential for the breakdown of fats and cholesterol. It helps prevent arterial congestion, helps distribute body weight, increases immunity to virus infections, cleans the liver and purifies the kidneys. An herbal remedy for asthma and coughs related to inflammation or allergies.. Ginger has been used to treat nausea, indigestion, cramps, migraine headaches and to lower blood cholesterol and as a cleanser. Calcium* Mineral Builds and maintains bones and teeth; regulates heart rhythm; eases insomnia; helps regulate the passage of nutrients in & out of the cell walls; assists in normal blood clotting; helps maintain proper nerve and muscle function; lowers blood pressure; important to normal kidney function and in current medical research reduces the incidence of colon cancer, and reduces blood cholesterol levels. 250 mg Vitamin B6 Vitamin B 12 Necessary for the synthesis & breakdown of amino acids, the building blocks of protein; aids in fat and carbohydrate metabolism; aids in the formation of antibodies; maintains the central nervous system; aids in the removal of excess fluid of premenstrual women; promotes healthy skin; reduces muscle spasms, leg cramps, hand numbness, nausea & stiffness of hands; helps maintain a proper balance of sodium & phosphorous in the body. Helps in the formation & regeneration of red blood cells, thus helping prevent anemia; necessary for carbohydrate, fat & protein metabolism; maint ains a healthy nervous system; promote s growth in children; increases energy; needed for Calcium absorption. L-Carnitine* A "free amino acid" which has been found to improve fat metabolism in the heart and other organs and tissues, reduces Triglyceride and cholesterol levels, improves heart muscle tolerance, prevents irregular heartbeat and angina, provides more energy for the heart and helps lower blood pressure.

7 Vitamins/herbs INGREDIENT INDICATION Dosage Evening Primrose oil Flax seed oil Promoted for a wide variety of ailments including reduction of premenstrual and menopause syndrome symptoms, weight loss without dieting, hypertension, improved lipids, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis. Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids are known to play important roles in the formation of prostaglandins. Prostaglandi ns are important cellular regulators which control inflammatory processes in the body. Flax seed oil, which contains large amounts of omega-3 fatty acids and useful amounts of omega-6 fatty acids, may be a helpful adjunct in protocols which deal with Cardiovascular disease, Hypertension, Arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, Psoriasis and other skin problems, Cancer, Diabetes and Kidney disease. Pet-Tabs Vitamin mineral supplement Pet Tinic Vitamin mineral suppleme nt with Iron Anemia FaVor for cats Vitamin mineral supplement Zinc Mineral Necessary for protein synthesis; wound healing; vital for the development of the reproductive organs, prostate functions and male hormone act ivity; it governs the contractili ty of muscles; important for blood s tability; maintains t he b ody's alkaline balance; helps in normal tissue function; aids in the digestion and metabolism of phosphorus. * Highly recommended supplements to be added to a skunk s diet.

8 Veterinarians That Treat Domestic Skunks By State Alabama Dr James E Waite, Jr. DVM* Cornerstone Animal Hospital Inc 433 Slaughter Road, Madison, AL Florida (con t) Dr. Diane Perry Feline, Avian & Exotic Animal Hospital 916 Broadway Dunedin, FL Florida Woodbine Animal Clinic Dr. Br ian H. Brayton 4263 Woodbine Rd. Pace, FL Dr. Bruce Keene, DVM 856 Lake Howell Road Maitland, FL Dr. Cindi Bossart, Dr. Buell, Dr. Jones Animal Hospital of Ft. Lauderdale 1660 E Oakland Park Ft. Lauderdale, FL Dr. Margaret David Orlando Medical Clinic 1404 S. Bumby Ave. Orlando, FL amcoforlando@aol.com Animal Hospital at the Marketplace Dr. Michael Russo and Dr. Janusz Kwiatkowski Well ington Trace, Suite A-1 Wellington, FL

9 Dr. Ann Stephens Eagles Landing Vet Hospital 1635 Highway 42 N. McDonough, GA For Pet s Sake Mimi Shepherd, D.V.M North Druid Hills Road Decatur, GA Dr. Donald Delong Dr. Jennifer Sandy Avalon Animal Hospital 2585 Cruse Road Lawrenceville, GA Pet Doctor@ aol.com Dr. Steve Fairchild Dr. David Wonders Cornelia Vet Hospital 785 Baldwin Rd. Cornelia, GA Dr. Stewart Colby Windward Animal Hospital Jonesboro Road Alpharetta, GA Dr. Howard Ashely Kay Animal Hospital 8991 Hwy #5 Douglasville, GA Georgia

10 Indiana Alex Wolf, DVM 415 N. Earl Avenue Lafayette, IN Epperson Veterinary Services S W Epperson, DVM Highway 41 N. Evansville, IN or Beth Ann Breitweiser, DVM 6058 N Keystone Ave Indianapolis, IN Angela Lennox, DVM 9330 Waldemar Rd Indianapolis, IN Laurent Bass, DVM RLM Veterinary Services N St. Hwy 3 North Vernon, IN Ivan Rimstidt, DVM North Madison Veterinary Clinic 3528 Lanier Dr Madison, IN Michigan

11 Dr. Bikeworth Haven Animal Hospital Grand Haven, MI New Jersey Dr. Eileen Tucker Elizabeth Vet Clinic 151 E 2nd Ave Roselle, NJ Ohio Dr. Frank Krupka* Avon Lake Animal Clinic 124 Miller Rd. Avon Lake, OH Dr. L. Burton, DVM 2665 Billingsley Rd Columbus, OH Dayton South Veterinary Clinic 3200 Wilmington Pike Kettering, OH All Creatures Veterinary Care 350 Mountain Rd. State College, PA Pennsylvania * Will consult by telephone **Always check with the vet to see what his procedures are if he or one of his assistants is bitten by your skunk.

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