مقدمه چكيده. خانواده Dermochelidae وCheloniidae باقي ماندهاند

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1 مجله پژهشهاي جانري (مجله زيست شناسي ايران) بررسي خصصيات تليدمثلي لاك پشت منقار عقي( imbricata (Eretmochelys در ساحل جزيره كيش مهدي طبيب خرمشهر دانشگ علم فنن دريايي دانشكده علم دريايي اقيانسي گره بيلژي دريا تاريخ دريافت: 91/5/27 تاريخ پذيرش: 92/5/15 چكيده با تجه به اينكه لاكپشت منقار عقي گنهاي به شدت در معرض خطر انقراض است پژهش زيادي در م ضعيت اين گنه در جزيره كيش به عنان يكي از مكانهاي اصلي تخمگذاري آن انجام نشده اين مطالعه با هدف بررسي خصصيات تليدمثلي اين گنه ارزشمند در سال در جزيره كيش انجام شد. صفات زيستي تليدمثلي لاكپشتها ندان م بررسي گرفت كه نتايج بدست آمده شامل: ميانگين زن لاكپشت /143 كيلگرم طل مستق كاراپاس 65 سانتتر عرض مستق كاراپاس 50/619 سانتتر تعداد تخم 2/862 92/5± عدد تخم نرمال 74/5±2/178 عدد تخم غير نرمال 17/3±1/548 عدد ميانگين قطر تخم 37/927±0/19 ميلتر زن تخم 30/793±0/47 گرم ميانگين طل مستق كاراپاس ند 38/746±0/18 ميلتر عرض مستق كاراپاس ند 30/792±0/15 ميلتر ميانگين زن ند ±0/19 12/416 گرم درصد مفقيت تفريخ 84/76 درصد ميانگين مدت انكباسين 67 رز ميباشد. بيشترين همبستگي بين زن طل مستق كاراپاس ند با ضريب همبستگي 0/858 = r بدست آمد. نتايج اين مطالعه نشان داد كه بين خصصيات تليدمثلي لاكپشتهاي منقار عقي جير ايراني خليج فارس ساير كشرهاي حزه خليج فارس درياي عمان اختلاف معنيداري جد ندا اما اندازه تخم در منطقه خليج فارس به دليل كچكتر بدن لاكپشتهاي ماده از ميانگين جهاني همچنين ميانگين پايينتر تعداد تخم از ساير نقاط د بزرگتر است درصد مفقيت تفريخ عمدتا به دليل آلدگيهاي نفتي از ساير نقاط د كمتر است. اژههاي كليدي: خليج فارس لاك پشت منقار عقي خصصيات تليد مثلي مفقيت تفريخ نيسنده مسي ل تلفن: پست اترنيكي: Mehdi_tabib@yahoo.com مقدمه لاك پشتهاي دريايي بيش از 100 ميلين سال پيش يعني در دره كرتاسه در ري كره زمين ميزيستند (20). گرشات فسيلهاي اين دره نشان ميدهد كه لاك پشت- هاي دريايي داراي چهار خاناده بدهاند كه امرزه فقط د خاناده Dermochelidae باقي ماندهاند (32). لاكپشتهاي دريايي امرزي داراي هشت گنه هستند كه خاناده Dermochelidae فقط داراي يك گنه به نام پشت چرمي خاناده داراي هفت گنه است كه در جدل 1 آمده است (13). از هشت گنه لاكپشت دريايي امرزي پنج گنه منقار عقي سبز سرخ زيتني پشت چرمي در خليج فارس مشده شدهاند كه فقط د گنه منقار عقي سبز در ساحل ايران تخمگذاري ميكنند (31). لاك پشتهاي منقار عقي در بيشتر ناحي گرمسيري جهان در بخشهاي مركزي اقيانسهاي اطلس هند آرام پراكنش دارند (14). لاك پشتهاي منقار عقي بالغ صدها شايد هران كيلمتر بين مكان تليدمثلي مكان هاي تغذيهاي مهاجرت ميكنند (36). غذاي اصلي لاك پشتهاي منقار 377

2 مجله پژهشهاي جانري (مجله زيست شناسي ايران) عقي در اقيانس اطلس اسفنج ميباشد (12) لي در اقيانس هند آرام عل بر اسفنج از جلبكها ديگر نام فارسي لاك پشت منقار عقي لاك پشت سبز لاك پشت س لاك پشت سرخ لاك پشت زيتني لاك پشت گ لاك پشت پشت پهن لاك پشت پشت چرمي بي مهرگان نيز تغذيه ميكنند (9). جدل 1 - گنه هاي لاك پشت دريايي امرزي (23). نام انگليسي نام لاتين (علمي) خاناده Dermochelidae Eretmochelys imbricata Chelonia mydas Chelonia agassizii Caretta caretta Lepidochelys olivacea Lepidochelys kempii Natator depressus Dermochelys coriacea Hawksbill turtle Green turtle Black turtle Loggerhead turtle Olive ridley turtle Kemps ridley turtle Flat back turtle Leatherback turtle تعداد لاكپشت منقار عقي در جهان ر به كش است به طري كه اين گنه در ليست قرمز IUCN در سال 2010 به عنان گنه به شدت در معرض خطر انقراض قرار گرفت (22). از جمله عاملي كه باعث كش تعداد اين جانران شده مي تان به شكارچيان طبيعي تخريب ساحل تسط فعاليتهاي انساني اشاره ك (10). البته در خليج فارس آلدگيها به يژه آلدگيهاي نفتي باعث آسيب به اين گنه ارزشمند شده است (28). گنههاي لف لاكپشتهاي دريايي رفتارهاي مشهي به يژه در زمان تليد مثل دارند به همين دليل رشهاي م استفاده در مطالعات گنههاي لف آنها شبت زيادي به هم دارند (26). الين مطالعه بر ري لاكپشتهاي دريايي در منطقه خليج فارس درياي عمان در سال 1971 تسط Kinunen Walczak در ساحل بريس استان سيستان بلچستان جزيره هرمز جزيره شيخ الشعيب جزيره شيدر انجام شد. در سال هاي اخير مطالعات خبي در ساحل ايراني خليج فارس درياي عمان بر ري گنه منقار عقي انجام شده است كه مي - تان به مطالعات لي (1373) لانه گزيني تخمگذاري در منطقه حفاظت شده مند در استان بشهر سعيد پر همكاران (1382). بررسي صفات زيستي در جير هرمز هنگام لقماني همكاران (1389) بررسي فعاليت لانه- گزيني گذاري در جزيره هرمز رع همكارن (1388) لانه- در جزيره شيدر دهقاني همكاران (1390) بررسي صفات زيستي در جزيره هرمز اشاره ك. با تجه به اينكه لاكپشت منقار عقي گنهاي به شدت در معرض خطر انقراض است ساحل جزيره كيش يكي از مكان- هاي عمده تخمگذاري آنها مي باشد. اين مطالعه به منظر بررسي خصصيات تليدمثلي لاكپشتهاي منقار عقي در جزيره كيش انجام شد. ماد رشها جزيره كيش با مساحت 91 كيلمتر مربع شكل كلي تقريبا بيضي در فاصله 18 كيلمتري بندر گرزه(بندر آفت) در خليج فارس قراا. كيش در مقعيت جغرافيايي عرض شمالي طل شرقي اقع شده است (شكل 1). بررسي خصصيات تليد مثلي لاك پشت منقار عقي از ااخر اسفند م سال 1388 همزمان با شرع تخمگذاري لاك پشت ها در جزيره تا اايل خاد 1389 صرت گرفت. لازم به ذكر است كه عمده فعاليت ها تسط كاركنان محيط زيست منطقه آد كيش انجام شد. مقعيت لانه ها تسط دستگ مقعيت سنج (GPS) ثبت به منظر محافظت تخم ها از شكارچيان طبيعي اطراف لانه ها فنس كشي شد. در اين 378

3 (ناريا يسانش تسيز هلجم) يرناج شهژپ هلجم دلج هرامش هعلاطم 21 هدام دازن تسيز يجنس.دش رتماراپ درم يسررب لماش تافص يتسيز مهم هدام ليبق نز لط ساپاراك (SCL) ضرع (SCW)ساپاراك يعيبط ريغ يعيبط نز رطق نينچمه لط ضرع نز دازن دص تيقفم خيرفت تدم نيسايكنا نامز يراذگ.دش قبط فيرعت تيقفم خيرفت (HS) ربارب خيرفت هدش ميسقت رب يعيبط لماش دازن هدنز هدنام دازن هدرم زين دش.(28) رظنم يسررب هناد يدنب هنمن يرادرب ترص ليفرپ يدمع حطس ات قمع 35- يتناس يرتم لحم ماجنا.دش سپس هنمن هاگشيامزآ لقتنم (Bucharas,1984)شر زيلانآ.دش تاعلاطا تسدب هدمآ مرف صصخم تبث سپ هتسد يدنب شر رامآ يفيصت يگتسبمه هداف مرن Version )رازفا MINITAB (16 درم هيزجت ليلحت رارق.تفرگ ش -1 -فلا -ب تيعقم ينيزگ يلحاس جياتن يط ماجنا تيلاعف يناد لحاس لاس هعمجم يا هداد ماخ تسدب.دمآ هي ريغتم هدنا يريگ هدش يارب دازن نآ ك هتسيپ.دنتسه قيقحت نز هدام /143 مرگليك لط ساپاراك 65 رتميتناس ضرع ساپاراك 50/619 رتميتناس تسدب.دمآ جياتن طبرم لدج 2 جياتن طبرم دازن لدج 3 لباق هدهاشم هجت ضرف لامرن ندب هي ريغتم هدنا يريگ هدش طبرم دازن لصاف نانطا 90 دص يارب ريغتم فارحنا رايعم نآ هدش ساحم لدج -2 يراذگ طبرم هدش يريگ هدنا تافص يرامآ زيلانآ تافص رثكادح لقادح فارحنا درادنا 92/ /103 يعيبط 74/ /778 ريغ يعيبط 17/ /793 رطق 37/ /068 نز 30/ /8 5/11 تدم نيسكنا قيقحت 67 زر هدب نيرتشيب نامز 79 زر نيرتمك نامز 63 زر.دش تدم نيسكنا رثكا نيب زر هدب نيرتشيب دص ينعي 64 دص ار لماش.دش تيقفم خيرفت قيقحت 84/76 دص ساحم.دش هدنا تارذ هسام ينيزگ نيب - 4 0/063 رتميل ينيزگ رط تارذ 0/5 رتميل 48/502 دص نيرتشيب تارذ

4 مجله پژهشهاي جانري (مجله زيست شناسي ايران) 0/063 ميلتر كمترين حجم ذرات تشكيل دهنده ساحل را دارا بدند. زمان تخمگذاري لاك پشت هاي منقار عقي در اين تحقيق بين ساعات 19:50 دقيقه تا 4 بامداد بده است كه بيشترين تخمگذاري لاك پشت ها يعني حدد 30 درصد در ساعات بين 23 تا 24 انجام شده است. از عامل م ثر بر لانه گزيني لاك پشت هاي منقار عقي شرايط آب دريا به لحاظ جزر مد است. در اين تحقيق 8/263 درصد از لاك پشت ها در شرايط جزر 65/14 درصد در زمان مد بقيه در حالت بين جزر مد براي لانه گزيني به ساحل مراجعه كند كه 53/368 درصد در زمان مد كامل بده است. به نظر مي رسد كه در زمان مد كامل لاك پشت انرژي كمتري براي پدن ساحل پيدا كن محل مناسب لانه سازي طي مي كند انرژي خد براي تخمگذاري ذخيره مي كند. آزمن همبستگي پيرسن بين صفات اندازه گيري شده در بين تخم هاي لاك پشت منقار عقي نشان دهنده جد همبستگي مثبت معني دار در سطح 90 درصد (0/1 P) بين قطر تخم زن تخم = 0/777 r مي باشد. همچنين بين طل عرض با زن ند در سطح 90 درصد (0/1 P) ارتباط معني داري جد دا كه بيشترين ضريب همبستگي مثبت بين زن طل مستق كاراپاس 0/858=r محاسبه شد. بحث لاك پشت هاي منقار عقي جزء گنه هاي مهاجر بده كه هر ساله در فصل تليد مثل از محل تغذيه اي خد به سمت ساحل تخم گذاري لانه گزيني مهاجرت مي كنند (7). نتايج مطالعات لف نشان مي دهند كه در خليج فارس فقط د گنه سبز منقار عقي فعاليت لانه گذاري تخم گذاري دارند ساير گنه هاي مشده شده به منظر تغذيه چرا به اين منطقه مهاجرت مي كنند( 3 ). در اين تحقيق نيز تنها لاك پشت هاي منقار عقي جهت انجام تخم گذاري ا ساحل كيش شدند. ساحلي كه لاك پشت هاي منقار عقي در آن تخمگذاري مي كنند در سراسر جهان محدد مي باشند (31). ساحل مناسب براي لانه سازي لاك پشت هاي منقار عقي ساحلي شني كه كمتر تحت تا ثير اماج باشد همچنين داراي شيب كم ارتفاع دانه بندي مناسب باشد (17). لاك پشت هاي منقار عقي اكثرا در طي ساعاتي از شب كه ساحل داراي امنيت نسبتا بالايي است براي تخمگذاري به ساحل مي آيند (19). جدل 3- آناليز آماري صفات زيست سنجي شده ندهاي لاك پشت منقار عقي در جزيره كيش تعداد ميانگين حداكثر حداقل انحراف استاندا صفات طل مستق (mm) عرض مستق (mm) 1/955 1/654 2/ /9 38/746 30/792 12/416 زن (g) جدل 4- مقايسه طل مستق زن لاك پشت هاي منقار عقي جزيره كيش با ساير نقاط صفت منطقه م مطالعه جزيره كيش(تحقيق حاضر) جزيره هرمز( 1 ) جزيره نخيل( 6 ) جزيره هنگام( 4 ) جزيره شيدر( 28 ) ميانگين جهاني( 15 ) زن (kg) / /46 42/46 37/7 55 طل مستق (SCL) (cm) 65 66/32 65/22 65/

5 (ناريا يسانش تسيز هلجم) يرناج شهژپ هلجم دلج هرامش قيقحت زين اتدمع تاعاس نيب 23 ات 24 يارب يراذگ بآ جراخ.دندش هسياقم لط نز يخرب ريازج يناريا طستم ينج لدج 4 هدمآ لدج 4 نات هجيتن تفرگ هدنا ريازج يناريا ينج رتكچك رظن دسر نينس نيياپ رت هلحرم غلب هديسر يارب يراذگ لحاس هعجارم دننك دنات ليلد رف عبانم يياذغ دجم متسيسكا دنمشزرا لگنج ارح گنسبآ يناجرم هژي لامش.دش هسياقم يخرب ريازج يناريا لدج 5 هدمآ يسررب لدج 5 نات هجيتن تفرگ رتمك ينج طستم دش دنات ليلد رتكچك ندب هدنا تبسن.دش هسياقم رطق نز يخرب ريازج يناريا لدج 6 هدمآ يسررب لدج نات هجيتن تفرگ هدنا رط ي يكدنا رتگرزب هجت هدنا هطبار هدنا هطبار سكعم دراد (33) رتگرزب ندب هدنا رط ي تبسن ليلد رتكچك ندب رتمك ندب هتشاذگ هدش طست عن يدنبهناد لحاس ناز يدايز ينيزگ ءاقب دازن رث م.(16) يلحاس يدنبهناد فلتخم ينيزگ يراذگ - دننك لحاس نكمم ترص يلحاس هسام مرن اي يلحاس هسام تش ترص يبيكرت فدص تاعطق ناجرم دش.(18) يفرط عن يدنبهناد ناز تبطر هسام نينچمه لدت لماع رث م ءاقب دشر نينج بسحم دنش راذگريثا ت.(37) لدج -5 هسياقم فيدر تفص هعلاطم درم فيدر تفص هعلاطم درم 1 (رضاح قيقحت) 92/5 1 (36)رطق رشك 78 2 (4)ماگنه 97 2 Cousin (22) 176/2 3 زمره (1) 93/38 3 (32)ك رشك 135/2 4 (6)ليخن 91 4 (28)ليزرب رشك 1 5 مرگلا ما (29) 85 5 ينج طستم (21)

6 مجله پژهشهاي جانري (مجله زيست شناسي ايران) جدل 6- مقايسه قطر تخم لاك پشت هاي منقار عقي جزيره كيش با برخي جير ايراني خليج فارس ساير نقاط صفت منطقه م مطالعه جزيره كيش (تحقيق حاضر) جزيره شيدر (2) جزيره هنگام (3) جزيره هرمز (5) كشر ن (8) كشر قطر (35) كشر مكزيك (11) كشر استراليا (25) زن تخم (g) 30/793 قطر تخم (mm) 37/927 38/49 39/2 37/2 39/1 36/2 36/4 32/94 32/4 30/5 32/ /8 26/4 مقايسه مين مفقيت تفريخ تخم لاكپشتهاي منقار عقي جزيره كيش برخي جير ايراني خليجفارس با ساير نقاط در جدل 7 آمده است. با بررسي اين جدل مي تان نتيجه گرفت كه مين مفقيت تفريخ تخمها در جزيره كيش منطقهخليج فارس نسبت به ساير نقاط د كمتر است. مين مفقيت تفريخ پايين در منطقه خليج- فارس ميتاند به دليل آلدگيهاي مناطق ساحلي مانند آلدگيهاي نفتي آلدگي هاي قارچي باكتريايي ماسه - ها در اثر جد ماد ي د زبالههاي ريخته شده در اطراف ساحل جد لاشههاي مجدات باشد. جدل 7- مفقيت تفريخ در جزيره كيش ساير نقاط صفت منطقه م مطالعه منع جزيره كيش (تحقيق حاضر) جزيره هرمز( 5 ) جزيره شيدر( 2 ) كشر قطر( 34 ) كشر كاستاريكا( 11 ) كشر استراليا( 25 ) مفقيت تفريخ (%) طي انجام اين مطالعه عامل تهديد كننده حيات لاك پشتهاي منقار عقي نيز م بررسي قرار گرفت كه مي - تان به ماي مانند: نزديكي محل تخمگذاري به جاده تد در ساحل به اسطه تريستي بدن جزيره جد آلدگيها در ساحل تخريب اكسيستمهاي منطقه مانند آبسنگهاي مرجاني كه از جمله مكانهاي تغذيهاي لاك- پشتها ميباشد در اثر فعاليت تريستي جد آب- شيرين كنها نيرگهاي حرارتي دشمنان طبيعي مانند خرچنگ اشاره ك. البته در چند سال اخير سازمان منطقه آد كيش در جهت حفاظت از اين گنه ارزشمند اقدامات مناسبي انجام داده است. تقدير تشكر در پايان از مسي لين محترم محيط زيست منطقه آد كيش به يژه سركار خانم مر محمدي جن آقاي مهندس آرش هادي رمكي كه در تهيه دادههاي اين تحقيق همكاري لازم را داشتند كمال تشكر را دارم. 84/ / جزيره (21) Cousin علمي- نشريه فارس. خليج هرمز- جزيره پژهشي اقيانس 1. دهقاني ه. كشارز م. كامراني ا. مهري ع. اسدي م بررسي زيست شناسي تخم گذاري لاك پشت دريايي منقار عقي شناسي سال سم- شماره 9. صفحات 8-1. imbricata) (Eretmochelys در,Linnaeus

7 مجله پژهشهاي جانري (مجله زيست شناسي ايران) 2. رع ر. نبي م. ب. فداكار ش. افتخار اقفي م بررسي فعاليت لانه گذاري لاك پشت منقار عقي (استان شيدر جزيره در (Eretmochelys imbricata) هرمزگان). فصلنامه علمي _ پژهشي زيست شناسي جانري سال ال- شماره سم. صفحات سعيدپر ب بررسي بياكلژي لاك پشت هاي دريايي در شمال خليج فارس(حزه آبهاي هرمزگان ) رساله دكتري دانشگ آد اسلامي احد علم تحقيقات 360 ص. ساحل جزيره هرمز. مجله زيست شناسي ايران جلد 23- شماره.6 صفحات مقي م. نقاش ح. آله خرشيد م. چي ر. قاسمي ص بررسي زيستگ خصصيات زيست سنجي لاك پشت گنه نك عقي imbricata) (Eretmochelys در تال هاي ساحلي خليج فارس جزيره نخيل استان بشهر. مجله علمي- تخصصي تال- سال دم - شماره سم. صفحات لي ح تخمگذاري لاك پشت هاي عقي در جير حفاظت شده مند. فصلنامه علمي محيط زيست شماره صفحات Al-Ghais, M.S., Conservation and management needs of two turtle species of the Persian Gulf. 23th International Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation.March.17 21, Kuala lumpur, Malaysia. 283 p. 9. Bjorndal, K.A., Foraging ecology and nutrition of sea turtles. In Lutz, P.L.: Musick, J.L. (eds) The Biology of Sea turtles. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp: Bjorndal, K.A., Conservation of Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata): Perceptions and realties. Chelonian Conservation Biology. 3(2),PP: Bjorndal, K. A., Carr, A., Meylan, A. B. and Mortimer. J. A., Reproductive Biology of the Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) at Tortuguero, Costa Rica, with notes on the ecology of the species in the Caribbean. Biological Conservation 34, pp: Blumenthal, J.M., Austin, T.J., Bothwell, J.B., Broderick, A.C., Ebanks-Petrie, G., Olynik, J.R., Orr, M.F., Solomon, J.L., Witt, M.J. and Godley, B.J., 2009.Diving behavior and movements of juvenile Hawksbill turtles ( Eretmochelys imbricata) on a Caribbean coral reef. Coral Reefs 28(1), pp: Bowen, B.W., and Karl, S.A., Population genetics and phylogeography of sea turtles. Mol. Ecol. 16, pp: FAO, Species catalog Sea turtle of worlds. Vol FAO, FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes western indian ocean (fishing area 51) Vol سعيد پر ب. ساري ا. احمدي م.ر برسي برخي صفات زيستي لاك پشت دريايي در جزيره هنگام هرمز. فصلنامه پژهش سازندگي. شماره 61.صفحات لقماني م. ساري ا. مباركي ا. صادقي پ بررسي لانه گزيني لاك پشت عقي imbricata) (Eretmochelys در 16. Frazer, J., Observation of sea turtles in Aldobra. Philolosiphical Royal Society of London Biological Sciences, 260: Glen, F., Broderick, A,C., and Hays, G.C., Incubation environment affects phenotype of naturally incubated green turtle hatchings. J.Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K.83,pp: Hays, G.C., Implications of adult s morphology for clutch size in the flatback turtle (Natator depressa). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81, pp: Hays, G.C., Adams, G., and Speakman, J.R., 1993.Reproductive investment by green turtles nesting on Ascension Island. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 71, pp: Hilton-Taylor, C., 2000 (compiler). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 21. Horrocks, J. A., and Scott, N. M., Nest site location and nest success in the hawksbill turtles(eretmochelys imbricata) in Barbados West Indies, Mar. Ecol. No. 69, pp: IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 2010.The IUCN red list of threatened species, Version Available at 23.IUCN, IUCN red list of threatened species. The IUCN species survival commission Kinunen, W. and Walczak, P.S., Persian Gulf sea turtle nesting surveys. Job Completion 383

8 مجله پژهشهاي جانري (مجله زيست شناسي ايران) Rept., Division of Research Development, F-7-50, 16 p. 25. Limpus, C.J., Parmenter, C.J., Baker, V., and Fleay, A., The Crab Island sea turtle rookery in the north-eastern Gulf of Carpentaria. Aust. Wildl. Res, 10, pp: Limpus, C. J., Global overview of the status of marine turtles, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. Pp: Marcovaldi, M.A., and Laurent, A., A six season study of marine turtle nesting at Praia do forte Bahaia, Brazil, with implications for conservation and management. Chelonia Conservation Biology. 2,pp: Mobaraki, A., 2004 a. Nesting of the hawksbill turtle at Shidvar island, Hormozgan Province, Iran. Marine Turtle Newsletter. 103, pp: Moghimi, M., Conservation of sea turtle habitats and population in Iranian coastal Areas 79 pp. Final Thesis of Master of Science in Nature Conservation and Biodiversity Management in The Netherlands. 30. Moncada, F., and Nodarse, G., Length composition and size of sexual maturation of Hawksbill turtle in the Cuba platform. In : Study of the Hawksbill turtle in Cuba(I). Havana: Ministry of fishing Industries, pp: Mortimer, J.A., Factors Influcencing beach selection by nesting sea turtles, p in: K.A., Bjorndal (Editor), Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 32. Prichard, C., and Peter, H., Evolution, phylogeny and current status of sea turtles, Mar. Biol. No, 78. pp: Redford, D., and Cannon, A.C., Diving behavior of immature hawksbills, Eretmochelys imbricata, in a Caribbean cliff-well habitat. Oceanographic Literature Review, Vol.44, pp: Tayab, M.R., and Quiton, P., Marine turtle conservation at Ras Laffan Industrial City,Qatar. Marine Turtle Newsletter, 99, pp: U. A. E. Fish and Wildlife., Endangered species program; sea turtles, United Arab Emirates. 36. Van dam, R.P., Diez, C.E., Balazs, G.H., Colon, L.A.C., McMillan, W.O. and Schroeder, B., Sex-specific migration patterns of hawksbill turtles breeding at Mona Island, Puerto Rico. Endangered Species Research 4,pp: Wood, D.W., and Bjorndal, K.A., Relation temperature, moisture, salting and slope to nest site selection in loggerhead sea turtles.copeia,16, pp:

9 مجله پژهشهاي جانري (مجله زيست شناسي ايران) Reproductive characteristics of Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in Kish Island coasts Tabib M. Marine Biology Dept., Faculty of Oceanic and Marine Sciences, University of Marine Sciences and Technology, Khorramshahr, I.R. of Iran Abstract Hawksbill turtle is a species which endangered and much researchs was not done on condition of this species in Kish Island which is one of main places for nesting. This study was performed for reproductive characteristics Hawksbill turtles of kish Island in Biological and reproductive characteristics of female turtules and embryos were measured the obtained results contain average weight of turtle.143kg, straight carapace length 65cm, straight carapace width cm and the average total of eggs 92.5±2.862, number of normal eggs 74.5±2.178, number of abnormal eggs 17.3±1.548, diameter of eggs ±0.19, weight of eggs ±0.15, average straight carapace length embryo ±0.18 mm, straight carapace width ±0.15 mm and weight ±0.19gr, percent hatching success 84.76, incubation period 67 days. The highest correlation between weight and straight carapace length for embryo obtained with correlation coefficient r = Results of study showed that there is no significant difference between reproductive characteristics of Hawksbill turtles of Iranian Persian Gulf Islands and countries of Persian Gulf and Oman sea, but size of egg in Persian Gulf region is bigger than other parts of world because of female turtle smaller size than global average also average lower number of eggs and Percent of hatching success is lower than the other parts of world mainly because of oil pollution. Key words: Persian Gulf, Hawksbill turtle, Reproductive Characteristics, Hatching Success 385

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