3 Fitzpatrick, J.W. & G.E. Woolfenden. Red-tailed hawk preys on juvenile gopher tortoises. FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST 6: 49

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1 TURTLE RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA Compiled by Earl D. McCoy, Henry R. Mushinsky, and Stephen A. Karl Integrative Biology Division University of South Florida Tampa, Florida Douglass, J.F. The mating system of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus in southern Florida. 79pp. MS THESIS 2 Wygoda, M.L. Terrestrial activity of the striped mud turtle, Kinosternon baurii, in seasonal hardwood swamp forest. 61pp. MS THESIS Fitzpatrick, J.W. & G.E. Woolfenden. Red-tailed hawk preys on juvenile gopher tortoises. FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST 6: Wygoda, M.L. Terrestrial activity of striped mud turtles, Kinosternon baurii (Reptilia, Testudines, Kinosternidae) in west-central Florida. JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 13: Gross, D.T. Reproductive biology of the stinkpot, Sternotherus odoratus, in a central Florida lake system. 91pp. MS THESIS 6 Hoffman, W. & T.H. Fritts Sea turtle distribution along the boundary of the Gulf Stream current off eastern Florida. HERPETOLOGICA 38: Bancroft, G.T., J.S. Godley, D.T. Gross, N.N. Rojas, D.A. Sutphen & R.W. McDiarmid. Largescale operations management test of use of the white amur for control of problem aquatic plants. The herpetofauna of Lake Conway: Species accounts. Miscellaneous Paper A-83-5, 304pp. US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS Linley, T.A. Tortoise density, age/size class distribution and reproductive parameters of a central Florida population of Gopherus polyphemus. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE GOPHER TORTOISE COUNCIL 5: Macdonald, L.A. The diet of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, in a sandhill habitat in central Florida. 44pp. MS THESIS Linley, T.A. Proximate organic composition and energy content of eggs and hatchlings of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus (Daudin). 43pp. MS THESIS

2 Kaczor, S.A. Effects of gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) disturbances on the microenvironment and vegetation of a Florida sandhill. 51pp. MS THESIS 12 Macdonald, L A. The diet of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, in a sandhill habitat in central Florida. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE GOPHER TORTOISE COUNCIL 6: Macdonald, L.A. & H.R. Mushinsky. Foraging ecology of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, in a sandhill habitat. HERPETOLOGICA 44: McCoy, E.D. & H.R. Mushinsky. The demography of Gopherus polyphemus (Daudin) in relation to size of available habitat. 71pp. FLORIDA GAME AND FRESH WATER FISH COMMISSION (Reissued 1995) Kaczor, S.A. & D.C. Hartnett. Gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) effects on soils and vegetation in a Florida sandhill community. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 123: Wilson, D.S. Activity patterns, burrow usage, and home range of juvenile gopher tortoises, Gopherus polyphemus. 43pp. MS THESIS McCoy, E.D. & H.R. Mushinsky. A survey of gopher tortoise populations residing on twelve state parks in Florida. Technical Report 1, 78pp. FLORIDA PARK SERVICE 18 Mushinsky, H.R. & DJ. Gibson. The influence of fire periodicity on habitat structure. In: S.S. Bell, E.D. McCoy & H.R. Mushinsky (Eds.), Habitat Structure: The Physical Arrangement of Objects In Space, pp CHAPMAN & HALL 19 Mushinsky, H.R. & E.D. McCoy. Vertebrate species composition of selected scrub islands on the Lake Wales Ridge of central Florida. 325pp. FLORIDA GAME AND FRESH WATER FISH COMMISSION (Reissued 1995) 20 Wilson, D.S. Estimates of survival for juvenile gopher tortoises, Gopherus polyphemus. JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 25: Wilson, D.S., H.R. Mushinsky & E.D. McCoy. Relationship between gopher tortoise body size and burrow width. HERPETOLOGICAL REVIEW 22: Witz, B.W., D.S. Wilson & M.D. Palmer. Distribution of Gopherus polyphemus and its vertebrate symbionts in three burrow categories. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 126: Karl, S.A., B.W. Bowen & J.C. Avise. Global population structure and male-mediated gene flow in the green turtle (Chelonia mydas): RFLP analysis of anonymous nuclear DNA regions. GENETICS 131: McCoy, E.D. & H.R. Mushinsky. Studying a species in decline: Changes in populations of the gopher tortoise on federal lands in Florida. FLORIDA SCIENTIST 55: McCoy, E.D. & H.R. Mushinsky. Rarity of organisms in the sand pine scrub habitat of Florida. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 6: McCoy, E.D. & H.R. Mushinsky. Studying a species in decline: Gopher tortoises and the dilemma of "correction factors." HERPETOLOGICA 48: Mushinsky, H.R. & D.S. Wilson. Seasonal occurrence of Kinsternon baurii on a sandhill in central Florida. JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 26: Witz, B.W., D.S. Wilson & M.D. Palmer. Estimating population size and hatchling mortality of Gopherus polyphemus. FLORIDA SCIENTIST 55: 14-19

3 Karl, S.A. & J.C. Avise. PCR-based assays of polymorphisms from anonymous single-copy nuclear DNA: Techniques and applications. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION 10: McCoy, E.D., H.R. Mushinsky & D.S. Wilson. Pattern in the compass orientation of gopher tortoise burrows at different spatial scales. GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LETTERS 3: Mushinsky, H.R. Florida's high-pine sandhill communities. FLORIDA WILDLIFE 47: Linley, T.A. & H.R. Mushinsky. Organic composition of eggs and hatchlings of Gopherus polyphemus. In: R.B. Bury & D.J. Germano (Eds.), Biology of North American Tortoises, Fish and Wildlife Research 13, pp NATIONAL BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 33 McCoy, E.D. & H.R. Mushinsky. Effects of fragmentation on the richness of vertebrates in the Florida scrub habitat. ECOLOGY 75: McCoy, E.D. & H.R. Mushinsky. Designing refuges for the Florida sand pine scrub habitat. In: D.A. Fralish (Ed.), Proceedings, North American Conference on Savannas and Barrens, pp ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY 35 Mushinsky, H.R. & L.A. Esman. Studying a species in decline: Observations of gopher tortoise burrows over time. FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST 22: Mushinsky, H.R. & E.D. McCoy. Comparison of gopher tortoise populations on islands and on the mainland in Florida. In: R.B. Bury & D.J. Germano (Eds.), Biology of North American Tortoises, Fish and Wildlife Research 13, pp NATIONAL BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 37 Mushinsky, H.R., D.S. Wilson & E.D. McCoy. Growth rate and sexual dimorphism of gopher tortoises in a central Florida population. HERPETOLOGICA 50: Wilson, D.S., H.R. Mushinsky & E.D. McCoy. Home range, activity, and burrow use of juvenile gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) in a central Florida population. In: R.B. Bury & D.J. Germano (Eds.), Biology of North American Tortoises, Fish and Wildlife Research 13, pp NATIONAL BIOLOGICAL SURVEY Aguirre, G., E.D. McCoy, H.R. Mushinsky, M.V. Santa Cruz, R.G. Collazo & G.C. Andreu (Eds.). Proceedings of North American Tortoise Conference. Publicaciones de la Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 2, 87 pp. SOCIEDAD HERPETOLOGICA MEXICANA 40 Brown, J.W. A study of the correlation between burrow size and degree of concealment for the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus. 26pp. HONOR'S THESIS 41 Karl, S.A., B.W. Bowen & J.C. Avise. Hybridization among the ancient mariners: Molecular genetic identification and characterization of marine turtle hybrids. JOURNAL OF HEREDITY 86: Kwiatkowski, P.A. & K. Connor. Physiology, genetics, and behavior of Gopherus polyphemus. In: G. Aguirre et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of North American Tortoise Conference, Publicaciones de la Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 2 (Aguirre et al. Eds.), pp SOCIEDAD HERPETOLOGICA MEXICANA 43 McCoy, E.D. Field techniques for studying North American tortoises. In: G. Aguirre et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of North American Tortoise Conference, Publicaciones de la Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 2 (Aguirre et al. Eds.), pp SOCIEDAD HERPETOLOGICA MEXICANA 44 Mushinsky, H.R. & E.D. McCoy. Ecology of the gopher tortoise. In: G. Aguirre et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of North American Tortoise Conference, Publicaciones de la Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 2 (Aguirre et al. Eds.), pp SOCIEDAD HERPETOLOGICA MEXICANA

4 Bowen, B.C. & S.A. Karl. Population genetics, phylography, and molecular evolution. In: P. Lutz (Ed.), Biology of Sea Turtles, pp CRC PRESS 46 Connor, K.M. Homing behavior and orientation in the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus. 39pp. MS THESIS 47 Ewert, M.A. & D.S. Wilson. Seasonal variation of embryonic diapause in the striped mud turtle (Kinosternon baurii) and general considerations for conservation planning. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2: Karl, S.A. Hybridization and taxonomy of marine turtles: Anonymous nuclear DNA sequence analysis. In: B.W. Bowen & W.N. Witzell (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation Genetics, NOAA Technical Memorandum, pp NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE 49 Karl, S.A. Application of anonymous nuclear loci to conservation biology. In: R. Wayne & T. Smith (Eds.), Molecular Genetic Approaches In Conservation, pp OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 50 McCoy, E.D., H.R. Mushinsky, R.A. Kluson & D.D. Schmutz. Establishing, describing, explaining, and testing the differences between vertebrate assemblages of disturbed and undisturbed upland fragments in central Florida. In: S.R. Richardson (Ed.), Proceedings, Ecosystem Restoration Workshop, pp FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF PHOSPHATE RESEARCH 51 Mushinsky, H.R. & E.D. McCoy. Habitat factors influencing the distribution of small vertebrates on unmined and phosphate-mined uplands in central Florida. 97 pp. FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF PHOSPHATE RESEARCH 52 Wilson, D.S. Nesting ecology and nest site selection in the striped mud turtle, Kinosternon baurii, in central Florida. 83pp. PHD DISSERTATION Foley, A.M. The first documented nesting by the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) along the southwest coast of Florida. FLORIDA SCIENTIST 60: Mushinsky, H.R., E.D. McCoy & D.S. Wilson. Patterns of gopher tortoise demography in Florida. In: J. Van Abbema (Ed.), Proceedings, International Conference on Conservation, Restoration, and Management of Tortoises and Turtles, pp NEW YORK TURTLE AND TORTOISE SOCIETY 55 Wilson, D.S. & H.R. Mushinsky. Species profile: Gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) on military installations in the southeastern United States. 35pp. US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS DePra, D.J. The temporal and spatial relationship of gopher tortoise burrows with soils, canopy cover and microtopography. 119pp. HONOR'S THESIS 57 Foley, A.M. The nesting ecology of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) in the Ten Thousand Islands, Florida. 164pp. PHD DISSERTATION 58 Roberts, M.A. Global population structure and male-mediated gene flow in the green turtle (Chelonia mydas): Microsatellite analysis. 45pp. MS THESIS 59 Wilson, D.S. Nest-site selection: Microhabitat variation and its effects on the survival of turtle embryos. ECOLOGY 79: Bowen, B.W. & S.A. Karl. In war, truth is the first casualty. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 13:

5 61 Karl, S.A. & B.W. Bowen. Evolutionary significant units versus geopolitical taxonomy: Molecular systematics of an endangered sea turtle (genus Chelonia). CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 13: McCoy, E.D. & H.R. Mushinsky. Habitat fragmentation and the abundances of vertebrates in the Florida scrub. ECOLOGY 80: Shrader-Frechette, K.S. & E.D. McCoy. Molecular systematics, ethics, and biological decisionmaking under uncertainty. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 13: Wilson, D.S., H.R. Mushinsky & E.D. McCoy. Nesting behavior of the striped mud turtle, Kinosternon baurii (Testudines: Kinosternidae). COPEIA 1999: Bowen B.W. & S.A. Karl. Meeting report: Taxonomic status of the east Pacific green turtle (Chelonia agassizi). MARINE TURTLE NEWSLETTER 89: McCoy, E.D., H.R. Mushinsky, R.A. Kluson & C.A. Keller. Assessing wildlife usage of reclaimed phosphate-mined lands and unmined lands. PROCEEDINGS, AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR SURFACE MINING AND RECLAMATION 17: Karl, S.A. & D.S. Wilson. Phylogeography and systematics of the mud turtle, Kinosternon baurii. COPEIA 2001: Mushinsky, H.R. & E.D. McCoy. Habitat factors influencing the distribution of small vertebrates on unmined and phosphate-mined flatlands in central Florida. FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF PHOSPHATE RESEARCH, 143pp. 69 Stilson, T. The foraging ecology of juvenile gopher tortoises, Gopherus polyphemus. 68pp. MS THESIS 70 Wilson, D.S. & S.A. Karl. Genetic relatedness of populations of the mud turtle, Kinosternon baurii, from mainland Florida and the upper and lower Florida Keys. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 4: McCoy, E.D., B. Stys & H.R. Mushinsky. A comparison of GIS and survey estimates of gopher tortoise habitat and numbers of individuals in Florida. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 4: Colson-Moon, J.A. Reproductive characteristics, multiple paternity, and mating system in a central Florida population of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus. 69pp. MS THESIS 73 Mushinsky, H.R., T.A. Stilson & E.D. McCoy. Diet and dietary preference of the juvenile gopher tortoise. HERPETOLOGICA 59: Samreny, A. Monitoring Gopherus polyphemus, the only true land tortoise east of the Mississippi: Determination of the most effective transect method to estimate population size of the gopher tortoise. 19pp. HONORS THESIS 75 Schwartz, TS. Population structure of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) in Florida using microsatellites. 127pp. MS THESIS 76 Schwartz, T.S., M. Osentoski, T. Lamb & S.A. Karl. Microsatellite loci for the North American tortoises (genus Gopherus) and their applicability to other turtle species. MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES 3: Bass, A.L., S.P. Epperly & J. Braun-McNeill. Multi-year analysis of stock composition of a loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) foraging habitat using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. CONSERVATION GENETICS 5:

6 78 Bowen, B.W., A.L. Bass, S.M. Chow et al. Natal homing in juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta). MOLECULAR ECOLOGY 13: Roberts, M., T. Schwartz & S.A. Karl. Global population structure and male-mediated gene flow in the green turtle (Chelonia mydas): Microsatellite analysis. GENETICS 166: Seminoff, J.A., S.A. Karl, T. Schwartz & A. Resendiz. Hybridization of Chelonia mydas and Eretmochelys imbricata in the Pacific Ocean: Indication of an absence of gender bias in the directionality of crosses. BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE 73: Tracy, C.R., R. Averill-Murray, W.I. Boarman, D. Delehanty, J.S. Heaton, E.D. McCoy, D.J. Morafka, K. Nussear, B. Hagerty & P. Medica. Desert Tortoise Recovery Plan Assessment. 254pp. US FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Bowen, B.W., A. L. Bass, L. Soares & R. J. Toonen. Conservation implications of complex population structure: Lessons from the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta). MOLECULAR ECOLOGY 14: Keller, C. Assessment of resource selection using remote sensing and GIS for two vertebrates: The gopher tortoise and the North Atlantic right whale. PHD DISSERTATION 84 McCoy, E.D., H.R. Mushinsky & J.K. Lindzey. Population consequences of upper respiratory tract disease for the gopher tortoise. 44pp. FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION 85 Riedl, S.C., K. Stiles, H.R. Mushinsky & E.D. McCoy. Effects of trnslocation on resident and translocated gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus Daudin) at Brooker Creek Preserve and seasonal cycles of sex and stress hormones. 21pp. PINELLAS COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 86 Schwartz, T.S. & S.A. Karl. Population and conservation genetics of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). CONSERVATION GENETICS 6: Wilson, D.S. Kinosternon baurii (Garman 1891), striped mud turtle. In A. G. J. Rodin & P. Pritchard (Eds), Conservation Biology and Conservation Status of Freshwater Turtles of the World. IUCN/SCC TORTOISE AND FRESHWATER TURTLE SPECIALISTS GROUP McCoy, E.D., H.R. Mushinsky & J.K. Lindzey. Population declines of the gopher tortoise on protected lands. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 128: Moon, J.C., E.D. McCoy, H.R. Mushinsky & S.A. Karl. Multiple paternity and breeding systems in the gopher tortoise. JOURNAL OF HEREDITY 97: Mushinsky, E.D. & E.D. McCoy. The gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, an underground engineer. REPTILIA 49: Mushinsky, H.R., E.D. McCoy, J.S. Berish, R.E. Ashton & D.S. Wilson. Gopherus polyphemus gopher tortoise. In: Biology and Conservation of Florida Turtles, pp CHELONIAN RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS 3 92 Riedl, S. The effects of translocation on movements, reproductive activity, and body condition of resident and translocated gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) in central Florida. 39pp. MS THESIS 93 Wilson, D.S., H.R. Mushinsky & E.D. McCoy. Kinosternon baurii striped mud turtle. In: Biology and Conservation of Florida Turtles, pp CHELONIAN RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS Ashton, R., P. Ashton, J. Berish, B. Blihovde, B. Bolt, S. Hermann, C. Guyer, E. Jacobson, E.D. McCoy, H.R. Mushinsky & W. Thompson. Gopher tortoise management plan relocation issue scientific review. 7pp. FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

7 95 Basiotis, K. The effects of invasive cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) on the threatened gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). 40pp. MS THESIS 96 Hudson, P., K. Berry, C.R. Tracy, E.D. McCoy, K. Ralls, M. Reed & R. Steidl. Understanding disease in desert tortoise populations: A brief summary of knowledge and recommendations pertinent to conservation. 12pp. US FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 97 McCoy, E.D., H.R. Mushinsky & J.K. Lindzey. Conservation strategies and emergent diseases: The case of upper respiratory tract disease in the gopher tortoise. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 6: Robbins, K. Spatially-explicit habitat suitability analysis of juvenile gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus). 93pp. MS THESIS Durbin, D., S. Gonzalez, K. Robbins, N. Halstead, H.R. Mushinsky & E.D. McCoy. Wildlife habitat and wildlife utilization of phosphate-mined lands. FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF PHOSPHATE RESEARCH 100 Enge, K.M., J.E. Berish, R. Bolt, A. Dziergowski & H.R. Mushinsky. Biological status report: Gopher tortoise. FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION 101 McCoy, E.D. A data aggregation problem in studies of upper respiratory tract disease in the gopher tortoise. HERPETOLOGICAL REVIEW 102 McCoy, E.D. & K.S. Berry. Using an Ecological Ethics framework to make decisions about the relocation of wildlife. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 103 McCoy, E.D., H.R. Mushinsky & R.D. Moore. A future with small populations of the gopher tortoise. HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 104 Riedl, S.C., H.R. Mushinsky & E.D. McCoy. Translocation of the gopher tortoise: Difficulties associated with assessing success. APPLIED HERPETOLOGY