Correct use of veterinary drugs and withdrawal period: the case of Anti Microbial Resistance (AMR)

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Ferreira, DVM, MS, PhD Establishment of a risk-based food

1 Correct use of veterinary drugs and withdrawal period: the case of Anti Microbial Resistance (AMR) Jorge Pinto Ferreira, DVM, MS, PhD Establishment of a risk-based food safety control system in the dairy value chain in Ukraine November 18, 2016

2 AMR: How big is really the problem? Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 2

3 We have been fighting it for some time Sept. 12, 1994 May 20, 2016 Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 3

4 And we were warned Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 4

5 It is not really just about AB`s that we are talking about Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 5

6 AMR: a perfect One Heath issue Marco Domino, Reuters Zohra Bensemra, Reuters Goran Tomasevic, Reuters Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 6

7 What is the environment? Ghenghesh et al. 2009: 60 DVDs rented: - Tripoli (Libia) - 35 (58.3%): Staphylococcus aureus - 4 (11.4%): MRSA! Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 7

8 The arctic is really far or not Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 8

9 Representing is easy; Quantifying... Fig.1, EFSA Journal 2015; 13 (2):4036 Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 9

2011. Nature, vol. 477, page 457 Bhullar et al. 2012.

10 When did this problem start? It is a natural biological phenome. D`Costa et al Nature, vol. 477, page 457 Bhullar et al PlosOne, Vol. 7, Issue 4, e34953 Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 10

11 Are We Born with it? news.softpedia.com Resistance, first weeks of life Mother-child transmission Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 11

12 USE = R? Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 12

13 USE = R? Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 13

14 (Mis) use in Humans... India: any antibiotic can be bought w/o prescritpion (Saradamma et al., 2000, Soc Sci Med., 50 (6): ) Beijing: 98% children with flu = AB (Yezli & Li, 2012, Int J Antimicrob Agents, 40 (5): ) ~50% of the prescriptions are incorrect (Werner et al., 2011, BMC Infect Dis, 11:187) Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 14

15 Use of AB`s in food animals production... Between 2010 and 2030, the global consumption of antimicrobials will increase by 67% For Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, the increase in antimicrobial consumption will be 99% Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 15

16 What is the correct use (in animals)? Withdrawal period: time required after administration of a drug to an animal needed to assure that drug residues in the marketable milk (and/or meat) is below a determined Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 16

The correct use, and the withdrawal period

adminitration route Dilution effect Body

17 The correct use, and the withdrawal period Sometimes, it is not that straightforward... Healthy animals vs hepatic lipidosis Abcesses Drugs interaction Dosis and adminitration route Dilution effect Body condition Abortions Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 17

18 Show me the data... Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 18

19 Quantifying antimicrobial use: simple version Slide credits: Jeroen Dewulf, U Gent Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 19

20 ...and the not so simple... Collineau et al., 2016, Zoonoses and Public Health Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 20

21 «USE» of antimicrobials in the EU P.S: It takes at least three to four years to establish a valid baseline for the data on sales! Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 21

22 AMR: it is really multifactorial... Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 22

23 Is the solution, to stop using ABs? Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 23

5, Issue 7, e1000578 Sørum et al., 2006.

24 Fitness cost? Once resistant, always resistant. Trindade et al., PlosOne, Vol. 5, Issue 7, e Sørum et al., Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 72, No.1, p Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 24

25 New drugs = problem solved? There remains no evidence the drugs meet unmet medical need, adress AMR, or are more effective than pre-exisiting ABs. History has a way of repeating itself Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 25

26 Take home messages: AMR is one of the biggest public health threats; If not controlled, the way we live will be significantly affected. Any use will eventually lead to resistance. Each one of us can make a small but significant difference. Now is the time! Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 26

27 Establishment of a risk-based food safety control system in the dairy value chain in Ukraine Annual international conference Correct use of veterinary drugs and withdrawal period: the case of AMR Thank you. jorge.pinto-ferreira@safoso.ch Use of vet drugs, withdrawal period and AMR 27

28 Any questions? Establishment of a risk-based food safety control system in the dairy value chain in Ukraine November 18, 2016

The role of FAO in AMR

The role of FAO in AMR Dr. Friederike Mayen, DVM, MSc, PhD FAO Senior Livestock Development Officer FAO Regional Office for the Near East and North Africa (RNE), Cairo, Egypt Why Antimicrobials in Livestock?