An Unidentified Sporozoan Encephalomyelitis in Sheep
|
|
- Arnold Watson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Vet. Path. 11: 1-12 (1974) An Unidentified Sporozoan Encephalomyelitis in Sheep W. J. HARTLEY and W. F. BLAKEMORE Department of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camden; and Wellcome Laboratory for Comparative Neurology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Abstract. Severe encephalomyelitis with myelomalacia in two young sheep was associated with an unidentified sporozoan parasite that was passing through a schizogonic cycle in astrocytes. Mature merozoites were 5-7 urn in length, had a conoid, subpellicular microtubules, paired organelles and many micronemes. Their morphology is compared with that of Toxoplasma and other related sporozoans. The apparent absence of gametogony suggests that the schizogonic cycle in the central nervous system could be an aberrant dead-end cycle. There are many well-recognized bacterial and viral infections that cause encephalomyelitis in sheep [7]. A protozoan parasite suspected of being Toxoplasma gondii has also been seen in isolated cases of ovine encephalomyelitis [5, 12, 16]. COLE et al. [I] described toxoplasmosis in sheep characterized by respiratory and neurological signs, and KOESTNER and COLE [9] described the neural lesions. Isolated cysts, morphologically resem bling Sarcocystis are occasionally seen in ovine brain but are not associated with any host reaction [4, 17]. The present paper reports a severe encephalomyelitis and myelomalacia in two sheep, which was associated with an unidentified protozoan parasite. Field Observations Case I. A 6-month-old Suffolk ram lamb from Tasmania had been artificially reared and had gradually become unthrifty with diarrhoea. It then developed posterior incoordination followed by general incoordination, apparent blindness, periodic head jerking, and leg biting. The only significant finding on autopsy was a heavy infestation with Cysticercus tenuicollis.
2 2 HARTLEYIBLAKEMORE Case II. A 5-month-old stud Dorset Horn ewe lamb from New South Wales had shown progressive posterior incoordination over a period of 3 weeks and finally complete flaccid paralysis of its hind quarters. On the same property at least six other sheep between 2 months and 3 years of age had shown signs of incoordination during the preceding 8 months, and all had made a gradual recovery. Materials and Methods The brain and cord from both of these sheep were fixed in 10% formalin. For histological examination blocks were taken at six representative levels of brain and four of cord from each sheep. These were processed by the usual methods and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections were routinely stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE), and selected sections of cord were stained by one or more of the following techniques; Luxolfast blue, periodic acid-schiff (PAS), haematoxylin, Giemsa, and Gram. Six years later small portions of formalin-fixed cord from both cases were taken for electron microscopy. These were osmicated in osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in araldite. Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined at 50 kv in an Hitachi HS electron microscope. Serum samples were taken from 20 healthy lambs in contact with the sheep in case I and from six previously affected and six unaffected sheep in contact with the sheep in case II. These sera were examined for Toxoplasma dye test antibodies. Results Light Microscopy Brain. In both cases there was a universal moderate to severe nonsuppurative subacute meningoencephalitis affecting grey and white matter and characterized by disseminated microglial nodules and perivascular cuffing. In the mid- and posterior brain stem, but apparently not elsewhere, there were scattered clumps of an intracytoplasmic protozoan parasite in various stages of development. In case II there was one large cyst in the mid-brain stem morphologically indistinguishable from Sarcocystis tenella. Cord. At all levels there were widespread focal lesions of malacia affecting the white matter. In case I these lesions were recent and were associated with only a few gitter cells and mild perivascular cuffing (fig. 1), whereas in case II Fig. 1. Case 1. Spinal cord. A large area of recent malacia in the peripheral white matter with early gliosis and perivascular cuffing. Giemsa. Fig. 2. Case II. Spinal cord. A large area of relatively old standingmalacia of peripheral white matter with extensive replacement gliosis. HE.
3 Sporozoan Encep ha lomye litis 3
4 4 HARTLEy/BLAKEMORE the malacic areas were largely replaced by gitter cells in association with pronounced perivascular cuffing and gliosis (fig. 2). In both cases there was a moderate diffuse gliosis and perivascular cuffing of grey matter. Many clumps of intracellular parasites were present, in both grey and white matter, together with scattered free forms. Dorsal root ganglia and spinal nerves were unaffected. Parasite. The parasite was identified in many cells, particularly in the white matter of the cord, where it was undergoing an apparent developmental cycle. The earliest stage recognized was a distinct intracytoplasmic circular body, about 10 urn in diameter that, in HE-stained sections, was pale bluepurple with one or two small dark purple inclusions. As the body increased in size the cytoplasm became darker and the purple inclusions more numerous (fig. 3). At a later stage the purple inclusions became bigger and much less dense. Finally the intracytoplasmic body, which was now about 40 urn in diameter, consisted of 25 or more distinct elongated parasites about 5 flm in length, having an eosinophilic cytoplasm and a fairly dense purple nucleus. Not infrequently these parasites occurred also in rosette formation. One host cell contained an intracytoplasmic clump of parasites that were only 2 urn long. The parasites did not stain more distinctly with Giemsa, and they did not take up the Gram stain. An occasional clump of mature parasites was associated with PAS-positive granules. Electron Microscopy The developmental forms of the parasite were identical in both cases and were mainly in the cytoplasm of hypertrophic astrocytes, sometimes apparently free in the parenchyma and occasionally in macrophages. The blue bodies seen under the light microscope consisted of an intracytoplasmic mass, bounded by a double membrane, containing mitochondria, micronemes, chromatin-like condensations, and many ribosomes. At a later stage there was focal condensation of chromatin-like material to form circular membrane-bound structures (nuclei precursors) (fig.4). Still later there was invagination of the surrounding outer cell membrane to take in a nucleus and other cytoplasmic elements to form a colony of immature daughter parasites (fig. 5). Further development of the colony was associated, in some instances at least, with the peripheral migration of the contained parasites to form a rosette within the cytoplasm of the astrocyte. At this stage the double outer cell
5 Sporozoan Encepha lomye litis 5 a b d e ---_... / Fig. 3. Cases I and II. Spi nal cord. Various stages in the intracy top lasmic developm ent of the parasite. HE.
6 4 5 Fig. 4. Early schizont within a n astrocyte. Fig. 5. Later schizont with invaginati on of the outer memb rane to form dau ght er cells.
7 6 Fig. 6. Maturing pa rasite s in rosett e forma tion with one still a tta ched to a cen tral residual body. Fig. 7. Mature schizo nt con ta ining mero zoites. 7
8 8 HARTLEy /BLAKEMORE a b Fig. 8. Merozoites. C = conoid ; Er = endo plasmic reticulum ; Mn micronemes ; Mt = subpellicular micro tubules ; N = nucleus; PO = paired orga nelles; PP = posterior pore. a Immatur e merozoite fro m a rosette. b Mature merozoite. membran e of the par asite was complete except at its posterior end, where its cytopl asm was co ntinuous with the rem aining undifferentiated cytoplasm at the centre of the rosette. The par asites themselves conta ined a deve loping co no id, micronemes, mitochondria, man y free ribosomes, and posteriorly large aggregate s of spira lly arranged rough endoplasmic reticulum. At a slightly later sta ge of development the outer cell membrane of the par asites was complete, except in one instance in which the parasite was still connected posteriorly to what was prob ab ly a residual body (fig. 6). The latter was membrane-bound and co ntained numerous various-sized vesicles, mit ochondria a nd ribo somes. T he maturing parasites now had subpellicular microtubules, more microneme s, less rou gh endo plas mic reticulum, occasional large vesicles, but no evidence of paired or gan elles (fig. 8a).
9 Spo rozoan Encepha lomye litis 9 Fig, 9. Parts of mature merozoites. C = conoid; Me = mit ochon dri a; Mn = micronernes ; Mv = microvi lli ; PO = paired or ganelles ; N = nucleus. T he next stage was a co lony of mature parasite s (fig. 7) ind iscriminately a rra nged within the cyto plasm of th e host cell. T he intracytop lasmic mat ure individu al pa rasite was S- 7 1lm lo ng a nd m wide (fig. 8b). T he a nterior end was always d istend ed as co mpa red with th e poster ior extremity, and the nucleus was situa ted posteri orly. Th ere was a well-developed striated pellicle with ap prox ima te ly 24 subpellicular micro tubules. T here was a lso a distinct spira l cono id, a posterior pore, at least two sets of pair ed or ga nelles, lar ge mit ochondria, free rib osom es and some ro ugh endo plasmic ret iculum (fig. 8, 9). Th ere were also numer ou s micronernes lar gely co nfined to t he anterior half of th e parasite. Most of th ese struct ures were of uni form moderate electro n de nsity but so me, pa rticularly in the imm atu re merozo ites (fig. 8a), had distinct co nce ntric ba nd s of low a nd high electron den sity. No micr opore and no Golgi a ppa ra tus co uld be pos itive ly ide nt ified. T he cytop lasm co nta ining these mature parasites co n ta ined nume ro us elonga ted micro villi (fig. 9). At no stage of development was th ere evide nce of a definite parasito ph orus vac uo le.
10 10 HARTLEy/BLAKEMORE Serology Two of the 20 sera taken from lambs in contact with the sheep in case I had low positive Toxoplasma dye test titres of I :64. None of six sheep previously showing neurologic signs had titres, and only one of six others in contact with the sheep in case II had a low positive titre of I :64. Discussion The morphologic observations on this ovine parasite indicate that it goes through a complete schizogonic cycle in astrocytes with the production of numerous merozoites. It can thus be ascribed to the class Sporozoa. The mature merozoites have many of the ultrastructural characteristics of the trophozoites of Toxoplasma [15]; however, they differ somewhat from the merozoites produced by Toxoplasma in the cat small intestine [14]. As schizogony with oocyst formation has, to date, been found only in Felidae [8, II] and only in the small intestine and bile ductules [3,6], it is likely that the schizogonic cycle we saw in the central nervous system (CNS) of sheep was not caused by Toxoplasma. This view is confirmed by the very low incidence of antibodies to Toxoplasma in affected and unaffected in-contact sheep. Our merozoites also have many of the ultrastructural features of the merozoites of several other sporozoans including Coccidia, Besnoitia and Sarcosporidia, The presence of a presumed S. tenella cyst in the brain of one of our sheep is worthy of comment because of their rarity in the CNS. Recent experimental work from Germany [13] has indicated that S. tenella derived from sheep oesophagus undergoes a cycle similar to that of Toxoplasma in the intestine of cats. To date, however, no detailed account of the morphology of the intestinal schizogonic cycle has been published. In view of the unusual location of the schizogony and since there was minimal evidence of a gametogonic cycle - one possible clump of microgametocytes - it seems likely that our cases represent an aberrant dead-end cycle of a known ovine sporozoan, rather than infection by a new species. Because of the close similarity of the late schizogonic stages of our parasite with the trophozoite and early cystozoite stages of Toxoplasma it is probable that these two parasites have been confused. The first account of a field case of ovine Toxoplasma encephalomyelitis [12] describes a sporadic case in an adult sheep in the United States. In that case the inflammatory lesions were far more severe in the cervical and thoracic cord than in the brain and were associated with 'cyst-like structures with the typical morphology of
11 Sporozoan Encephalomyelitis 11 Toxoplasma', including some in rosette formation. As that case has many features in common with ours, it is conceivable that all three sheep were affected by the same parasite. CORNER et al. [2] reported a severe disease outbreak in dairy cows in Canada that was associated with disseminated infection by a Toxoplasma-like organism parasitizing vascular endothelium; however, the authors were not able to confirm infection by this parasite by serological and biological methods. LAINSON [10] has reported two intracellular protozoan parasites, one from the nine banded armadillo from British Honduras, and the other from a calf in England. He considered that both were undergoing schizogony in a variety of ti ssues but not gametogony. Several years ago, one of us (W.]. H.) had the opportunity to examine histological sections derived from the animals in both the Canadian and English cases. A comparison between these bovine cases and our ovine cases indicated that all developmental forms of the parasites, no matter in which tissue they occurred, had a closely similar morphology. Whether they represent one species of sporozoan or a number of related ones is unknown. Acknowledgements The authors thank Mr. B. L. MUNDAY and Miss J. C. KATER, respectively, of the Tasmanian and New South Wales Departments of Agriculture for referring these cases; Mr. K. MCWILLIAM who prepared the histological sections; and Dr. J. K. FRENKEL of the University of Kansas Medical Center and Prof. E. SCHOLTYSECK of the University of Bonn for their assistance. Dr. BLAKEMORE was supported in part by the National Fund for Research into Crippling Diseases and by the Wellcome Trust. References 1 COLE, C. R.; SANGER, Y. L.; FARRELL, R. L., and KORDER, J. D.: The present status of toxoplasmosis in veterinary medicine. Nth amer. Yet. 35: (1954). 2 CORNER, A.H.; MITCHELL, D.; MEADS, E.B., and TAYLOR, P.A.: Dalmeny disease. An infection ofcattle presumed to be caused by an unidentified protozoan. Canad. vet. J. 4: (1963). 3 DUBEY, J. P. and FRENKEL, J. K.: Cyst induced toxoplasmosis in cats. J. Protozool. /9: (1972). 4 HARTLEY, W. J.: Unpubl. observations.
12 12 HARTLEy/BLAKEMORE 5 HARTLEY, W. J. and KATER, J. c.: Observations on diseases of the central nervous system of sheep in New Zealand. New Zeald vet.j.10: (1962). 6 HUTCHISON, W. M. and DUNACHIE, J. F.: The life cycle of the coccidian parasite Toxoplasma gondii in the domestic cat. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 65: (1971). 7 INNES, J. R. M. and SAUNDERS, L. Z.: Comparative neuropathology, pp. 345, 508, 514 (Academic Press, New York 1962). 8 JEWELL, M. L.; FRENKEL, J. K.; JOHNSON, K. M., and RUIZ, A.: Development of Toxoplasma oocysts in neotropical Felidae. AmeLJ. trop. Med. Hyg. 21: (1972). 9 KOESTNER, A. and COLE, C. R.: Neuropathology of ovine and bovine toxoplasmosis. AmeLJ. vet. Res. 22: (1961). 10 LAINSON, R.: A note on Sporozoa of undetermined taxonomic position in an armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus edentata ) and a heifer calf (Bos taurus). J. Protozool. 19: (1973). II MILLER, N. L.; FRENKEL, J. K., and DUBEY, J. P.: Oral infections with Toxoplasma cysts and oocysts in felines, other mammals and in birds. J. Parasit. 58: (1972). 12 OLAFSON, P. and MONLUX, W.S.: Toxoplasma infection in animals. Cornell Vet. 32: (1942). 13 ROMMEL, M. VON und HEYDERN, A. 0.: Beitrage zum Lebenszyklus der Sarkosporidien. I. Die Sporozyste von S. tenella in den Fazes der Katze. Berl. Munch. tierarztl, Wschr, 85: (1972). 14 SHEFFIELD, H.G.: Schizogony in Toxoplasma gondii: an electron microscope study. Proc. helm. Soc., Wash. 37: (1970). 15 SHEFFIELD, H.G. and MELTON, M.L.: The fine structure and reproduction of Toxoplasma gondii. J. Parasit. 54: (1968). 16 WICKHAM, N. and CARRE, H.R.: Toxoplasmosis in domestic animals in Australia. Austr. vetj. 26: 1-3 (1950). 17 ZLOTNIK, I.: Toxoplasma in sheep. Lancet ii: 295 (1959). Request reprints from: W.J. HARTLEY, Department of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camden, 2570 NSW (Australia)
HISTOPATHOLOGY. Introduction:
Introduction: HISTOPATHOLOGY Goats and sheep are the major domestic animal species in India. Much of the economy of the country has been depend upon the domestication of these animals. Especially economy
More informationPLASMODIUM MODULE 39.1 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES 39.2 MALARIAL PARASITE. Notes
Plasmodium MODULE 39 PLASMODIUM 39.1 INTRODUCTION Malaria is characterized by intermittent fever associated with chills and rigors in the patient. There may be enlargement of the liver and spleen in the
More informationBiology of toxoplasmosis
1 Biology of toxoplasmosis E. Petersen 1 and J. P. Dubey 2 1 Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen, Denmark 2 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, USA History Toxoplasma gondii is a coccidium, with
More informationProtozoan Parasites: Lecture 20 - Heteroxenous Coccidia - Part 1 Pages 39-51
Protozoan Parasites: Lecture 20 - Heteroxenous Coccidia - Part 1 Pages 39-51 Tissue cyst -forming Coccidia General Taxonomy Apicomplexa Heteroxenous Two host life cycles Asexual & sexual reproduction Intestinal
More informationPhylum:Apicomplexa Class:Sporozoa
Phylum:Apicomplexa Class:Sporozoa The most characteristic features of sporozoa are 1-unique appearance of most protozoa makes it possible for knowledge able person to identifiy them to level of genus and
More informationA:Malaria (Plasmodium species) Plasmodium falciparum causes malignant tertian malaria P. malariae: causes Quartan malaria P. vivax: causes benign
A:Malaria (Plasmodium species) Plasmodium falciparum causes malignant tertian malaria P. malariae: causes Quartan malaria P. vivax: causes benign tertian malaria P. ovale: causes benign tertian malaria
More informationUltrastructure of Endogenous Stages of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae Yakimoff & Rastegaieff, 1930 Emend. Levine, 1961 in Experimentally Infected Goat
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 92(4): 533-538, Jul./Aug. 1997 Ultrastructure of Endogenous Stages of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae Yakimoff & Rastegaieff, 1930 Emend. Levine, 1961 in Experimentally
More informationSarcocystis heydorni, n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Protozoa) with cattle (Bos taurus) and human
1 Sarcocystis heydorni, n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Protozoa) with cattle (Bos taurus) and human (Homo sapiens) cycle Jitender P. Dubey 1, Erna van Wilpe 2, Rafael Calero-Bernal 1, Shiv Kumar Verma 1, Ronald
More informationProtozoan Parasites: Lecture 21 Apicomplexans 3 Heteroxenous Coccidia - Part 1 Pages 37-49
Protozoan Parasites: Lecture 21 Apicomplexans 3 Heteroxenous Coccidia - Part 1 Pages 37-49 Tissue cyst -forming Coccidia General Taxonomy Apicomplexa Heteroxenous Two host life cycles Asexual & sexual
More informationProtozoan Parasites of Veterinary importance 2017
Protozoan Parasites of Veterinary importance 2017 VPM-122 Laboratory 4 Spencer J. Greenwood PhD, DVM Dept. of Biomedical Sciences Room 2332N AVC North Annex sgreenwood@upei.ca Office phone # 566-6002 To
More informationDermatitis in a dog associated with an unidentified Toxoplasma gondii-like parasite
Veterinary Parasitology 116 (2003) 51 59 Short communication Dermatitis in a dog associated with an unidentified Toxoplasma gondii-like parasite J.P. Dubey a,, A.L. Pimenta b, L.C.S. Abboud b, R.R. Ravasani
More informationKey words: Plasmodium, Kentropyx calcarata, Brazil, merogony, gametocytes, ultrastructure
FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA 49: 2-8, 2002 Fine structure of erythrocytic stages of a Plasmodium tropiduri-like malaria parasite found in the lizard Kentropyx calcarata (Teiidae) from north Brazil Ilan Paperna
More informationHepatozoon-Like Parasite (Schizonts) in the Myocardium of the Domestic Cat
Vet. Path. 10: 185-190 (1973) Hepatozoon-Like Parasite (Schizonts) in the Myocardium of the Domestic Cat U. KLOPFER, T.A. NOBEL and F. NEUMANN Department of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, affiliated
More informationCoccidia. Nimit Morakote, Ph.D.
Coccidia Nimit Morakote, Ph.D. 1 Learning objectives After class, students will be able to: Describe morphology, life cycle, signs and symptoms, prevention and control, laboratory diagnosis and treatment
More informationSarcocystosis with involvement of the central nervous system in lambs
J Vet Diagn Invest 5:291-296 (1993) Sarcocystosis with involvement of the central nervous system in lambs Scott D. Fitzgerald, Evan B. Janovitz, Kevin R. Kazacos, J. P. Dubey, Duane A. Murphy An outbreak
More informationBEAK AND FEATHER DYSTROPHY IN WILD SULPHUR-CRESTED COCKATOOS (CACATUA GALERITA)
BEAK AND FEATHER DYSTROPHY IN WILD SULPHUR-CRESTED COCKATOOS (CACATUA GALERITA) Author(s): Steven McOrist, Douglas G. Black, David A. Pass, Peter C. Scott, and John Marshall Source: Journal of Wildlife
More informationPresentation of Quiz #85
Presentation of Quiz #85 ***Reminder: Slides are copyrighted and cannot be copied for publication. A 36 year old male from Columbia was admitted to the hospital with seizures. This patient had previously
More informationcyst&' appeared to be of two kinds-one smaller and Smnith "is inclined to regard these epithelial cell parasites as
COCCIDIA IN SUBEPITHELIAL INFECTIONS OF THE INTESTINES OF BIRDS PHILIP B. HADLEY From the Agricultural Experiment Station of the Rhode Island State College' Received for publication, July 10, 1916 In an
More informationProtozoa. Apicomplexa Sarcomastigophora Ciliophora. Gregarinea Coccidia Piroplasma
Protozoa Apicomplexa Sarcomastigophora Ciliophora Gregarinea Coccidia Piroplasma Coccidia characterized by thick-walled oocysts excreted in feces In Humans Cryptosporidium Isospora Cyclospora Sarcocystis
More informationKey words: Coccidia, Choleoeimeria rochalimai, fine structure, gall bladder epithelium, Hemidactylus mabouia, Brazil
FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA 47: 91-96, 2000 Ultrastructural study of meronts and gamonts of Choleoeimeria rochalimai (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) developing in the gall bladder of the gecko Hemidactylus mabouia
More informationUltrastructure of Sarcocystis bertrami sarcocysts from a naturally infected donkey (Equus
Ultrastructure of Sarcocystis bertrami sarcocysts from a naturally infected donkey (Equus asinus) from Egypt J. P. DUBEY 1,*, E. VAN WILPE 2, S. K. VERMA 1, M. HILALI 3, 1 U. S. Department of Agriculture,
More informationHISTOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE HYPOPHYSIO- MAMMARY AXIS IN SHEEP (Ovis aries) - MAMMOTROPHS
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 3, 2016, 912 917 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) HISTOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE HYPOPHYSIO- MAMMARY AXIS IN SHEEP (Ovis aries)
More informationThis is the smallest tapeworm that can affect human being but it s not really proper human tapeworm (the human is not the primary host).
Echinococcus Granulosus Small Tapeworm (1 cm), Cestode. This is the smallest tapeworm that can affect human being but it s not really proper human tapeworm (the human is not the primary host). The primary
More informationA Lymphosarcoma in an Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
A Lymphosarcoma in an Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Authors: Paul R. Bowser, Marilyn J. Wolfe, and Timothy Wallbridge Source: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 23(4) : 698-701 Published By: Wildlife Disease
More informationRevajová, Viera, Loószová, Adrian. The Journal of Protozoology Resea Citation RightsNational Research Center for Prot
' ' Morphological study of partridge Title development in the foreign host - (Gallus gallus) Revajová, Viera, Loószová, Adrian Author(s) Maria, Zibrín, Martin, Herich, Ro Mikulas The Journal of Protozoology
More informationInfecting Anopheles stephensi With Rodent Malaria Parasites Alida Coppi & Photini Sinnis
Infecting Anopheles stephensi With Rodent Malaria Parasites Alida Coppi & Photini Sinnis A. Reagents: 1. DMEM or RPMI DMEM (4.5g/L glucose) RPMI 1640 Cellgro #MT-10-017-CM Cellgro #MT-10-040-CM 2. Giemsa
More informationRedescription of Sarcocystis fusiformis sarcocysts from the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Redescription of Sarcocystis fusiformis sarcocysts from the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) 1 J. P. DUBEY 1 *, M. HILALI 2,E.VANWILPE 3,S.K.VERMA 1,R.CALERO-BERNAL 1 and A. ABDEL-WAHAB 2 1 U. S. Department
More informationMalaria parasites of rodents of the Congo (Brazzaville) :
Annales de Parasitologie (Paris), 1976, t. 51, n 6, pp. 637 à 646 Malaria parasites of rodents of the Congo (Brazzaville) : Plasmodium cbabaudi adami subsp. nov. and Plasmodium vinckei lentum Landau, Michel,
More informationA Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Eggshell Surface Topography of Leidynema portentosae and L. appendiculatum (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea)
The Ohio State University Knowledge Bank kb.osu.edu Ohio Journal of Science (Ohio Academy of Science) Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 88, Issue 5 (December, 1988) 1988-12 A Scanning Electron Microscopic
More informationUltrastructure of Ehrlichia canis
INFECTION AND IMMUNrrY, Feb. 1973, p. 265-271 Copyright 1973 American Society for Microbiology Ultrastructure of Ehrlichia canis Vol. 7, No. 2 Printed in U.S.A. PAUL K. HILDEBRANDT, JAMES D. CONROY,I ADAM
More informationParasitenkunde. (Odocoileus virginianus ) Ultrastructure of Sarcocystis sp. from the Muscle of a White-Tailed Deer
Z Parasitenkd (1982) 68 : 33-38 Zeitschrift for Parasitenkunde Parasitology Research 9 Springer-Verlag 1982 Ultrastructure of Sarcocystis sp. from the Muscle of a White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus
More informationSCANNING electron - microscopy has
Characteristics of the Absorptive Surface of the Small Intestine of the Chicken from 1 Day to 14 Weeks of Age 1 R. C. BAYER, C. B. CHAWAN, F. H. BIRD AND S. D. MUSGRAVE Department of Animal and Veterinary
More informationBIO Parasitology Spring 2009
BIO 475 - Parasitology Spring 2009 Stephen M. Shuster Northern Arizona University http://www4.nau.edu/isopod Lecture 10 Malaria-Life Cycle a. Micro and macrogametocytes in mosquito stomach. b. Ookinete
More informationThe Fine Structure of the Endogenous Stages of Isospora hemidactyli Carini, 1936 in the Gecko Hemidactylus mabouia from North Brazil
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 95(1): 43-47, Jan./Feb. 2000 The Fine Structure of the Endogenous Stages of Isospora hemidactyli Carini, 1936 in the Gecko Hemidactylus mabouia from North Brazil
More information23 Plasmodium coatneyi Eyles, Fong, Warren, Guinn, Sandosham, and Wharton, 1962
23 Plasmodium coatneyi Eyles, Fong, Warren, Guinn, Sandosham, and Wharton, 1962 IN the course of studies on simian malaria begun by the late Dr. Don Eyles in Malaya, he and his co-workers isolated a new
More informationLesions of Neonatally Induced Toxoplasmosis in Cats
Vet Pathol33:290-295 (1 996) Lesions of Neonatally Induced Toxoplasmosis in Cats J. P. DUBEY, M. E. MATTIX, AND T. P. LIPSCOMB Parasite Biology and Epidemiology Laboratory, Livestock and Poultry Sciences
More informationToxoplasmosis in Atlantic Bottle-Nosed Dolphins
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 26(3), 1990, pp. 377-382 Toxoplasmosis in Atlantic Bottle-Nosed Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) W. Inskeep II, C. H. Gardiner, R. K. Harris, J. P. Dubey,2 and R. T. Goldston,3
More informationExotic Hematology Lab Leigh-Ann Horne, LVT, CWR Wildlife Center of Virginia
Exotic Hematology Lab Leigh-Ann Horne, LVT, CWR Wildlife Center of Virginia lhorne@wildlifecenter.org Anne Lynch, LVT Cedarcrest Animal Clinic amllvt9@gmail.com Introduction While the general set-up for
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature11046 Supplementary Figure 1: Images of PB-positive cells in the subepidermal region (a-i) Representative images of PB positive cells in the subepidermis of the upper beak of the pigeon.
More informationTitle. CitationJapanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 24(1-2): 37. Issue Date DOI. Doc URL. Type. File Information
Title DISTRIBUTION OF LYMPHATIC TISSUES IN DUCK CAECA Author(s)KITAMURA, Hirokazu; SUGIMURA, Makoto; HASHIMOTO, Yos CitationJapanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 24(1-2): 37 Issue Date 1976-05 DOI 10.14943/jjvr.24.1-2.37
More informationApicomplexans Apicomplexa Intro
Apicomplexans Apicomplexa Intro Cryptosporidium Apicomplexan Select Characteristics Gliding motility Apical Complex organelle for invasion of host cell Life cycle alternates b/w sexual and asexual phases
More informationCerebrospinal Nematodiasis in a Moose in Norway
Cerebrospinal Nematodiasis in a Moose in Norway Author: Kjell Handeland Source: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 38(4) : 817-821 Published By: Wildlife Disease Association URL: https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-38.4.817
More informationSystemic Apicomplexans. Toxoplasma
Systemic Apicomplexans Toxoplasma Protozoan Groups Historically, protozoa have been grouped by mode of motility. Flagellates Hemoflagellates Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania infantum Mucoflagellates Tritrichomonas
More informationTARENTANNULARI INFECTING THE GECKO TARENTOLA ANNULARIS. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ain Shams, Cairo, Egypt - - -
Qatar Univ. Sci. J. (1995), 15 (2) : 379-387 THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SOME STAGES OF HAEMOGREGARINA TARENTANNULARI INFECTING THE GECKO TARENTOLA ANNULARIS BY Nadia F. Ramadan, Shadia H. Mohammed and Samia
More informationParasites of Small Mammals in Grand Teton National Park: Babesia and Hepatozoon
University of Wyoming National Park Service Research Center Annual Report Volume 19 19th Annual Report, 1995 Article 13 1-1-1995 Parasites of Small Mammals in Grand Teton National Park: Babesia and Hepatozoon
More information(From the Department of Pathology a~ut Ontology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66103)
THE TOXOPLASMA GONDII OOCYST FROM CAT FECES* BY J. P. DUBEY, P~.D., NANCY L. MILLER, A~rD J. K. FRENKEL, M.D. (From the Department of Pathology a~ut Ontology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas
More informationDiagnosis, treatment and control: dealing with coccidiosis in cattle
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Diagnosis, treatment and control: dealing with coccidiosis in cattle Author : Adam Martin Categories : Vets Date : January
More informationHISTOLOGY OF MAMMARY GLAND DURING LACTATING AND NON-LACTATING PHASES OF MADRAS RED SHEEP WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INVOLUTION
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 3, 2016, 991 996 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) HISTOLOGY OF MAMMARY GLAND DURING LACTATING AND NON-LACTATING PHASES OF MADRAS
More informationPedigree Dorset Horn sheep in Australia
Australian Journal of Exberimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry: Pedigree Dorset Horn sheep in Australia I. Breed expansion and other vital s Summary-The Dorset Horn in Australia is maintained almost
More informationCercetări bacteriologice, epidemiologice şi serologice în bruceloza ovină ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Thesis entitled BACTERIOLOGICAL, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN BRUCELLOSIS OVINE is scientific and practical reasons the following: - Infectious epididymitis in Romania, described
More informationOutline 1/13/15. Range is mostly surrounding Puerto Rico Important for Tourism and ecological balance
1/13/15 Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) and investigating transmission from feral cat feces in Puerto Rico Heidi Wyrosdick M.S. Candidate University of
More informationAntihelminthic Trematodes (flukes): Cestodes (tapeworms): Nematodes (roundworms, pinworm, whipworms and hookworms):
Antihelminthic Drugs used to treat parasitic worm infections: helminthic infections Unlike protozoa, helminthes are large and have complex cellular structures It is very important to identify the causative
More informationPARASITOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS CATALOGUE OF SERVICES AND PRICE LIST
INSTITUTE OF PARASITOLOGY Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg Justus Liebig University Giessen Schubertstrasse 81 35392 Giessen Germany Office: +49 (0) 641 99 38461 Fax: +49 (0) 641 99 38469 Coprological
More informationLABORATORY. The Protozoa. At the Bench
LABORATORY Laboratory 8, Page 1 8 The Protozoa Introduction: The protozoa are unicellular animals that are classified on the basis of the organelles used for locomotion (flagella, pseudopodia, cilia or
More informationAustralia. The epidemiology of Sarcocystis spp. in cattle of Western AND P. SENEVIRATNA G. SAVINI, J. D. DUNSMORE*, I. D.
Epidemiol. Infect. (1992), 108, 107-113 107 Printed in Great Britain The epidemiology of Sarcocystis spp. in cattle of Western Australia G. SAVINI, J. D. DUNSMORE*, I. D. ROBERTSON AND P. SENEVIRATNA School
More informationtexp. Biol. (196a), 39,
texp. Biol. (196a), 39, 239-242 ith 1 plate Printed in Great Britain INNERVATION OF LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENTS BY THE LUMBOSACRAL CORD IN BIRDS AND MAMMALS BY J. TEN CATE Physiological Laboratory, University
More informationAlveolar proteins stabilize cortical microtubules in Toxoplasma gondii
Alveolar proteins stabilize cortical microtubules in Toxoplasma gondii Clare R. Harding 1,*, Matthew Gow 2, Joon Ho Kang 3,, Emily Shortt 1, Scott R. Manalis,5,6, Markus Meissner 2,7, and Sebastian Lourido
More informationJoerg Kinne, Mansoor Ali*, Ulrich Wernery, and J. P. Dubey
J. Parasitol., 88(3), 2002, pp. 548 552 American Society of Parasitologists 2002 CLINICAL LARGE INTESTINAL COCCIDIOSIS IN CAMELS (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS) IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: DESCRIPTION OF LESIONS,
More informationUltrastructural and molecular identification of Sarcocystis tenella (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) in naturally infected Korean native goats
Original Paper Veterinarni Medicina, 61, 2016 (7): 374 381 Ultrastructural and molecular identification of Sarcocystis tenella (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) in naturally infected Korean native goats E.J. Hong
More informationEukaryotic Organisms
Eukaryotic Organisms A Pictoral Guide of Supportive Illustrations to accompany Select Topics on Eukaryotic Oranisms Bacteria (Not Shown) Agent of Disease Reservoir Vector By Noel Ways Favorable Environmental
More informationCoccidiosis in macropods and other species
Coccidiosis in macropods and other species Author: Derek Spielman Wildlife Assistance and Information Foundation; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, the University of Sydney Abstract This presentation
More informationËtude ultrastructurale de la mérogonie de Schellackia cf. agamae (Lankesterellidae, Apicomplexa) chez le Lézard Agama stellio.
Masson, Paris, 1987 Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 1987, 62, n 5, pp. 380-386. ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON THE MEROGONY OF SCHELLACKIA CF. AGAMAE (LANKESTERELLIDAE, APICOMPLEXA) FROM THE STARRED LIZARD AGAMA
More information1) Most common, infectious, pathogenic animal (zoonotic) parasite of humans; estimated that 13% of humans are infected
XX Phylum Apicomplexa (Chapter 8) 2005 A. Characteristics 1. All are parasitic 2. APICAL COMPLEX a. Group of organelles used to invade host cells b. Visible only with electron microscopy Picture Slide
More informationCourse Curriculum for Master Degree in Poultry Diseases/Veterinary Medicine
Course Curriculum for Master Degree in Poultry Diseases/Veterinary Medicine The Master Degree in Poultry Diseases /Veterinary Medicine, is awarded by the Faculty of Graduate Studies at Jordan University
More information(From the Division of Laboratories of Montefiore Hospital, New York.)
CALCIFICATION OF THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS OF CATS. BY DAVID MARINE, M.D. (From the Division of Laboratories of Montefiore Hospital, New York.) PLATE 11. (Received for publication, January 18, 1925.) It is
More informationOPPORTUNITIES FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF DAIRY SHEEP IN NORTH AMERICA. David L. Thomas
OPPORTUNITIES FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF DAIRY SHEEP IN NORTH AMERICA David L. Thomas Department of Meat and Animal Science University of Wisconsin-Madison Sheep milk, as a commodity for human consumption,
More informationSegmental myelitis in cats caused by agents belonging
Case Report J Vet Intern Med 2011;25:148 152 Segmental Meningomyelitis in 2 Cats Caused by Toxoplasma gondii L. Alves, D. Gorgas, M. Vandevelde, G. Gandini, and D. Henke Segmental myelitis in cats caused
More informationCriconemoides similis 1 G. W. BIRD ~
Somatic Musculature of Trichodorus porosus and Criconemoides similis 1 G. W. BIRD ~ Abstract: The somatic musculature of Trichodorus porosus is transversely striated, and that of Criconemoides similis
More informationMalaria. This sheet is from both sections recording and includes all slides and diagrams.
Malaria This sheet is from both sections recording and includes all slides and diagrams. Malaria is caused by protozoa family called plasmodium (Genus) mainly affect blood system specially RBCs and each
More informationBSE Update Meat Industry Perspective. Randall Huffman, Ph.D. V.P. Scientific Affairs American Meat Institute Foundation
BSE Update Meat Industry Perspective Randall Huffman, Ph.D. V.P. Scientific Affairs American Meat Institute Foundation Tuesday, December 23 USDA Announcement Overview BSE and how it spreads Control measures
More informationEctoparasites Myobia musculi Radfordia affinis Radfordia ensifera
Ectoparasites Fleas, ticks, and lice are uncommon in modern laboratory facilities, but may be seen on wild or feral rodents. Most ectoparasite infestations seen in rats and mice used for research are various
More informationLaboratory 7 The Effect of Juvenile Hormone on Metamorphosis of the Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
Laboratory 7 The Effect of Juvenile Hormone on Metamorphosis of the Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) (portions of this manual were borrowed from Prof. Douglas Facey, Department of Biology, Saint Michael's
More informationANIMALS AFFECTED WHAT IS RABIES? INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION NEED TO KNOW INFORMATION FOR RABIES: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS
Distributed by: Fact Sheet No. 19 Revised December 2013 THE AGRICULTURAL HEALTH & SAFETY NEED TO KNOW INFORMATION FOR RABIES: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS WHAT IS RABIES? Rabies is a disease caused by a virus
More informationAbove: life cycle of toxoplasma gondii. Below: transmission of this infection.
Toxoplasmosis PDF This article is based on a paid for research paper dated 1972 of similar title and authored by J.K.Frenkel and J.P. Dubey. It was published by The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol.
More informationThe South American opossum, Didelphis marsupialis, from Brazil as another definitive host for Sarcocystis speeri Dubey and Lindsay, 1999
The South American opossum, Didelphis marsupialis, from Brazil as another definitive host for Sarcocystis speeri Dubey and Lindsay, 1999 589 J. P. DUBEY *, C. E. KERBER, D. S. LINDSAY, N. KASAI and H.
More informationToxoplasmosis By Amanda Baugh
Toxoplasmosis By Amanda Baugh Toxoplasmosis Etiological agent: protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (1). Domain: Eukaryota (unranked): Sar (unranked): Alveolata Phylum: Apicomplexa Class: Conoidasida Order:
More informationMalignant Catarrhal Fever in a Red Angus Cow B Y : L A U R E N R I C E R O V C
Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Red Angus Cow B Y : L A U R E N R I C E R O V C 2 0 1 5 History & Signalment Three year old Red Angus Cow Complaint: Blindness From 15 Red Angus Cow Herd Managed on Pasture
More informationJohne's disease infectious diarrhea of cattle
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Agricultural Experiment Station Reports LSU AgCenter 1927 Johne's disease infectious diarrhea of cattle Harry Morris Follow this and additional works
More informationMesosomes are a definite event in antibiotic-treated Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923
Tropical Biomedicine 24(1): 105 109 (2007) Mesosomes are a definite event in antibiotic-treated Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 Santhana Raj, L. 1*, Hing, H.L. 2, Baharudin Omar 2, Teh Hamidah, Z. 1,
More informationVertebrates. Vertebrate Characteristics. 444 Chapter 14
4 Vertebrates Key Concept All vertebrates have a backbone, which supports other specialized body structures and functions. What You Will Learn Vertebrates have an endoskeleton that provides support and
More informationNATURALLY OCCURRING Sarcocystis INFECTION IN DOMESTIC CATS (Felis catus)
NATURALLY OCCURRING Sarcocystis INFECTION IN DOMESTIC CATS (Felis catus) By KAREN D. GILLIS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
More informationCanine and Feline Distemper. Description. The following chart indicates the animals which are susceptible to infection by canine and feline distemp
Canine and Feline Distemper Description Canine and feline distemper are diseases affecting many wild and domestic carnivo The following chart indicates the animals which are susceptible to infection by
More informationTHE EFFECT OF MUTILATION ON THE TAPEWORM TAENIA TAENIAEFORMIS
THE EFFECT OF MUTILATION ON THE TAPEWORM TAENIA TAENIAEFORMIS JOE N. MILLER AND WM. P. BUNNER The reader is undoubtedly aware of work which has been done by Child (1910) and others in mutilating certain
More informationVETERINARY BACTERIOLOGY FROM THE DARK AGES TO THE PRESENT DAY
VETERINARY BACTERIOLOGY FROM THE DARK AGES TO THE PRESENT DAY D.J.TAYLOR MA PhD VetMB DipECPHM DipECVPH MRCVS EMERITUS PROFESSOR OF VETERINARY BACTERIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW INTRODUCTION
More informationFact sheet. A condition, clinically similar to wobbly possum disease, has been reported from brushtail possums in eastern Australia and Tasmania.
Wobbly possum disease Fact sheet Introductory statement Wobbly possum disease is a condition of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) that was first identified in a research facility in New Zealand
More informationEXOSTOSIS OF THE MANDIBLE OF THE CHICKEN
EXOSTOSIS OF THE MANDIBLE OF THE CHICKEN COMPLICATING EDEMA OF THE WATTLES GEORGE MILTON SMITH, M.D.1 (AnutomioaZ Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut) During the past year opportunity
More informationMay 4-6, 2004 University of Arkansas
May 4-6, 2004 University of Arkansas BSE Update Meat Industry Perspective Randall Huffman, Ph.D. V.P. Scientific Affairs American Meat Institute Foundation Tuesday, December 23 USDA Announcement Overview
More informationGiardia and Apicomplexa. G. A. Lozano UNBC
Giardia and Apicomplexa G. A. Lozano UNBC NINE Protozoan diseases/parasites Ciliphora, Ichthyophthirius, Ick Sarcomastigophora, Giardia, giardiasis Apicomplexa: Eimeria, Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, Cryptosporidium.
More informationMalaria parasites of lemurs
Annales de Parasitologie (Paris), 1975, t. 50, n 4, pp. 409 à 418 Malaria parasites of lemurs by P. C. C. GARNHAM * and G. UILENBERG ** * Imperial College of Science and Technology, Ashurst Lodge, Ascot,
More informationEXOTIC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Brittney Exarhos, LVT, RVT Toledo Zoo and Aquarium 2700 Broadway St. Toledo OH 43609 EXOTIC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY Veterinary technicians in a zoo setting often spend a lot of time in the lab. They must have
More informationFinal 2009 West Nile Virus Activity in the United States
Final West Nile Virus Activity in the United s Washington West Nile Virus Activity in the United s West Nile Virus Activity in the United s Final West Nile Virus Activity in the United s Delaware Rhode
More informationFact sheet. All animals, particularly herbivores, appear to be natural hosts for coccidian species with a high degree of host specificity observed.
Coccidia in k angaroos Fact sheet Introductory statement Coccidians are protozoan parasites which infect the intestinal tract of many animals. Within kangaroos, coccidia infections can lead to clinical
More informationA comparison of placental tissue in the skinks Eulamprus tympanum and E. quoyii. Yates, Lauren A.
A comparison of placental tissue in the skinks Eulamprus tympanum and E. quoyii Yates, Lauren A. Abstract: The species Eulamprus tympanum and Eulamprus quoyii are viviparous skinks that are said to have
More informationDiurnal variation in microfilaremia in cats experimentally infected with larvae of
Hayasaki et al., Page 1 Short Communication Diurnal variation in microfilaremia in cats experimentally infected with larvae of Dirofilaria immitis M. Hayasaki a,*, J. Okajima b, K.H. Song a, K. Shiramizu
More informationREEDY FORK DAIRY FARM
History REEDY FORK DAIRY FARM The Reedy Fork Farm is set on 600 acres and houses both a feed mill and an organic dairy operation. The feed mill was started in 2007 when the dairy transitioned to organic,
More informationNADIS Parasite Forecast November 2017 Use of meteorological data to predict the prevalence of parasitic diseases
SQP CPD Programme As part of AMTRA`s online CPD Programme for livestock SQPs, each month AMTRA will send you the Parasite Forecast which will highlight the parasitic challenge facing livestock in your
More informationUpdate on diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)
Update on diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) Séverine Tasker RCVS Specialist in Feline Medicine The Feline Centre Langford Veterinary Services University of Bristol http://www.felinecentre.co.uk/
More informationHealth plans and fluke and worm control
Health plans and fluke and worm control Tim Geraghty SAC Consulting is a division of Scotland s Rural College Leading the way in Agriculture and Rural Research, Education and Consulting Farm Profit Sheep
More informationDISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Dis. aquat. Org.
Vol. 7: 149-153, 1989 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Dis. aquat. Org. Published October 26 Developmental cycle of chelonian haemogregarines in leeches with extra-intestinal multiple sporozoite oocysts and
More informationSchmallenberg Virus Infections in Ruminants
Schmallenberg Virus Infections in Ruminants F. J. Conraths, B. Hoffmann, D. Höper, M. Scheuch, R. Jungblut, M. Holsteg, H. Schirrmeier, M. Eschbaumer, K. Goller, K. Wernike, M. Fischer, A. Breithaupt,
More information