dae) ( Calotes ) 20 (Boulenger 1912 ; Smith, 1935 ; Erdelen, 1986 ; Zhao & Adler, 1993) (Diong et al1,1994) (oriental garden lizard)

Transcription

1 2001, Oct. 22 ( 5) : CN / Q ISSN Zoological Research Ξ ( ) : ( Calotes versicolor), (SVL), ( ), SVL ; SVL,,, ( ),,, : ; ; ; ; ; : Q , Q95413 : A : (2001) ( Calotes versicolor) (Agami2 dae) ( Calotes ) 20,, ( Pope, 1935 ; Smith, 1935 ; Moody, 1980 ; Erdelen, 1986 ; Tiwari, 1990 ; Zhao & Adler, (Boulenger, 1993 ;Diong & Lim,1998), 1912 ; Smith, 1935 ; Erdelen, 1986 ; Zhao & Adler, 1993), 2000, (Diong et al1,1994),,, (, ) (oriental garden lizard),, 1 :, [ green crested lizard (18 47 N, E) ( B ronchocela cristatella) ] (Diong et al1, 1994 ; Diong, 1999,, &Lim,1998), Calotes 3 m 115 m 212 m Ξ : ; : : 151 :, ( E2mail :

2 ,, 315, ( mm 300 mm 50 mm (vermiculite), W, Simpson ( B ) ( MacArthur, 23 ; 1972) : 105), 20 B = 1/ pi p i i 33, Levins ( O jk O kj ) (Pianka, 1972, 1973) : 10 % O jk = O kj = pijpik/ ( pij2 pik2 ) 1/ 2, 1 d 5 % p, ij p ik j k i Mitutoyo :, Kol2 (snout2vent length,svl), mogorov2smirnov F2max ( Statistica ;, ; ), ;, Arcsine Loge, ( (ANOVA) (ANCOVA) Tukey,1998 ;,1999 ;Ji & Braga,1999) SVL 7819 mm, SVL ANCOVA, ; SVL 682,, = ( 1),, SVL mm, SVL mm 1 Table 1 Measurements of head, body and tail sizes in oriental garden lizards, Calotes versicolor / mm (snout2 ( N) vent length) (female hatchlings) (male hatchlings) (female juveniles) (male juveniles) (female adults) (male adults) / mm (tail length) ( / ) / % (tail length/ snout2vent length) (head length) / mm (head size) (head width) / % (relative head size) / / (head length/ (head width/ snout2vent snout2vent length) length)

3 5 : SVL (ANO2 VA, F 1,352 = 0166, P = 01416) ANCOVA (Loge ) ( F 1,70 = 6155, P < 01013) ( F 1,70 = 8107, P < 01006) ( F 1,70 = 8117, P < 01006), ( 1 3) ( F 1,204 = 3132, P = 0107), ( F 1,252 = 5158, P < 01019) ( F 1,252 = 5131, P < 01022), ( 1 2) ( F 1,351 = 48193, P < ) ( F 1,351 = 50165, P < ) ( F 1,255 = 62162, P < 01019), ( 1 3) , , , SVL (ANCOVA :, F 2,262 = 0125, P = ;, F 2,408 = 1154, P = 01216), SVL (ANCOVA : F 2,262 = 2103, P = 01133) ; SVL (ANCOVA : F 2,408 = 8190, P < 01002), 2 SVL, 212 ( 1) 1 ANOVA Fig11 Relationship between head length and snout2 (Arcsine ) ( : F 2,265 = , P < ; : F 2,411 = , P < ) ;Tukey, ( P < ) (Arcsine ) ( : F 2,191 = , P < ; : F 2,340 ( : F 2,265 = , P < ; : F 2,411 = , P < ) ; Tukey, ( P < ( P < ),010001), ( P < ), ( P > 0105), ( P > 0105) ( P < 01008) ( 1),ANOVA 213 vent length in Calotes versicolor HL : (head length) ; SVL : (snout2vent length) ;, (the solid dots and lines for females, and the blank dots and dash lines for males) = , P < ) Tukey,

4 Fig12 Relationship between head width and snout2 Fig13 Relationship between tail length and snout2 vent length in Calotes versicolor vent length in Calotes versicolor HW : (head width) ; SVL : ( snout2vent length) ; TL : (tail length) ; SVL : (snout2vent length) ;, (the solid dots and, (the solid dots and lines lines for females, and the blank dots and dash lines for males) for females, and the blank dots and dash lines for males) 4 8 (1111 %), ( 2), (2214 %) ( 1816 %) ( 1411 %) (916 %) ; (2713 %) (2214 %) (913 %) ; ( 3416 %) ( 1417 %) 3 (910 %) (910 %) ;, (2415 %) (1716 %) (1116 %) ;

5 5 : 371, ( 2 3) 2 Table 2 Prey items found in stomach contents of adult and juvenile oriental garden lizards, Calotes versicolor, collected from a population in Tongshi, Hainan (prey type) (female adults) (number) % (prey numbers and percentages) (male adults) (number) % (female juveniles) (number) % (male juveniles) (number) Mollusca Stylommatophora Bradybaenidae Arthropoda Araneida Araneidae Isopoda Armadillidae Siphonophorida Siphonophoridae Odonata Libelluidae Mantodea Mantidae Orthoptera Gryllidae Acridiidae Homoptera Cicadidae Hemiptera Pentatomidae Coleoptera Carabidae Elateridae Scarabaeidae Chrysomelidae Lepidoptera Geometridae Nymphalidae Pieridae Papilionidae Diptera Platypezidae Hymenoptera Formicidae Vespidae Apidae Bombidae (specimen numbers) : (adults) / = 57/ 105, (juveniles) / = 63/ 90 % 3 Table 3 Food niche overlap in oriental garden lizards, Calotes versicolor, collected from a population in Tongshi, Hainan (adult males) (juvenile females) (juvenile males) (adult females) (adult males) (juvenile females) 01766

6 372 22, SVL 3,,, ( 218, 136), (Ballinger, 1973 ; Vitt et al1,, 1977 ;Arnold, 1984 ; Fox et al1, 1990 ; Brown et al1, ( 1, 3) 1995),, ( 1, 3),,, (Diong et al1,1994) : (Braga & Ji,2000) (,,2000),, ; (,1994 ;,2000), (,2000),,, (,, ),,, ;, (Schoener et al1,1982 ; Shine,1991 ;Barden & Shine, (Vitt & Cooper,1985,1986 ;,1994 ; 1994 ;, 2000 ;, 2000),2000) (,1994 ;,2000) (Ji et al1,1998 ;,,2000) (Castilla et al1,1991 ; P rez2mellado et, al1,1991 ;Webb & Shine,1994 ;,2000 ;,,2000) (Braga,1996), (,2000) : (Schoener, 1971 ;Pyke et al1,1977 ;Stephens & Krebs,1986 ;,2000 ;,2000) : SVL,, ( Podarcis muralis ) (Ji & Braga, 1999 ;Braga & Ji, 2000) ( Eumeces chi2 nensis) (,2000) ( Sphenomorphus indicus) (,2000) ( Takydromus septentrionalis) (, 2000) ( ( T1wolteri) (,2000) SVL ;,,, ) Diong et al1 (1994),, SVL,

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8 (Daudin) [J ]. Hamadryad,15 (1) : Vitt L J,Cooper W E,1985. The evolution of sexual dimorphism in the skink Eumeces laticeps :an example of sexual selection [J ]. Can. J. Zool.,63 : Vitt L J,Cooper W E,1986. Skink reproduction : Eumeces f asiatus in the southeastern United States[J ]. J. Herpetol.,20 : Vitt L J,Congdon J D,Dickson N A,1977. Adaptive strategies and ener2 getics of tail autotomy in lizards[j ]. Ecology,58 : Webb J K, Shine R, Feeding habits and reproductive biology of Australian pygopodid lizard of the genus Aprasia [ J ]. Copeia, 1994 : Xu X F,Ji X,2000. A comparison of egg and hatchling characteristics of two lacertid lizards[j ]. Chin. J. Zool.,35 (3) : [,,2000..,35 (3) : ] Zhang Y P,Ji X,2000. Ontogenetic changes of sexual dimorphism in head size and food habit in grass lizards, Takydromus septentrionalis [J ]. Zool. Res.,21 (3) : [,,2000..,21 (3) : ] Zhao E M,Adler K,1993. Herpetology in China [M ]. Oxford :Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Ontogenetic Shifts of Morphology and Food Habits in the Oriental Garden Lizard, Calotes versicolor ( Aga midae) QIU Qing2Bo MA Xiao2Mei J I Xiang ( School of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal College, Hangzhou , China) Abstract : Males and females of the oriental garden lizard ( Calotes versicolor) from a population in Tong2 shi, Hainan, southern China, differ in head size at hatchlings, with males having larger heads than fe2 males. This sexual dimorphism is slightly more pro2 nounced in adults than in hatchlings. Embryos of C1 versicolor allocate relatively more resources to the growth of ecologically significant morphological charac2 ters than do characters less directly tied to early survival and growth of hatchlings. As a consequence of this al2 location pattern, hatchlings have larger heads but shorter tails relative to snout2vent length (SVL) than do juveniles and adults. Adults do not show a sexual di2 morphism in SVL, but male adults attain longer tails than do female ones at the same SVL. An isometric growth pattern with SVL s increase is showed in the head length of both sexes and the head width of females during ontogeny. However, an allometric growth pat2 tern with SVL s increase is showed in the head width of males, which the growth rate becomes increasingly fast with the ontogeny. The food niche width and overlap differ in the different age and sex groups to a certain ex2 tent. However, no direct evidence has been found to show a noticeable contribution of the divergence in head size to the food niche segregation between males and fe2 males. Key words : Calotes versicolor ; Morphology ; Sexual dimorphism ; Food habit ; Food niche width ; Food niche overlap Present address : Department of Biology, Qiongzhou University, Tongshi , China Corresponding author ( E2mail :