Livestock. matters. Inside this issue: Trace Elements: Most common TE deficiencies. Heat Detection: Key to a successful AI season.

Transcription

1 volume 5 edition 2 working Livestock together for a healthier future Inside this issue: matters Trace Elements: Most common TE deficiencies Heat Detection: Key to a successful AI season volume 5 edition 2 livestock matters 1

2 contents 03 Weight gain targets in Lambs Brian Flynn discusses the reasons why, when and with what we dose 04 Heat detection - AI Michael O Meara discusses various heat detection aids that are used on farm CONTENTS 08 Trace Elements Kieran Devaney considers the most common trace element deficiencies which are associated with illthrift and poor production Member Practices 10 Backyard poultry As interest in backyard poultry increases, Frank Clerkin talks about factors to consider to keep your hens safe and healthy John Quille looks at the various practices to follow to ensure calves reach their full potential in their first year at grass Vets: L X t c a t n Co 05 and xlvets.ie e@ Training is a vital part of the jigsaw that makes up modern farm business success. But finding the training that s right for you needn t be a puzzle. XLVets FarmSkills courses are designed to put the farmer first; finding out what you know now and what you d like to know to improve your business. Courses are available across Ireland and are open to everyone. Topics catered for include cattle lameness, mastitis and cell coun t, calf rearing and fertility management. XLVets Skillnet is funded by member companies and the Training Networks Programme, an initiative of Skillnets Ltd. funded from the National Training Fund through the Department of Education and Skills. 2 livestock matters XLVets are all independently owned, progressive veterinary practices located throughout Ireland committed to working together for the benefit of our clients. XLVets Ireland 06 Managing calves to grass Prac basedtical, farm delive training impro red by ve, ve y ts t and bouur livestooc k perfor siness mance... VOLUME 5 EDITION 2 Adare Veterinary Surgery Curraghbeg, Adare, Co.Limerick All Creatures Veterinary Clinic Lanesboro Street, Roscommon Town, Co.Roscommon Animal Health Centre Main Street, Taghmon, Co. Wexford Avondale Veterinary Clinics Ferrybank, Arklow, Co.Wicklow Castle Veterinary Clinic Church Street, Castleisland, Co. Kerry Clerkin Vets 90 Bridge Street, Cootehill, Co.Cavan Comeragh Veterinary Main Street, Kilmacthomas, Co.Waterford Donal Lynch Veterinary Killurin Cross, Tullamore Co.Offaly Geraghty & Neary Veterinary College Road, Mountbellew, Co Galway Glasslyn Veterinary Clinic Glasslyn Road, Bandon, Co Cork Glen Veterinary Clinics Blind Street, Tipperary Town, Co.Tipperary Glenbower Veterinary Group Clashdermot East, Killeagh, Co.Cork Glenina Veterinary Clinic 1 Glenina Heights, Dublin Road, Co.Galway Gortlandroe Veterinary Clinic St Conlon s Road, Nenagh, Co.Tipperary Kilcoyne Veterinary Mountain Road, Tubbercurry, Co Sligo Killenaule Vets Killenaule, Thurles, Co.Tipperary Longford Animal Health Centre Cooleeney, Shroid, Co Longford Mulcair Veterinary Clinics Dromsally, Cappamore, Co.Limerick O Connor Julian Vets Cahir Road, Cashel, Co.Tipperary Old Church Veterinary Hospital The Mall, Ballyshannon, Co.Donegal Ormonde Veterinary 14 Barrack Street, Kilkenny, Co.Kilkenny Riverview Veterinary Group Distillery Road, Bandon, Co.Cork Sliabh Luachra Veterinary Centre West End, Rathmore, Co.Kerry Southview Veterinary Hospital Irishtown, Clonmel, Co.Tipperary The Veterinary Hospital Arklow Road, Gorey, Co.Wexford XLVet Ireland Ltd Registered Office at: Dromsally, Cappamore County Limerick Tel: XLVet Ireland No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior permission of the publisher. Disclaimer: XLVets does not necessarily share the views of contributors. No responsibility can be accepted for opinions expressed by contributors. working together for a healthier future...

3 weight targets Brian Flynn The most common cause of failing to meet weight gain targets in lambs in Ireland is internal parasitic infections. Weight gain targets in Lambs Veterinary Surgeon Brian Flynn XLVets Practice Longford Animal Health Centre, Shroid, Cooleeney, Longford With studies showing that up to 50% of the dosing carried out by farmers to control internal parasitic infections has little or no effect, it s important to understand the reasons why, when and with what we dose. In late Spring/Early Summer Nematodirus is the biggest risk. This parasite differs from the rest in two ways. 1. The larvae multiply within the egg. (Not in the animal) 2. It requires a prolonged cold spell, followed by a warm spell for the larvae to hatch from the egg Therefore, if weather conditions are right massive amounts of these larvae hatch on the pasture at the one time. Young lambs from 6 weeks, doubles and triplets are just starting to graze and pick up huge numbers of larvae which start to develop into adult worms in the young lamb causing scour, weight loss and death with little or no warning. The Department of Agriculture give warnings on when this hatch is most likely and it s important if heavily stocked to heed these warnings. During this risk period, prevention can be achieved by not grazing lambs on ground previously grazed by sheep. Where that s not possible a dose will control the disease. Coccidiosis infections can be common at this time especially during wet weather and clinical signs can be identical to nematodirus. This is caused by a protozoa and normal doses have no effect. A faecal sample can be checked for its presence and your vet can prescribe a suitable coccidiostat to control it. In late Summer, Strongyle worms become the major threat. These worms multiply as each adult produces thousands of eggs. These eggs hatch on the ground and in warm wet summers can spread well out of the dung path and contaminate the whole pasture. The huge problem with these worms is that they have developed resistance to some of the most commonly used doses. If this occurs not only is time and money wasted on dosing but vast amounts more is lost on poor weight gains and mortality. To combat resistance we can easily and inexpensively check the effectiveness of your dosing regime by carrying out Faecal Egg Counts (FEC s). 1. Take fresh faecal sample from 10 lambs in a group and mark them. Dose the lambs. Keep the sample cool and bring them to your vet who will get them analysed. 2. In 7 to 10 days (depending on product used) take fresh samples again from the marked lambs. Your vet can use the test results to determine the most suitable dose for your flock. When dosing with the most suitable dose for your flock, weigh the heaviest few lambs in the group and give the rest of the animals in the group the dose volume for that weight. One of the main reasons for parasites building up a resistance is underdosing. Liver Fluke can be a big problem on Irish farms especially in warm wet summers. Negative faecal samples in lambs may not give an accurate insight of infection as infected lambs won t start shedding eggs in the dung until the fluke mature into adults which takes up to 12 weeks. However immature and mature fluke will be damaging the liver sufficiently to cause disease. Dung samples on older lambs or ewes can be useful in determining if there is flock infection. There are many products available to control liver fluke but some only kill adults, more only kill adults and immatures and more kill all stages, so it s important to work with your vet to determine the best one for your flock. Rumen fluke has got a lot of publicity in recent years but isn t as big an issue as liver fluke on most farms. The adult fluke unlike the liver fluke don t cause disease but the immature s migrating through the intestine to get to the rumen can do a lot of damage if present in large numbers causing diarrhoea and death. Conclusion: Poorly controlled parasite infection in your flock reduces your cheque from the factory. Using sampling, your vets time and an effective dosing regime can save a lot of time and money. volume 5 edition 2 livestock matters 3

4 heat detection Michael O Meara MVB, Cert DHH In this article we discuss opportunities to improve the genetic merit of your dairy herd, with a huge range of high EBI bulls available from AI companies, this has never been more achievable Heat Detection - The key to a Veterinary Surgeon Michael O Meara sucessful AI season XLVets Practice Gortlandroe Veterinary Clinic Nenagh, Tipperary Easily available data means it is easier to choose bulls to improve milk solids, fertility and other traits depending on the priorities of the herdowner. Many herds are still in expansion mode and these need to produce large numbers of replacements often approaching 100% AI using dairy sires. Most non expanding herds should be able to produce sufficent replacements in a four week AI season. Submission rates are dependant on good heat detection and Irish data suggests that the cost of every missed heat is 250 Submission rate targets: End 1 week 30% End 2 weeks 60% End 3 weeks 90% AI straws are now a significant cost on most farms, so it is vital that heat detection is accurate to ensure high conception rates. The best times to observe cows are just before they leave the paddock for the morning milking, early afternoon and late evening. It is suggested that farmers should spend three 20 minute periods observing cows daily during the breeding season. This requires a significant amount of time and experience and to assist the process various heat detection aids are used on farms. Vasectomised bulls with chin balls identify a heifer in heat, a scratch card is also visible Tail paint This is the most common heat detection aid used on Irish farms. The main advantages are its low cost and ease of administration. A narrow strip of paint is applied above the cows tailhead and as the cow is mounted this is rubbed off giving a clear indication that the cow is in heat Some farmers apply red paint three weeks prior to the breeding season. Observed heats are recorded as a guide to when the next heat is due Any cows not seen in heat at the start of the breeding season and calved more than 42 days can then be examined by your vet and treated appropriately This is followed by the application of green paint to all cows at the start of breeding and the application of blue paint as the cows are served Kamar heat detectors Kamars are applied between the cows hip bones using glue. Pressure from sustained mounting activity causes the kaymar to change colour from white to red clearly identifying the animal in heat 4 livestock matters working together for a healthier future...

5 heat detection Scratch cards A number of companies now supply scratch cards that are applied between the hip bones of the cow. Some are self adhesive while some require the use of glue When mounting occurs the card is scratched changing its colour from silver to a range of bright colours. Scratch cards are particularly useful in heifers Vasectomised bulls New scratch card A vasectomised bull is an invaluable tool for heat detection particularly after the first three weeks of the breeding season when bulling activity is greatly reduced With many cows mounted less than ten times it is easy to miss heats at this stage of the season and the vasectomised bull will detect cows with very low expressions of heat An additonal aid to heat detection using a vasectomised bull is the use of a chin ball harness. This allows the bull to clearly mark cows that he has paid a lot of attention to and is particulary useful for cows that are slow to stand A bull from the previous years calves is most useful as vasectomised bull and the procedure should be carried out at least one month before the bull is needed. It is important to note that the vasectomised bull is no less dangerous than any other bull Chin ball harness Electronic heat detection There are a range of computerised heat detection systems available most of which are based on foot or neck mounted activity monitors. This technology is constantly improving and is being sucessfully used on many farms Kamar heat detectors volume 5 edition 2 livestock matters 5

6 calves to grass john quille, mvb Calf management is one of the most important jobs on the farm. Future income and farm sustainability is hinged on proper management of heifer calves as replacement stock and bull calves as beef stock. Managing calves to grass Veterinary Surgeon John Quille XLVets Practice Castle Vets, Church Street, Castleisand, Kerry In Ireland most calves are put to grass post-weaning in a conventional spring calving dairy system. There are certain practices that should be followed so as to make sure these calves reach their full potential in their first year at grass. Pre-weaning Although not very common some farmers turn calves out to grass pre-weaning. Teagasc Moorepark carried out studies and reported calves did very well on this system provided shelter was adequate for the calves. Calves were found to have slightly higher weight gains outdoors and lower mortalities when compared to conventional indoor systems. This may become more common practice in the future. Post-weaning The most common time to let calves to grass is post-weaning. Calves should be weaned at 8-12 weeks of age at 85kg+ live weight. They should be eating 1kg+ of concentrates daily. Calves should receive rations for a minimum of 6 weeks after turn out to grass. In a lot of incidents calves will receive supplementary ration throughout the grazing season. Live weight gain of 0.8kg and more is achievable and necessary in most conventional systems. Mature BW 6 months 15 months Calving %mature BW 30% 60% 90% Holstein Friesian (HF) Jersey x HF Jersey livestock matters working together for a healthier future...

7 calves to grass Considerations for grazing calves Calves should be vaccinated for clostridia diseases as per manufacturers instructions. This will prevent any sudden deaths sometimes seen such as blackleg Parasite management is one of the big challenges of the calf in its first grazing season. Young calves do not have any immunity to parasites. They develop immunity as they are exposed and age. The main parasites to consider are gut worms, lung worms and liver fluke. It is important to monitor for subclinical and clinical disease. Clinical signs of parasite burdens are weight loss, scour and coughing, especially after exercise Daily live weight gain should be >0.8kg daily. Faecal egg counts should be carried out with your vet to determine gut worm burden. Fluke egg counts can be carried out when calves are at grass for more than 12 weeks Tactical Management: Monitor FEC (faecal egg counts) and DLWG (daily live weight gain) and treat when FEC>200 and DLWG is <0.7. After grass should be used to reduce risk Therapeutic Management: Treat only when signs appear. This strategy is higher risk but may be the only available option in certain situations, such as on organic farms Lungworm infections are less predictable than gut worm infections and they make their main impact through clinical disease - hoose. Fatalities can occur. Close monitoring for early clinical signs of respiratory disease, particularly coughing, is the best approach for management of lungworm infection Management of liver fluke and rumen fluke is dependent on the soil type in the area. Improve drainage and fence-off wet areas to reduce the habitat for snail and fluke eggs It may be unnecessary to treat with flukicides until the autumn and/or at housing as spring-born calves will initially carry no liver fluke. Advice varies depending on weather, fluke forecast and farm history Summary Maintain live weight gain >0.8kg daily Vaccinate for clostridial diseases Monitor and control parasites Effective grazing management Control of parasites at grass Grazing management Good nutrition - Can offset some of the negative effects of parasites Appropriate use of anthelmintics Grazing management recommendations from Teagasc Strategic management: Turn out onto cleanest possible pasture. Treat within 3 weeks and repeat (check residual activity of drug used to calculate interval between doses) as necessary. Calves should be kept on low risk pasture Lower risk pastures include: New or reseeded pastures Silage after grass Pastures grazed by sheep for 1-2 months Pastures that are grazed rotationally Higher risk pastures: Pastures recently grazed by young stock Permanent pasture Further treatment may be required if calves are moved to a high risk pasture volume 5 edition 2 livestock matters 7

8 trace elements kieran devaney, mvb This article will consider the most common TE deficiencies which are often associated with illthrift and poor production. Trace Elements Veterinary Surgeon Kieran Devaney XLVets Practice Ormonde Vets Barrack Street, Kilkenny Major elements and Trace elements (TE) are minerals that are essential for the normal health and function of ruminants. Major elements: Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, Sulphur Trace elements: Copper, Cobalt,Selenium, Iodine,Iron, Zinc, Manganese Deficiencies may be: Primary - Levels of mineral in the diet are inadequate. Secondary - Levels of mineral in the diet are normal but there are other factors that limit their availability Preparation TE content in forage is variable due to factors like; soil type, drainage, ph and plant species present. Cattle and sheep on forage only diets are most at risk Sandy type soils generally contain less trace elements than clay soils. Free draining soil types often contain less trace elements than poorly draining. Soil deficiency can be straight forward as occurs with cobalt and selenium or can involve more complex processes. Copper availability in soil is limited by iron, sulphur and molybdenum In many areas of the country soil deficiencies will be general knowledge. Within a farm ploughing, reseeding with single species pasture and lime application can reduce the availability of trace elements to stock Signs of Copper Deficiency Generally young cattle affected Discolouration of the coat in black cattle/ sheep, especially around the ear margins and eyes Thin, dry, sparse hair coat/wool, with uncoated appearance Bone defects Illthrift Anaemia Reduced immune system Diarrhoea seen on pastures with high molybdenum concentrations Infertility Swayback in lambs - Early: stillbirths and weak lambs, neurological signs after birth - Delayed: in lambs 2-8 weeks of age. 8 livestock matters working together for a healthier future...

9 trace elements Signs of Cobalt Deficiency Illthrift in weaned lambs late in the season Lethargy Reduced appetite Poor quality wool with an open fleece Reduced growth rates Tear staining and anaemia Reduced immunity in advanced cases lambs present with nervous signs Signs Selenium/Vitamin E deficiency White Muscle Disease Congenital - stillbirths or birth of weak calves/lambs that fail to thrive and suckle, they usually die Delayed - This is usually seen in calves or lambs at 1-4 months of age. Signs are usually stiffness and discomfort, inability to stand, respiratory distress. and sudden death Illthrift Reduced fertility Lowered immune system Retained afterbirth in cattle Iodine Deficiency Primary deficiency - results from low content in the soil Secondary deficiency - due to goitrogens which act by disruption of iodine metabolism. Goitrogens are found in brassicas (kale) and legumes (white clover). Deficiencies of other trace elements especially selenium can lead to secondary iodine deficiency Diagnosis of Trace Element Deficiency Local knowledge of the soil and pasture type and whether trace element deficiencies are known to occur in the local area is a good guide Measuring the TE in the blood of the animals and in liver samples collected at the abattoir or by biopsy Soil and forage analysis help in building a picture of TE deficiencies on individual farms Post mortem examination of stillborn or weak calves/lambs When collecting samples it is important to avoid the illthrifty animals and try to ensure that stock should be on the ration for a period of at least 6 weeks before sampling is carried out otherwise results will reflect the previous ration It is useful for your veterinary surgeon and nutritionist to interpret the results and together and decide if TE supplementation is necessary In some situations the laboratory results may show no clear evidence that a deficiency state exists but TE status might appear to be marginal. For herds/flocks with marginal results, assessing the response to supplementation of TE may be the only way of confirming the diagnosis Prevention and Correction of TE Deficiencies A number of methods can be used to control TE deficiencies and the choice depends on the particular mineral, management systems, economics and risk of toxicity Indirect methods: Application of mineral fertilizers to pasture. May not work if factors leading to secondary deficiencies are still present Minimising factors that interfere with mineral uptake Genetic selection- There may be a marked genetic difference between individuals and between breeds in mineral absorption (eg. copper in texel vs blackface) Direct methods: Inclusion in concentrate feed Minerals blocks and licks but there is a large variation in consumption Medication of water supply Drenches and boluses Injectable compounds Topical application e.g. Painting 5 per cent tincture of iodine onto the flank skin-fold in cattle Even where a diagnosis of deficiency is thought to be straightforward it is important to check that supplementation is effective. Where there is a disease problem a reduction in incidence of the disease should be seen. Where ill-thrift or infertility are the problems then assessing the response to supplementation is best carried out objectively by regularly monitoring growth rates and recording fertility results Over supplementation is a waste of money and can result in toxicity developing in stock. Where TE deficiency is considered, diagnosis, treatment and future management should be monitored with your vet monitoring response to supplementation Signs of Iodine Deficiency Goitre. The classical sign of iodine deficiency is thyroid enlargement is usually seen in the newborn animal Stillbirths or birth of weak calves/lambs, reduced fertility Reduced appetite, milk yield and wool production volume 5 edition 2 livestock matters 9

10 backyard poultry frank clerkin, mvb Backyard poultry has seen an increase in interest in recent years as people have become more aware as to the origin of their food and you can t be more sure of where it came from than if it was one of your own hens. Backyard Poultry Veterinary Surgeon XLVets Practice Frank Clerkin Clerkin Vets, Cootehill, Co.Cavan. Based in Cavan/Monaghan, a good number of farms within our practice have more than one farm enterprise and poultry sheds are commonplace in this part of the country. But you don t have to make the major investment required for a modern poultry shed to enjoy a fresh egg a day, or perhaps if you are a little more adventurous your own free range chicken or turkey. Hens are a very easy way of getting into poultry and seeing a quick return on a very small investment. The first hurdle is sourcing a good quality bird and perhaps Donedeal is for many the first port of call in their search. A word of warning though, backyard flocks in Ireland tend to show up the weird and wonderful in terms of disease in poultry. The commercial units have birds which are vaccinated against many common infections. Small backyard flocks are rarely vaccinated and infections such as Infectious bronchitis and mycoplasma are commonplace. Try to buy from an established dealer and if possible vaccinated birds to reduce the risk of disease and disappointment. Poultry shows and fairs although fascinating can see you coming home with more than you bargained for, especially if the new stock is mixed with existing stock on your farm. All birds bought in should be quarantined from your own before mixing to lower the risk of introducing infections. Avoid hens coming from commercial houses that are being depopulated, these birds will have their job done and are approaching the end of their lay. While they still may be in lay, it won t last much longer! 10 livestock matters working together for a healthier future...

11 backyard poultry Point of lay pullets, at sixteen weeks are ideal. These birds will have time to settle on your farm and should come into lay at 19 weeks of age, and can give an egg a day for a whole year if all goes well. Poultry require a secure and safe home. The stories of the fox and the little red hen could soon be reenacted in your back yard if the don t have one. There are a wide variety of hen arks or coops available but any secure shed with place to roost and nest boxes will do. The coop must however be easily cleaned to avoid red mite or lice infestations. Full free ranging in the yard will suit your new poultry very well but remember to lock them up safe at night and avoid unwanted visits from foxes, cats, mink, pinemartins or various other poultry connoisseurs. Hens like all other animals require good nutrition if the are to be productive. There is no better animal to let you know about a dip in feed quality than the hen. They may pick around the yard all day but if the quality of the ration they are fed drops, production soon drops also. Local co-op stores and shops around the country stock poultry feed in kg bags. These rations are formulated for the commercial units but are ideal for backyard poultry. Nutritionally these feeds are complete, even the grit for the gizzard is in the mix. Storage of the feed is critical and should be kept dry and away from damp. While birds will eat moulded meal, the mycotoxins in it are harmful to the bird. Meal worms, worms, flies etc will all be eaten by hens but do not depend on what they find of their own accord if you want to them to stay in good condition. Water must be provided fresh daily and drinkers should be kept clean. Water quality is important to hens in order to avoid E. coli infections. In Ireland, commercial poultry are salmonella free, testing of flocks is ongoing. High levels of hygiene and monitoring are required by law. The key to our zero salmonella status has been good hygiene, which is easily achieved in backyard flocks also. The main parasite infections of backyard poultry are ascarid worms, heterakis worms and capillaria worms. These are regularly treated with an anthelmintic from your local vet given in the drinking water. Tapeworm infections are less common but easily treated. Red mite and lice are the bane of all poultry keepers. Red mite will spend a short time feeding on the birds at night when they suck blood and then return to cracks and crevices to lay their eggs. Within seven days these eggs will have hatched, undergone two nymph stages and be blood sucking adults themselves. The mite causes anaemia in the bird and acts as a vector for disease. The hen house needs to be well cleaned and treated with a red mite spray or silica dust to kill the mite. Elimination of red mite once they enter a premises is difficult but steam cleaning and disinfection will lower the challenge. Lice will live on the bird and similarily require treatment and good hygiene to reduce the challenge. Lice tend to cause more irritation as they crawl on the skin beneath the feathers. They lay their eggs on the feathers around the tail vent usually in tight clumps similar to head lice in children. Each bird requires individual treatment to kill the lice and should be monitored for reinfection. With red mite and lice infections all bedding should be removed and burned, the housing washed and treated and retreated periodically to prevent reemergence. Hens are hardy creatures but with a little care and attention will provide you with an egg a day or maybe an inspiration for a new farming enterprise. volume 5 edition 2 livestock matters 11

12 EXCELLENCE IN PRACTICE XLVets - We Excel The members of XLVets have worked hard to create what they see as a model of how practices can work together, by sharing experiences, knowledge and skills. We strive to deliver excellence in veterinary practice to our clients and their animals. Invest in Health Don t Pay For Disease The group comprises of a number of the foremost farm practices in Ireland. With many years of combined experience, we are able to give expert advice on all areas of farm livestock, health and production. XLVets member practices are dedicated to providing a high quality, cost effective service to their clients, to support long-term growth and future prosperity within the Irish livestock industry. T Longford Animal Health Centre Shroid, Co.Longford Telephone: T Mulcair Veterinary Clinics Cappamore, Co.Limerick Telephone: O Connor Julian Vets Cashel, Co.Tipperary ipperary Telephone: Old Church Veterinary Hospital Tipperary Town, Co.Tipperary Telephone: Ballyshannon, Co.Donegal Telephone: Adare Veterinary Surgery Clerkin Vets Adare, Co.Limerick Telephone: Glenbower Veterinary Group Cootehill, Co.Cavan Telephone: Ormonde Veterinary Killeagh, Co.Cork Telephone: Barrack Street, Co.Kilkenny Telephone: All Creatures Veterinary Clinic Comeragh Veterinary Glenina Veterinary Clinic Kilmacthomas, Co.Waterford Telephone: Dublin Road, Co.Galway Telephone: Riverview Veterinary Group Roscommon Town, Co.Roscommon Telephone: Animal Health Centre Donal Lynch Veterinary Gortlandroe Veterinary Clinic Main Street, Taghmon, Co. Wexford Telephone: Tullamore, Co.Offaly Telephone: Nenagh, Co.Tipperary Telephone: Rathmore, Co.Kerry Telephone: Avondale Veterinary Clinics Geraghty & Neary Veterinary Kilcoyne Veterinary Clinic Southview Veterinary Hospital Arklow, Co.Wicklow Telephone: Glen Veterinary Clinics Bandon, Co.Cork Telephone: Sliabh Luachra Veterinary Centre Mountbellew, Co Galway Telephone: Tubbercurry, Co.Sligo Telephone: Castle Veterinary Clinic Glasslyn Veterinary Clinic Killenaule Vets The Veterinary Hospital Church St, Castleisland, Co. Kerry Telephone: Bandon, Co Cork Telephone: Thurles, Co.Tipperary Telephone: Gorey, Co.Wexford Telephone: livestock matters Clonmel, Co.Tipperary Telephone: working together for a healthier future...