Analysis of 2016 CITES export quotas

Transcription

1 UNEP-WCMC technical report Analysis of 2016 CITES export quotas (Version edited for public release)

2 Analysis of 2016 CITES export quotas Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment, Directorate E - Global & Regional Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements, Brussels, Belgium Published May 2016 Copyright European Commission 2016 Citation UNEP-WCMC Analysis of 2016 CITES export quotas. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment centre of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. The Centre has been in operation for over 30 years, combining scientific research with policy advice and the development of decision tools. We are able to provide objective, scientifically rigorous products and services to help decisionmakers recognize the value of biodiversity and apply this knowledge to all that they do. To do this, we collate and verify data on biodiversity and ecosystem services that we analyse and interpret in comprehensive assessments, making the results available in appropriate forms for national and international level decision-makers and businesses. To ensure that our work is both sustainable and equitable we seek to build the capacity of partners where needed, so that they can provide the same services at national and regional scales. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP, contributory organisations or editors. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory organisations, editors or publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of a commercial entity or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by UNEP. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK Tel: UNEP promotes environmentally sound practices globally and in its own activities. Printing on paper from environmentally sustainable forests and recycled fibre is encouraged.

3 Contents Executive summary... 1 Table 1: New or increased quotas in 2016 that may require further review Introduction Taxa with new quotas in Taxa with increased quotas in Taxa with decreased quotas in Table 2: Taxa subject to newly established quotas in Table 3: Taxa subject to increased quotas in Table 4: Taxa subject to decreased quotas in

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5 Executive summary This report analyses the newly published 2016 CITES export quotas, to identify changes in quotas between 2015 and 2016, focussing on new quotas for a particular taxon/country/source/term combination and increases/decreases in quotas compared with the previous year (or the most recent quota in the previous five years). It highlights any cases that may require particular attention by the SRG and/or further in-depth review to assess how these changes might affect the conservation status of the taxon or its area of distribution. New or increased quotas that may require further review are summarised in Table 1. A final list of species for further in-depth review will be agreed, pending comments from the SRG. Table 1: New or increased quotas in 2016 that may require further review. Quota change Country Taxon Appendix /Annex 2016 quota Notes New Ethiopia Cercopithecus spp. II/B 40 live, 10 trophies Three species reported from Ethiopia. Two species Least Concern, one considered a synonym. Guyana Indonesia Eira barbara (Tayra) Galictis vittata (Allamand's grison) Morelia clastolepis (Moluccan python) III/C 60 live Quotas for 10 live individuals were published Categorised as Least Concern globally. III/C 60 live Quotas for 5 live individuals were published Categorised as Least Concern globally. II/B 45 live No decisions are in place for the species and the species has not been assessed by the. Suspension for wild M. boeleni from Indonesia. 1

6 Quota change Country Taxon Appendix /Annex 2016 quota Notes Morelia nauta (Tanimbar-island python) Morelia tracyae (Halmahera python) Increase Ethiopia Stigmochelys pardalis (Leopard tortoise) II/B 45 live No decisions are in place for the species and the species has not been assessed by the. Suspension for wild M. boeleni from Indonesia II/B 45 live No decisions are in place for the species and the species has not been assessed by the. Suspension for wild M. boeleni from Indonesia II/B 1000 live 100% increase from quota of 500 live individuals in Categorised as Least Concern globally. Article 4.6(b) suspensions are in place for three other range States. Indonesia Pelochelys signifera (Northern New Guinea giant softshell turtle) Gonystylus bancanus (Ramin) II/B 450 live 1150% increase from quota of 36 live in Species has not been assessed by the. II/B 7203 m 3 67% increase from quota of 4322m 3 in 2015, finished although previous quotas were higher (e.g. products: 8000 m 3 in 2010), Categorised as Vulnerable. mouldings, dowels, door leaf, plywood, etc. 2

7 Introduction Introduction This report analyses the 2016 CITES export quotas to identify any changes and to highlight any new or increased quotas that may warrant a review to determine the effects on the conservation status of the species concerned. National export quotas for CITES-listed taxa are an important tool to manage and monitor international wildlife trade. According to Resolution Conf (Rev. CoP15), the establishment or revision of an export quota should be based on a non-detriment finding (NDF) by the Scientific Authority of the exporting country, and the NDF should be reviewed annually. Once such annual quotas are established, the need for an NDF for each individual shipment of the species concerned is eliminated. The EU, through stricter measures outlined in the EU Wildlife Trade Regulations, requires an NDF by importing Member States and therefore monitors newly established quotas and changes to previous quota levels to assess the situation, where necessary, or to reassess SRG opinions or EU decisions. Similarly, by assessing the new quotas early each year, the SRG can advise on the treatment of anticipated import applications within the EU. Export quotas are usually established by each Party to CITES unilaterally on a voluntary basis, but quotas can also be set by the Conference of the Parties, or result from recommendations of the Animals and Plants Committees. To ensure that national quotas are effectively communicated and implemented on permits and certificates, countries should inform the CITES Secretariat when they establish national export quotas for CITES species (Resolution Conf (Rev. CoP16)). In turn, the Secretariat informs the Parties by publishing a list of national export quotas of which it has been informed on the CITES website ( Once published, quotas can also be accessed online via Species+ (speciesplus.net). Quotas generally relate to a calendar year (1 st January to 31 st December); however, since 2008 sturgeon quotas have related to a quota year (1 st March to last day of February). For species of Acipenseriformes, quotas should be established and communicated to the CITES Secretariat for meat and caviar from stocks shared between different Range States (Resolution Conf (Rev. CoP16)). Guidance on the Management of nationally established export quotas is available through Resolution Conf (Rev. CoP15). In 2016, quotas for non-acipenseriformes were first published on the CITES website on 03/04/2016 and updates were published on 04/04/2016, 08/04/ /04/2016, 13/04/2016 and 19/04/2016 (report finalised on 27/05/2016). No countries have communicated quotas for wildsourced Acipenseriformes for the period 1 st March th February 2017 at the time of writing (27 th May 2016). Therefore, as per the recommendations detailed in Resolution Conf (Rev. CoP16), if no quotas have been communicated to the CITES Secretariat by 31 st December of the previous year, the relevant range States have a zero quota until such time as they communicate their quotas in writing to the Secretariat and the Secretariat in turn informs the Parties. This report analyses the 2016 CITES export quotas to identify changes in quotas between 2015 and 2016 (or the most recent quota in the previous five years, including 2011) and to bring to the attention of the SRG cases where further review may be warranted to assess how these changes might affect the conservation status of the taxon or its area of distribution. 3

8 Introduction The report outlines: a) Quotas that were newly established in 2016 (i.e quotas for particular taxon/country/term/source combinations that have not previously been subject to a quota or have not been subject to a quota since 2011; b) Quotas that increased in 2016 compared with 2015 quotas (or compared with the most recent quota since 2011 if no quota was published in 2015). c) Quotas that decreased in 2016 compared with 2015 quotas (or compared with the most recent quota since 2011 if no quota was published in 2015). The national export quotas published on the CITES website are voluntary export quotas established by Parties, and their publication does not imply endorsement by the Secretariat. The published quotas may contain discrepancies as submitted by Parties, which may lead to some quotas erroneously being identified as new, increased or decreased quotas within this analysis. To identify quotas that may require further in-depth review, criteria such as the level of quota increase, time since last assessment by the SRG, listing information 1 and population status data are taken into consideration for those taxa subject to new or increased quotas The List of Threatened Species. Version Available at: [Accessed: 12/05/2016]. 4

9 Taxa with new quotas in Taxa with new quotas in 2016 New quotas established in 2016 that may potentially warrant further enquiries and, pending these, further in-depth review, include Cercopithecus from Ethiopia, Eira barbara and Galictis vittata from Guyana and three Morelia species from Indonesia. An overview of newly established quotas in 2016 is presented in Table 2. A number of new quotas were also published for species that have been recently reviewed, are subject to import restrictions or for captive born or bred/artificially propagated specimens. 1.1 New quotas that may warrant further review The following taxon/country combinations may potentially warrant a more in-depth review on the basis of newly established quotas in 2016: Cercopithecus spp./ethiopia: A new quota of 40 live individuals and 10 trophies was published for No previous quotas for live individuals have been published at the genus or species level; quotas for C. mitis trophies or skins have been published Three species are reported from Ethiopia - Cercopithecus albogularis, C. mitis and C. neglectus. There is a no opinion for C. mitis formed 05/09/2002 and a no opinion for C. neglectus formed 27/01/1999. Opinions have not been formed for C. albogularis. The considers C. albogularis to be a synonym of C. mitis; C. mitis and C. neglectus are categorised as Least Concern. Eira barbara (Tayra)/Guyana: A new quota of 60 live individuals was published for The previous quota for the species was 10 live individuals ( ). This Mustelidae species was listed in Appendix III by Honduras in 1987, and is categorised as Least Concern. Galictis vittata (Allamand's grison)/guyana: A new quota of 60 live individuals was published in The previous quota for the species was 5 live individuals ( ). This Mustelidae species was listed in Appendix III by Costa Rica in 1976, and is categorised as Least Concern. Morelia clastolepis (Moluccan python), M. nauta (Tanimbar-island python) and M. tracyae (Halmahera python)/indonesia: A new quota of 45 live individuals for each of these three species. No decisions are in place for these species, they are endemic to Indonesia and have not been assessed by the. Furthermore, an Article 4.6(b) suspension for wild M. boeleni from Indonesia has been in place since 24/09/2000. None of these species/country combinations have been reviewed previously for the SRG. 1.2 Previously reviewed species of potential concern The following species/country combinations may be of potential concern; however, they have been reviewed recently and therefore a review may not be necessary at this stage: Iguana iguana (Common iguana)/nicaragua: A new quota of 50 skins, wild-taken. Nicaragua also published quotas for 2000 live, captive-bred in 2015 and2016. The species has not been assessed by the. It was reviewed in 2013where it was found to be 5

10 Taxa with new quotas in 2016 widespread but vulnerable to exploitation, following which a no opinion i) 2 for wildsourced was formed. Candoia paulsoni (Paulson s bevel-nosed boa)/indonesia: A new quota of 180 live. Previous quotas of 1080 individuals were established for Candoia carinata from which C. paulsoni split following CITES CoP16. C. carinata has an Article 4.6(b) suspension for wild specimens from Indonesia in place since 04/09/2014. C. paulsoni was reviewed in ; it was found that overall, conservation status in the country was unclear. A no opinion ii) for wild-sourced was formed 06/12/2013. Various stony and soft coral species/malaysia (Sarawak): New quotas were published for nine species (Catalaphyllia jardinei VU, Cynarina lacrymalis NT, Diploastrea heliopora NT, Physogyra lichtensteini VU, Podabacia crustacea LC, Polyphyllia talpina LC, Sandalolitha robusta LC, Trachyphyllia geoffroyi NT, Tubipora musica NT). An overview of status and management of corals in Malaysia was produced in 2015, and trade levels were assessed for six of these species (all except Physogyra lichtensteini and Podabacia crustacea and Sandalolitha robusta). A no opinion ii) for these six species was formed on 25/01/2016 and was confirmed on. In addition, a no opinion ii) was formed for the genus Physogyra on 25/01/2016 and was confirmed on and there is a no opinion i) for Sandalolitha robusta formed on 02/12/2011. Various stony and soft coral genera/malaysia (Sarawak): New quotas were set for 43 genera of corals in the class Anthozoa. The 43 genus-level quotas include 390 species of which 6 were categorised as EN, 80 as VU, 105 as NT, 155 as LC, 19 as DD and 26 have not yet been assessed. Trade levels were assessed for these 43 genera in 2015, following which a no opinion ii) for 39 of the 43 genera was formed on 25/01/2016 and was confirmed on. No decision is in place for Dendrophyllia, and decisions for the additional three genera are as follows: no opinion ii) for Ctenactis formed 07/11/2014, no opinion ii) for Echinopora formed 25/01/2016, and no opinion i) for Plerogyra for wild specimens formed 07/11/2014. CITES Notification no. 2013/035 lists coral taxa where identification to genus level is acceptable; Malaysia published quotas for two genera (Euphyllia and Plerogyra) for which trade at the genus level is acceptable for dead specimens only. 1.3 New quotas for species subject to import restrictions The following three newly-established quotas in 2016 are for species/country combinations for which the EU has a current Article 4.6(b) suspension: Pandinus imperator (Emperor scorpion)/benin: Zero quota (suspension applies to wild and ranched) Amyda cartilaginea (Asiatic softshell turtle)/indonesia: skins and skin products. Indonesia has published high export quotas for live specimens since 2005; the quota was from but this was reduced to 1800 live in Cuora amboinensis (South Asian box turtle)/indonesia: skins and skin products. Indonesia has published high export quotas for live specimens since 2001; the quota was from but this was reduced to 5490 live in Manouria emys (Asian tortoise)/indonesia: 180 live Hippocampus barbouri (Barbour's seahorse)/indonesia: 8000 kg live Calumma tarzan (Tarzan chameleon)/madagascar: zero live 2 SRG opinions: No opinion i) no significant trade anticipated; No opinion ii) decision deferred; No opinion iii) referral to the SRG. 6

11 Taxa with new quotas in 2016 There were two newly-established quotas in 2016 for species/country combinations for which the EU has a current negative SRG opinion: Cyclemys dentata (Asian leaf turtle)/indonesia: skins and skin products Dogania subplana (Malayan softshell turtle)/indonesia: 2970 skins and skin products 1.4 Other quotas of note Increased quotas for Scleractinia live rock/substrate Scleractinia spp./malaysia (Sarawak): substrate - pieces of coral rock to which are attached invertebrates (of species not included in the CITES Appendices) and which are transported in water like live coral. Quota increased from ( for Peninsular Malaysia and for Sabah and Sarawak) substrate in Increased quotas for artificially propagated or captive born/bred specimens Loxocemus bicolor (Ground python) /Nicaragua: 300 live, captive-bred. No quotas since 2005; previously was 100 live, captive bred ( ). Brachypelma albopilosum (Curly-hair tarantula) /Nicaragua: 3000 live, captive-bred. 7

12 Taxa with increased quotas in Taxa with increased quotas in 2016 Increases in 2016 quotas compared with those established in previous years that may require further enquiries, and potentially further review, have been identified for Stigmochelys pardalis from Ethiopia and Pelochelys signifera from Indonesia. The full list of taxa for which quotas increased in 2016 is presented in Table 3. A number of increased quotas were also published for species that have been recently reviewed, are subject to import restrictions or for captive born or bred/artificially propagated specimens. 2.1 Increased quotas that may warrant further review The following taxon/country combinations may potentially warrant a more in-depth review on the basis of increased quotas in 2016: Stigmochelys pardalis (Leopard tortoise)/ethiopia: Ethiopia published a quota of 1000 live individuals, an increase of 100% on the 2015 quota. The species was assessed as Least Concern by the. There are no current or previous EU decisions for this species from Ethiopia, although Article 4.6(b) suspensions are currently in place for three other countries. Pelochelys signifera (Northern New Guinea giant softshell turtle)/indonesia: Indonesia published a quota of 450 live individuals, an increase from 36 individuals in previous years ( ). This species was listed in CITES Appendix II (Annex B) in 2003 at the genus level and has not yet been assessed by the. There are no current or previous EU decisions for this species. Gonystylus bancanus (Ramin)/Indonesia: Indonesia published a quota of 7203 m 3 of finished products: mouldings, dowels, door leaf, plywood, etc., an increase of 67% on the 2015 quota, although previous quotas were higher (e.g m 3 in 2010). The species was assessed as Vulnerable in 1998, but the listing is annotated as out of date. The genus was reviewed in 2009 following which a genus level decision for Gonystylus of no opinion iii) was formed on 12/03/2009. Member States reported imports in all years Previously reviewed species of potential concern The following species/country combinations may be of potential concern; however, they have been reviewed recently and therefore a review may not be necessary at this stage: Loxodonta africana (African elephant)/botswana: Botswana published a quota of 1000 tusks as trophies from 500 hunted animals, representing an increase of 25% on the 2014 quota of 800 tusks as trophies from 400 animals. The species was assessed as Vulnerable by the in This species/country combination was reviewed in 2012 on the basis of levels of trade Available information at that time indicated that trade was well managed and did not exceed quotas, and a positive opinion was formed on 23/02/2012 and confirmed on 03/09/2014. Plerogyra spp./malaysia (Sabah): Malaysia has published a quota of 600 live, wildtaken individuals (not level) for Sabah, an increase of 52% on the 2015 quota. Five species are reported from Malaysia, 3 DD, 2 NT. A no opinion i) for the 8

13 Taxa with increased quotas in 2016 genus Plerogyra for raw corals, wild specimens was formed on 07/11/2014. An overview of status and management of corals in Malaysia was produced in 2015, in which trade levels were assessed for numerous species including Plerogyra turbida (in which there was found to be no reported trade in live corals to the EU). 2.3 Increased quotas for species subject to EU import restrictions Eight species/country combinations with increased quotas in 2016 are subject to current Article 4.6(b) suspensions: Notochelys platynota (Malayan flat-shelled turtle)/indonesia: Quota increased by 80% to 810 live individuals Siebenrockiella crassicollis (Black marsh turtle)/indonesia: Quota increased by 34% to 6008 live individuals Trioceros deremensis (Usambara three-horned chameleon)/united Republic of Tanzania: Quota increased by 95% to 78 F1 specimens Trioceros fuelleborni (Poroto three-horned chameleon) /United Republic of Tanzania: Quota increased by 100% to 48 F1 specimens Trioceros werneri (Uzungwe three-horned chameleon)/united Republic of Tanzania: Quota increased by 25% to 50 F1 specimens Varanus albigularis (White-throated monitor)/united Republic of Tanzania: Quota increased by 1000% to 220 F1 specimens Cervus elaphus bactrianus/uzbekistan: Quota increased by 100% to 6 trophies: horn and skull, skin Ovis vignei (Bokharan deer) /Uzbekistan: Quota increased by 33% to 4 trophies: horn and skull, skin. [Note: Quota published for Ovis ammon severtzovi] Three species/country combination with increased quotas in 2016 are subject to current negative opinion by the SRG. Tillandsia xerographica/guatemala: Quotas increased by 135% to artificially propagated plants. Negative opinion formed on 03/12/2010 and confirmed on 07/02/ applies to artificially propagated specimens without cataphylls. Trioceros rudis (Coarse chameleon)/united Republic of Tanzania: Quota increased by 98% to 178 F1 specimens. Current negative opinion for F-born in captivity (F1 and subsequent) formed on 27/02/2014 Phelsuma parkeri (Pemba day gecko)/united Republic of Tanzania: Quota increased by 100% to 40 F1 specimens. Negative opinion for wild specimens formed on 16/10/ Other quotas of note Quotas for artificially propagated or captive born/bred specimens Increased quotas were published for 27 artificially propagated or captive born/bred specimens (% increase provided in brackets, see Table 3 for details): Ghana: Geochelone sulcata (African spurred tortoise) (60%) Guatemala: Tillandsia xerographica (135%) Nicaragua: Agalychnis callidryas (-eyed leaf frog) (17%) 9

14 Taxa with increased quotas in 2016 United Republic of Tanzania: Polihierax semitorquatus (African pygmy falcon) (40), Aldabrachelys gigantea (Aldabra giant tortoise) (10%), Chamaeleo dilepis (Flap-necked chameleon) (100%), Chamaeleo gracilis (Slender chameleon) (100%), Cordylus beraduccii (Maasai girdled lizard) (50%), Cordylus tropidosternum (Tropical spiny-tailed lizard) (1720%), Gongylophis colubrinus (Egyptian sand boa) (13%), Kinixys belliana (Bell's hinged-backed tortoise) (400%), Malacochersus tornieri (Crevice tortoise) (4%), Phelsuma dubia (Zanzibar day gecko) (100%), Trioceros bitaeniatus (Montane chameleon) (68%), Trioceros deremensis (Usambara three-horned chameleon) (95%), Trioceros fuelleborni (Poroto three-horned chameleon) (100%), Trioceros goetzei (Ilolo chameleon (90%), Trioceros incornutus (Ukinga hornless chameleon)(33%), Trioceros jacksonii (Jackson's three-horned chameleon) (47%), Trioceros melleri (Meller's chameleon) (103%), Trioceros rudis (Coarse chameleon) (98%), Trioceros tempeli (Tanzania mountain chameleon) (25%), Trioceros werneri (Uzungwe three-horned chameleon) (25%), Varanus albigularis (White-throated monitor) (1000%), Phelsuma parkeri (Pemba day gecko) (100%), Stigmochelys pardalis (Leopard tortoise) (22%) Uzbekistan: Testudo horsfieldii (210%) 10

15 Taxa with decreased quotas in Taxa with decreased quotas in 2016 A number of quotas published in 2016 have decreased compared to quotas published in previous years. A list of species for which quotas decreased in 2016 is presented in Table 4. In 2016, there were no examples of countries that had published quotas the previous year but not in Most countries published a similar number of quotas to the previous year, although Ghana published 9 quotas in 2016 compared with 12 in 2015, Thailand published 2 quotas in 2016 compared with 26 in 2015 and Uzbekistan published 20 quotas in 2016 compared with 26 in Decreased quotas for species subject to import restrictions Six species/country combinations with decreased quotas in 2016 are subject to current Article 4.6(b) suspensions: Amyda cartilaginea (Asiatic softshell turtle)/indonesia Candoia carinata (Solomon ground boa)/indonesia Cuora amboinensis(south Asian box turtle)/indonesia Indotestudo forstenii (Forsten's tortoise)/indonesia Liasis fuscus (Brown water python)/indonesia Varanus ornatus (Ornate monitor)/togo Nine species/country combinations with decreased quotas in 2016 are subject to current negative opinions by the SRG. Cyclemys dentate (Asian leaf turtle) /Indonesia: Negative opinion for wild specimens Dogania subplana (Malayan softshell Turtle)/Indonesia: Negative opinion for wild specimens) Euphyllia ancora (Anchor coral)/indonesia: Negative opinion for genus Euphyllia (formed 11/07/2000), although there is a positive opinion for live wild-sourced Euphyllia ancora (formed 07/11/2014) Euphyllia cristata (White grape coral /Indonesia: Negative opinion for wild-sourced (except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates) Heliofungia actiniformis (Mushroom coral)/indonesia: Negative opinion for wildsourced Loxodonta africana (African elephant)/mozambique: Negative opinion for wildsourced trophies Panthera leo (Lion)/Mozambique: Negative opinion for wild-sourced including hunting trophies Kinixys belliana (Bell's hinged-backed tortoise)/togo: Two decreased quotas in 2016, one for wild-taken and one for ranched. Negative opinion for wild-sourced and ranched 3.2 Other quotas of note Quotas for corals Malaysia (Sabah) published decreased quotas for six live, wild-taken coral species and 45 live wild-taken coral genera. 11

16 Taxa with decreased quotas in 2016 Quotas for artificially propagated or captive born/bred specimens Decreased quotas for artificially propagated or captive born/bred specimens were published by the United Republic of Tanzania for Cordylus ukingensis (Ukinga girdled lizard) and Trioceros laterispinis (Spine-sided chameleon). 12

17 Table 2. Taxa subject to newly established quotas in 2016 Table 2: Taxa subject to newly established quotas in List 2016 Quota Quota notes Notes 3 Ethiopia Cercopithecus I/II B 10 trophies Previous quotas set for individual species within the genus. Three species reported from Ethiopia (Cercopithecus albogularis, C. mitis and C. neglectus). The considers C. albogularis to be a synonym of C. mitis. C. mitis and C. neglectus both LC 40 live Three species reported from Ethiopia (Cercopithecus albogularis, C. mitis and C. neglectus). The considers C. albogularis to be a synonym of C. mitis. C. mitis and C. neglectus both LC Fiji Echinophyllia nishihirai II B NT 903 pieces, live or dead No opinion ii) for genus Echinophyllia for wild specimens 25/01/2016. Quota set for the genus in 2015 and Guyana Cuniculus paca III C LC 150 live Listing is for Honduras. No quota in the last 5 years; previously quota for 110 live individuals published Eira barbara III C LC 60 live Listing is for Honduras. No quota in the last 5 years; previously quota for 10 live individuals published Galictis vittata III C LC 60 live Listing is for Costa Rica. No quota in the last 5 years; previously quota for 5 live individuals published Nasua nasua III (ssp.) C (ssp.) LC 100 live Listing is for Uruguay and only applies to subspecies N. nasua solitaria, which does not occur in Guyana Potos flavus III C LC 150 live Listing is for Honduras. No quota in the last 5 years; previously quota for 110 live individuals published Crotalus durissus III C LC 150 live Listing is for Honduras. No quota in the last 5 years; previously quota for 150 live individuals published Indonesia Amyda cartilaginea II B VU skins and skin products In previous years quotas have only been published for live individuals; the quota was live individuals but this was reduced to 1800 live in Current Article 4.6(b) suspension since 03/09/2008 Candoia paulsoni II B 180 live Previous quotas of 1080 individuals were established for Candoia carinata from which C. paulsoni split following CITES CoP16. No opinion ii) for wild-sourced 06/12/2013 Cuora amboinensis II B VU skins and skin products In previous years quotas have only been published for live individuals: the quota was live individuals but this was reduced to 5490 live in Current Article 4.6(b) suspension since 03/09/2008 Cyclemys dentata II B LR/nt skins and skin products New quota for skins and skin products. Quotas for live individuals. Negative opinion for wild specimens 09/04/2015 Dogania subplana II B LR/lc 2970 skins and skin products New quota for skins and skin products. Quota for live individuals. Negative opinion for wild specimens 09/04/ SRG opinions are for wild-sourced specimens unless stated otherwise. No opinion i) no significant trade anticipated; No opinion ii) decision deferred; No opinion iii) referral to the SRG. 13

18 Table 2. Taxa subject to newly established quotas in 2016 List 2016 Quota Quota notes Notes 3 Liasis mackloti II B 90 live Quotas for 450 live individuals for the subspecies Liasis mackloti mackloti. Previous quota in 2010 for 450 live at the species level. Manouria emys II B EN 180 live No quota in the last 5 years; previously quota for 475 live individuals Current Article 4.6(b) suspension since 22/12/1997 Morelia clastolepis II B 45 live Morelia nauta II B 45 live Morelia tracyae II B 45 live Hippocampus barbouri II B VU 8000 kg live No quota in the last 5 years; previously quota of 8550, 8000 and 7650 live individuals in 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively. Current Article 4.6(b) suspension since 01/10/2007 Mycedium II B 1500 live Three species reported from Indonesia; all LC. Quota for 1500 live M. elephantotus in Scleractinia II B kg pieces of coral rock to which are attached invertebrates (of species not included in the CITES appendices and which are transported in water like live corals species reported from Indonesia: 216 LC, 144 NT, 158 VU, 11 EN, 1 CR, 54 DD and 224 not assessed. Quota in previous years for the same amount did not specify the unit kg. Madagascar Calumma tarzan II B CR 0 live Quotas for 0 Calumma furcifer (no term) which was subject to a taxonomic change at CITES CoP16. Current Article 4.6(b) suspension since 01/03/2003 Malaysia (Sarawak) Acanthastrea II B 750 live, wild-taken (not level) Acropora II B live, wild-taken (not level) Alveopora II B 1000 live, wild-taken (not level) Astreopora II B 1000 live, wild-taken (not level) Seven species reported from Malaysia: one LC, three NT, three VU. No opinion ii) for genus Acanthastrea wild 25/01/2016 and confirmed on 77 species reported from Malaysia: 18 LC, 18 NT, 25 VU, 12 DD 4 not assessed. No opinion ii) for genus Acropora wild 07/11/2016 and confirmed on Seven species reported from Malaysia:, two NT, three VU, two EN. No opinion ii) for genus Alveopora wild 25/01/2016 and confirmed on Eight species reported from Malaysia: six LC, one NT, one VU. No opinion ii) for genus Astreopora wild 25/01/2016 and confirmed on Blastomussa II B 850 live, wild-taken (not level) Two species reported from Malaysia: one LC, one NT. No opinion ii) for genus Blastomussa wild 25/01/2016 and confirmed on Catalaphyllia jardinei II B VU 720 live, wild-taken No opinion ii) for wild specimens 25/01/2016 and confirmed on Caulastraea II B 650 live, wild-taken (not level) Four species reported from Malaysia: one LC, one NT, two VU. No opinion ii) for genus Caulastraea for wild specimens 25/01/2016 and confirmed on

19 Table 2. Taxa subject to newly established quotas in 2016 List 2016 Quota Quota notes Notes 3 Malaysia (Sarawak) Coscinaraea II B 450 live, wild-taken (not level) cont confirmed on Ctenactis II B 750 live, wild-taken (not level) 15 Five species reported from Malaysia: three LC, two not assessed. No opinion ii) for genus Coscinaraea for wild specimens 25/01/2016 and Three species reported from Malaysia: two LC, one NT. No opinion ii) for genus Ctenactis for wild specimens 07/11/2014 and confirmed on Cycloseris II B 650 live, wild-taken (not level) One species reported from Malaysia: LC. No opinion ii) for genus Cycloseris for wild specimens 25/01/2016 and confirmed on Cynarina lacrymalis II B NT 850 live, wild-taken - No opinion ii) for wild specimens 25/01/2016 and confirmed on Cyphastrea II B 650 live, wild-taken (not level) Seven species reported from Malaysia: five LC, two VU. No opinion ii) for genus Cyphastrea for wild specimens 25/01/2016 and confirmed on Dendrophyllia II B 950 live, wild-taken (not One species reported from Malaysia (not assessed) level) Diploastrea heliopora II B NT 1200 live, wild-taken No opinion ii) for wild specimens 25/01/2016 and confirmed on Echinophyllia II B 5000 live, wild-taken (not level) Six species reported from Malaysia: five LC, one not assessed. No opinion ii) for genus Echinophyllia for wild specimens 25/01/2016 and Echinopora II B 1650 live, wild-taken (not level) Euphyllia II B 3200 live, wild-taken (not level) Favia II B 1350 live, wild-taken (not level) Favites II B 1250 live, wild-taken (not level) Fungia II B 2580 live, wild-taken (not level) Galaxea II B 1250 live, wild-taken (not level) Goniastrea II B 2500 live, wild-taken (not level) Goniopora II B 2800 live, wild-taken (not level) confirmed on Six species reported from Malaysia: three LC, three NT. No opinion ii) for genus Echinopora for wild specimens 25/01/2016 Nine species reported from Malaysia: three NT, five VU, one not assessed. No opinion ii) for genus Euphyllia for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed 15 species reported from Malaysia: six LC, eight NT, one VU. No opinion ii) for genus Favia for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed 11 species reported from Malaysia: one LC, ten NT. No opinion ii) for genus Favites for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed 21 species reported from Malaysia: 11 LC, 1 NT, 9 not assessed. No opinion ii) for genus Fungia for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Two species reported from Malaysia: one NT, one VU. No opinion ii) for genus Galaxea for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Eight species reported from Malaysia: five LC, three NT. No opinion ii) for genus Goniastrea for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed 15 species reported from Malaysia: nine LC, five NT, one VU. No opinion ii) for genus Goniopora for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed

20 Table 2. Taxa subject to newly established quotas in 2016 List 2016 Quota Quota notes Notes 3 Malaysia (Sarawak) Hydnophora II B 1500 live, wild-taken (not level) cont Leptastrea II B 550 live, wild-taken (not level) Leptoseris II B 750 live, wild-taken (not level) Lithophyllon II B 1100 live, wild-taken (not level) Lobophyllia II B 1290 live, wild-taken (not level) Montastrea II B 890 live, wild-taken (not level) Montipora II B 1100 live, wild-taken (not level) Oxypora II B 440 live, wild-taken (not level) Pachyseris II B 1120 live, wild-taken (not level) Pavona II B 1250 live, wild-taken (not level) 16 Four species reported from Malaysia: two LC, two NT. No opinion ii) for genus Hydnophora for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Five species reported from Malaysia: three LC, two NT. No opinion ii) for genus Leptastrea for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed 11 species reported from Malaysia: 9 LC, 2 VU. No opinion ii) for genus Leptoseris for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Three species reported from Malaysia: one LC, one NT, one EN. No opinion ii) for genus Lithophyllon for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Six species reported from Malaysia: four LC, one NT, one VU. No opinion ii) for genus Lobophyllia for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Six species reported from Malaysia: one LC, four NT, one VU. No opinion ii) for genus Montastrea for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed 41 species reported from Malaysia: 14 LC, 10 NT, 15 VU, 2 not assessed. No opinion ii) for genus Montipora for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Three species reported from Malaysia: all LC. No opinion ii) for genus Oxypora for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Four species reported from Malaysia: two LC, one NT, one VU. No opinion ii) for genus Pachyseris for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed 13 species reported from Malaysia: 1 DD, six LC, one NT, four VU, one not assessed. No opinion ii) for genus Pavona for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Pectinia II B 750 live, wild-taken (not level) Five species reported from Malaysia:, two NT, two VU, one DD. No opinion ii) for genus Pectinia for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Physogyra lichtensteini II B VU 750 live, wild-taken No opinion ii) for genus Physogyra for wild specimens 25/01/2016 Platygyra II B 1350 live, wild-taken (not level) Plerogyra II B 1580 live, wild-taken (not level) Pocillopora II B 2300 live, wild-taken (not level) confirmed Ten species reported from Malaysia: four LC, six NT. No opinion ii) for genus Platygyra for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Five species reported from Malaysia: two NT, three DD. No opinion i) for genus Plerogyra for raw corals wild 07/11/2014 Six species reported from Malaysia: four LC, one NT, one VU. No opinion ii) for genus Pocillopora for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Podabacia crustacea II B LC 550 live, wild-taken Polyphyllia talpina II B LC 1150 live, wild-taken No opinion ii) for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed

21 Table 2. Taxa subject to newly established quotas in 2016 List 2016 Quota Quota notes Notes 3 Malaysia (Sarawak) Porites II B live, wild-taken (not level) cont 25/01/2016 confirmed Psammocora II B 600 live, wild-taken (not level) Nicaragua species reported from Malaysia: 9 LC, 6 NT, 4 VU, 2 EN, 1 DD, 1 not assessed. No opinion ii) for genus Porites for wild specimens Eight species reported from Malaysia: five LC, two NT, one DD. No opinion ii) for genus Psammocora for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Sandalolitha robusta II B LC 340 live, wild-taken No opinion i) for wild specimens 02/12/2011 Scleractinia II B substrate - (pieces of coral rock to which are attached invertebrates (of species not included in the CITES Appendices) and which are transported in water like live coral) Scolymia II B 650 live, wild-taken (not level) Seriatopora II B live, wild-taken (not level) Siderastrea II B 1300 live, wild-taken (not level) Stylophora II B 1200 live, wild-taken (not level) 479 species reported from Malaysia:, 182 LC, 115 NT, 87 VU, 6 EN, 21 DD, 68 not assessed Two species reported from Malaysia: one LC, one NT. No opinion ii) for genus Scolymia for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Two species reported from Malaysia: one LC, one NT. No opinion ii) for genus Seriatopora for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed One species reported from Malaysia: LC. No opinion ii) for genus Siderastrea for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Three species reported from Malaysia: one LC, 1 NT, one not assessed. No opinion ii) for genus Stylophora for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Symphyllia II B 1850 live, wild-taken (not Five species reported from Malaysia: four LC, one VU. No opinion ii) for level) genus Symphyllia for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Trachyphyllia geoffroyi II B NT 850 live, wild-taken No opinion ii) for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Tubastraea II B 650 live, wild-taken (not level) Three species reported from Malaysia (not assessed). No opinion ii) for genus Tubastraea for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Tubipora musica II B NT 1200 live, wild-taken No opinion ii) for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Turbinaria II B 4500 live, wild-taken (not level) Six species reported from Malaysia: two LC, four VU. No opinion ii) for genus Turbinaria for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Distichopora II B 1800 live, wild-taken (not level) One species reported from Malaysia (Distichopora violacea) not assessed. No opinion ii) for genus Distichopora for wild specimens 25/01/2016 and confirmed on Millepora II B 2200 live, wild-taken (not level) Five species reported from Malaysia, all LC. No opinion ii) for genus Millepora for wild specimens 25/01/2016 confirmed Iguana iguana II B 50 skins, wild-taken No opinion i) for wild-sourced 07/02/2013

22 Table 2. Taxa subject to newly established quotas in 2016 List 2016 Quota Quota notes Notes 3 Loxocemus bicolor II B LC 300 live, captive-bred Previous quotas in 2001, 2003, 2004 & 2005 for 60, 250, 100 & 100 live, captive-bred individuals respectively Brachypelma II B 3000 live, captive-bred No opinion i) 07/12/2012 albopilosum Swietenia macrophylla II B VU 0 sawn wood CITES listing is for Neotropical Populations. Previous zero quotas did not specify a term. No opinion iii) for wild specimens 11/03/2011 Turkey Anguilla anguilla II B CR 0 wild-taken Previous zero quota did not specify a term. Negative opinion for wild specimens 15/09/2015 Cyclamen hederifolium II B tubers, wild-taken Previous quotas for artificially propagated tubers. Positive opinion 26/905/2008 confirmed 16/02/

23 Table 3. Taxa subject to increased quotas in 2016 Table 3: Taxa subject to increased quotas in List Quota notes Increase Botswana Loxodonta africana I/II A/B VU tusks as trophies from 500 hunted animals Democratic Republic of the Congo 200 compared to 2014 Panthera pardus I A NT 5 skins 4 compared to 2013 Ethiopia Stigmochelys pardalis II B LC live % Fiji Acrhelia horrescens II B pieces, live or dead 100 compared to 2014) % Increase Notes 4 25% Positive opinion for wild specimens 23/02/2012 confirmed on 03/09/2014. Quota in 2014 for 800 tusks as trophies from 400 animals. 400% Quota in 2013 for one skin, Quota of 5 skins in every year from % No opinion ii) for wild specimens genus Acrhelia 25/01/2016. Ghana Geochelone sulcata II B VU captive-bred % No opinion for wild and ranched 15/09/2008 Guatemala Tillandsia xerographica II B artificially propagated live plants % Negative opinion for artificially propagated plants. Plants without cataphylls 03/12/2010 confirmed on 07/02/2013 Indonesia Notochelys platynota II B VU live % Current Article 4.6(b) suspension since 03/09/2008 Pelochelys signifera II B live % Python reticulatus II B skins and skin products 540 <1% Positive opinion for wild specimens 09/04/2015 Siebenrockiella crassicollis II B VU live % Current Article 4.6(b) suspension for wild specimens since 10/05/2006 Gonystylus bancanus II B VU 4432 m m m 3 finished products: mouldings, dowels, door leaf, plywood, etc % No opinion iii) for genus Gonystylus 12/03/2009 Malaysia Plerogyra II B live, wild-taken (not identifiable to species level) - Sabah Nicaragua Agalychnis callidryas II B LC live, captive-bred % Togo Galago demidoff II B LC wild-taken 5 20% % Five species reported from Malaysia: 3 DD, 2 NT. No opinion i) for genus Plerogyra for raw corals wild specimens 4 SRG opinions are for wild-sourced specimens unless stated otherwise. No opinion i) no significant trade anticipated; No opinion ii) decision deferred; No opinion iii) referral to the SRG. 19

24 Table 3. Taxa subject to increased quotas in 2016 List Quota notes Increase % Increase Notes 4 II B LC F1 specimens 6 40% United Republic of Tanzania Polihierax semitorquatus Aldabrachelys gigantea II B F1 specimens 10 10% Chamaeleo dilepis II B LC F1 specimens % Positive opinion for wild specimens 14/09/2010 Chamaeleo gracilis II B LC F1 specimens % Positive opinion for wild specimens 29/02/2008 Cordylus beraduccii II B F1 specimens 5 50% Cordylus tropidosternum II B F1 specimens % Positive opinion for wild specimens 14/09/2010 Gongylophis colubrinus II B F1 specimens % No opinion ii) for F- born and captivity (F1 and subsequent) < 25cm 27/02/2014 and no opinion i) wild source 14/09/2010 Kinixys belliana II B F1 specimens % No opinion iii) for wild specimens 01/07/2004 Malacochersus tornieri II A VU live; only F1 40 4% specimens with a carapace length of 8 cm or less (Note: see Notif. 214/39) Phelsuma dubia II B LC F1 specimens % Positive opinion for wild specimens 29/02/2008 confirmed on 14/09/2010 Trioceros bitaeniatus II B LC F1 specimens 34 68% No opinion i) for F-born in captivity (F1 and subsequent) 23/06/1999 confirmed on 27/02/2014. Current positive opinion 29/02/2008 Trioceros deremensis II B LC F1 specimens 38 95% Current Article 4.6(b) suspension for wild specimens since 03/02/2001 Trioceros fuelleborni II B LC F1 specimens % Current Article 4.6(b) suspension since 10/05/2006 Trioceros goetzei II B LC F1 specimens 18 90% No opinion i) for F-born in captivity (F1 and subsequent) 02/12/2011 confirmed 02/12/2011 Trioceros incornutus II B LC F1 specimens 5 33% No opinion i) for F-born in captivity (F1 and subsequent) 02/12/2011 confirmed 02/12/2011 Trioceros jacksonii II B LC F1 specimens 35 47% Positive opinion for wild specimens 14/09/2010 and current positive opinion for F-born in captivity (F1 and subsequent) 23/06/

25 Table 3. Taxa subject to increased quotas in 2016 United Republic of Tanzania cont Uzbekistan List Quota notes Increase % Increase Notes 4 Trioceros melleri II B LC F1 specimens % No opinion i) for F-born in captivity (F1 and subsequent) 23/06/1999 confirmed 27/02/2014 and current positive opinion for wild specimens 14/09/2010 Trioceros rudis II B LC F1 specimens 88 98% Current negative opinion for F-born in captivity (F1 and subsequent) 27/02/2014 and current positive opinion for wild specimens 14/09/2010 Trioceros tempeli II B LC F1 specimens 15 25% No opinion i) for F-born in captivity (F1 and subsequent) 02/12/2011 Trioceros werneri II B LC F1 specimens 10 25% Current Article 4.6(b) suspension for wild specimens since 03/02/2001 Varanus albigularis II B F1 specimens % Current Article 4.6(b) suspension for wild specimens since 10/09/2012 Phelsuma parkeri II B LC F1 specimens % Negative opinion for wild specimens 16/10/2008 Stigmochelys pardalis II B LC F1 specimens % No opinion i) for wild specimens 14/09/2010 Cervus elaphus bactrianus II B 6 trophies: horn and skull, skin Ovis vignei I/II B VU trophies: horn and skull, skin. [Note: Quota published for Ovis ammon severtzovi 3 compared to 2013 Accipiter gentilis II A LC live, wild-taken 50 50% Milvus migrans II A LC live, wild-taken % 100% Current Article 4.6(b) suspension since 30/04/2004. Quota of 3 trophies: horn and skill, skin in 2013 and % Current Article 4.6(b) suspension for wild specimens since 03/09/2008 Testudo horsfieldii II B VU live, captive-bred % Positive opinion for ranched < 8 cm straight carapace length 08/12/2014, current no opinion i) for F-born in captivity (F1 and subsequent) 6-8 cm plastron length 27/09/2010 and current positive opinion for wild specimens 26/09/2006 confirmed on 14/09/

26 Table 4. Taxa subject to decreased quotas in 2016 Table 4: Taxa subject to decreased quotas in List Quota notes Decrease Benin Pandinus imperator II B 0 [Standing Committee recommendation to all Parties to suspend imports of specimens of Pandinus imperator (see Notif 215/63)] Democratic Republic of the Congo Psittacus erithacus II B VU wild-taken [Standing Committee recommendation to all Parties to suspend trade of specimens of African grey parrots (see Notif. 216/21)] 7000 ranched and 1000 wild compared to 2012 % Decrease Notes 5 100% Current Article 4.6(b) suspension for ranched since 03/09/2008 and for wild since 04/09/ % Positive opinion 13/06/2005 Ethiopia Colobus guereza II B LC live 30 30% No opinion 27/01/1999 Leptailurus serval II B LC 10 4 trophies 4 40% Positive opinion 05/09/2002 Fiji Acrhelia II B live or dead % No opinion ii) for genus Acrhelia for wild-sourced 25/01/2016 Echinophyllia II B pieces, live or dead % No opinion ii) for genus Echinophyllia wild-sourced 25/01/2016 Indonesia Amyda cartilaginea II B VU live % Current Article 4.6(b) suspension since 03/09/2008 Candoia aspera II B live 90 8% Current positive opinion for wildsourced 06/12/2013 Candoia carinata II B live % Current Article 4.6(b) suspension for wild-sourced since 04/09/2014 Crocodylus porosus II B LR/lc skins and skin % products/live, ranched Cuora amboinensis II B VU live % Current Article 4.6(b) suspension since 01/03/2003 Cyclemys dentata II B LR/nt live % Negative opinion for wild specimens 09/04/2015 Dogania subplana II B LR/lc live % Negative opinion for wild specimens 09/04/2015 Indotestudo forstenii II B EN live 15 10% Current Article 4.6(b) suspension for wild-sourced since 22/12/ SRG opinions are for wild-sourced specimens unless stated otherwise. No opinion i) no significant trade anticipated; No opinion ii) decision deferred; No opinion iii) referral to the SRG. 22