Welfare and meat quality Preslaughter handling, slaughter and killing

Transcription

1 Benessere animale, qualita e sicurezza microbiologica delle carni Dr Haluk Anil Welfare and meat quality Preslaughter handling, slaughter and killing

2 LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES EU e.g. 1099/2009 regs OIE FAO NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS STAGES: PRIMARY PRODUCTION DEPOPULATION TRANSPORT UNLOADING HANDLING AND SLAUGHTER

3 MMajority kept indoors

4 Factors affecting poultry welfare Fast growth: Leg weakness (dyschondroplasia; and fractures heart failure, ascites Environment: Ventilation, ammonia, humidity, wet litter: e.g. drips Litter quality: Hock burn, pododermatitis Inability to express natural behaviour: Preening, feather dusting, scratching, inability to reach food

5 Factors affecting poultry welfare Poor/rough handling, injuries Depopulation/harvesting Crating and loading Transport and heat stress DOAs

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7 LITTER

8 Hock burn scores score 2 score 4

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11 Grading of pododermatitis

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15 Leg weakness-crippled birds

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17 CCHECK DOAs AND CASUALTY KILLING

18 Factors affecting poultry welfare Slaughterhouse-Handling and hanging damage Long hanging to stun/slaughter duration Excessive Flapping Shackles

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20 Factors affecting poultry welfare Water bath stunning Stunning parameters: Low currents; electric shocks Failure to induce a stun due to low currents and/or ineffective stunning waveforms Early recovery from stun before and after exsanguination Incomplete unilateral cuts ad poor bleed out Signs of recovery at scalding

21 EXCESSIVE FLAPPING IS REDUCED WITH GOOD WELFARE

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23 Electrical water bath stunning

24 Examples of waveforms and rectifications/permutations

25 Recommended Current Parameters for birds

26 LECTRICAL STUNNING AND CARCASS QUALITY IN POULTRY Electric shocks (more in turkeys, ducks, low current stunning for Halal Fractures Breast blood splash, Red wing tips, red pygostyles, haemorrhages

27 Carcass damage caused by haemorrhages

28 POULTRY SLAUGHTER WITHOUT STUNNING

29 COLD SHORTENING Cold shortening is USUALLY the result of the rapid chilling of carcasses immediately after slaughter, before the glycogen in the muscle has been converted to lactic acid; ACTIN myosin failure to overlap etc. It can also develop if broiler carcasses flap excessively during exsanguination- e.g. HALAL SLAUGHTER WITHOUT STUNNING

30 Animal Welfare during transport

31 Animal Welfare at Slaughter ph decline determines meat quality. If 5.5 to 5.7 is reached within 48 minutes it is regarded as PSE. Glycogen depletion results in less lactic acid production. In this case the meat will be very dry and dark in colour. This condition is known as Dark Firm Dry (DFD) meat.

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34 Wool pull damage in sheep

35 Kurban

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37 Restraining for cattle Kurban

38 Kurban

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42 Slaughter without stunning the cut A) How to measure loss of brain activity

43 Range for loss of brain function in calves/ cattle Slaughter without stunning post cut Time after the cut in seconds (Fielding, 2009)

44 Shooting position in cattle The intersection point of the imaginary lines from the top ridge of the eyes to the top of the horn buds.

45 Typical evoked potential waveform Stimulus 34ms 24ms

46 Effect of Shechita slaughter on evoked responses SER s SHECHITA Time following treatment (sec) 50µV VER s 50ms Time following treatment (sec) Daly et al (1988)

47 Comparison of slaughter methods - visual evoked responses in cattle- Shechita TREATMENT Time following treatment (sec) 50µV Captive bolt 50ms Time following treatment (sec) Daly et al (1988)

48 Slaughter without stunning the cut B) How to measure Pain brain electrical activity

49 Slaughter without stunning the cut Recent work by Gibson et al. 2007/2009 (EEG spectral analysis): Spectral edge frequency

50 Slaughter without stunning the cut Carotid ballooning in cattle Anil et al

51 Delayed loss of consciousness: Blood pressure in calves Neck sticking 'normal arteries' Neck sticking 'ballooned arteries' Chest Sticking Time (s)

52 Comparison of slaughter methods - blood loss in sheep Adjusted Blood Loss (kg) No stunning 0.25 Electrical stunning 0.00 Captive bolt stunning Time following sticking (s)

53 Hoopoe bird Thank you