Sharing your passion for pets

Transcription

1 Sharing your passion for pets

2 Mission To be the veterinary hospital of choice within the communities we serve. We are driven by a dedicated team of associates committed to developing and maintaining valued relationships with our clients and enhancing the health and well being of our patients. Vision Our products and services are preferred. All team members have the necessary tools, training and knowledge to provide the best possible environment for our patients while in our care. Our success is evident by our increase in client satisfaction and loyalty through personalized care for pets and their families.

3 Help make FAMILY FRIENDS #1 again! Thanks to your support we were voted the #1 Veterinary Hospital in Grand Rapids the last 4 years. We need your help again this year. Every vote counts! Ask a team member how to vote for us in Thank You for Voting!

4 Online Information Sources Website Our website has information on our clinic as well as access to our video cameras located in Doggie Day Care. Pet Portals You can access Pet Portals from our website. Signing up will allow you to see medical information on your pets including vaccine records and medication schedules any time day or night. You can also place orders for refills on medication through Pet Portals. Facebook LIKE US ON FACEBOOK! Our Facebook page contains information regarding up-coming events. Our friends post pictures and updates about their pets anytime. Online Store You can find all of our products as well as many other fun gifts for your pet on our online store which can be accessed through our website.

5 Events and Other Opportunities Our clinic participates in events throughout the year and we are very involved in our community. We also have different activities to educate pet owners. March - Laugh Fest, People and Pets May - Bulldog Bash Summer - Gilda's Club Dog Wash July Cascade Celebration August - Vet Camp October - Bark in the Dark (West Michigan Humane Society) October - Zoo Goes Boo Volunteer Hours School tours Shaggy Pines We are a Shaggy Shuttle Pick-up Location

6 Hospital Services As a full service veterinary hospital, our capabilities are as specific as your pet s needs. Our doctors and team members are dedicated to preventative medicine and early detection of disease. Our goal is for your pet to be a healthy, happy member of your family. Puppy and Kitten Care Your new puppy or kitten s first visit will be an extended visit, which allows us to give you all of the necessary tools and information to raise a healthy puppy or kitten. We discuss vaccinations, parasite prevention, house and crate training or litter box training, socialization, nutrition, oral health, spaying and neutering, and microchipping. Our staff is trained to help you with every aspect of caring for your puppy or kitten. Wellness Care We make individual recommendations about the vaccinations that are appropriate for your adolescent and adult pets. We believe in annual heartworm testing for dogs and monthly heartworm prevention for dogs and cats. We believe keeping your pet healthy requires preventing both internal and external parasites such as fleas and ticks. We recommend year round Trifexis with seasonal Vectra or Nexgard for dogs, and year round Revolution for cats. Senior Care Our pets can t always tell us when they hurt or are not feeling well. Our focus for senior pets is to detect disease early. By detecting things like arthritis or kidney disease early we can help manage these diseases and keep your pet happier for a longer period of time.

7 Hospital Services Laboratory Services We are able to perform routine bloodwork at our facility allowing rapid accurate results to aid in the care of your pet. We run heartworm and feline leukemia/fiv tests daily. Our trained technicians run fecal samples, cytologies, and many other lab samples in house. We also have the ability to send blood and tissue samples to outside laboratories allowing us greater opportunity to care for your pet. Digital Radiology, Ultrasound, and Endoscopy Each of these allows us to safely and quickly visualize bones, soft tissue, and internal organs. With digital radiology, we can easily images to any specialist. Microchipping We recommend all pets be microchipped. Microchipping is a simple procedure that can be done at any appointment. Having your pet microchipped greatly increases the likelihood of being reunited with you if he or she does get lost. Referrals We have an excellent relationship with many specialists in the area should your pet need them. We routinely work with internal medicine specialists, dermatologists, neurologists, and ophthalmologists.

8 Hospital Services Surgery Our veterinarians are trained and experienced in routine surgeries such as spays, neuters, and declaws; as well as non-routine surgeries such as wound repairs, growth removals, and caesarian sections. Our trained surgical assistants monitor our patients carefully with equipment that measures heart rate and oxygen saturation. We use injectable, local, and oral pain medications along with laser therapy to ensure our patients are comfortable. We also have a warm and quiet ICU ward where we continue to monitor patients after their surgical procedures. We are proud of the care we provide to our surgical patients. Hospitalization We have the ability to hospitalize sick or injured patients. Our hospitalized patients are kept in the center of the hospital where they are closely monitored. Our doctors and assistants provide the best nursing care to help your pet heal quickly. Oral Care Even with regular teeth brushing and at home care pets may still need professional oral care. Dental cleanings for dogs and cats require general anesthesia, ultrasonic and hand scaling, and polishing. Our doctors are experienced with using dental radiography (x-rays) to detect dental disease above the gumline and can surgically extract teeth when necessary.

9 Hospital Services Stem Cells We use stem cells to help pets with arthritis when other therapies do not provide enough pain relief. Fat cells are surgically obtained from the pet, processed, and then injected back into the patient at the site of the arthritis. These are not embryonic stem cells but they are capable of differentiating into a variety of tissue types and generating healthy tissue, and increasing your pet s comfort level and quality of life. Laser Therapy Laser therapy uses deep penetrating light to increase endorphin release and stimulate cell healing. It is a non-invasive way to reduce inflammation, impact the rate of the healing process after injury or surgery, and to help with chronic pain or arthritis. Laser treatment is a relaxing and soothing therapy that provides pets with immediate and long-term relief without side effects. PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) PRP is blood plasma with highly concentrated platelets and other growth factors. The concentrated platelets found in PRP contain reservoirs of bioactive proteins that are vital to initiate and accelerate tissue repair. The bioactive proteins initiate healing in meniscus tissue, bone, and articular cartilage. PRP also signals the body to send in stem cells to repair the injured area. Acupuncture Acupuncture is most widely used to treat pain and is also effective in treating a wide variety of disorders. Traditional Chinese Medicine believes that the body's vital energy runs between acupuncture points along the body's surface and that a disruption of this energy flow results in disorder or disease. Stimulating acupuncture points with needles helps to increase the flow of energy and remove any blockages to regain balance within the body.

10 Vaccination FAQ Q: What are vaccines? A: Vaccines are health products that trigger protective immune responses in pets and prepare them to fight future infections from disease-causing agents. Vaccines can lessen the severity of future diseases and certain vaccines can prevent infection altogether. Today, a variety of vaccines are available for use by veterinarians. Q: Is it important to vaccinate? A: Yes! Pets should be vaccinated to protect them from many highly contagious and deadly diseases. Experts agree that widespread use of vaccines within the last century has prevented death and disease in millions of animals. Even though some formerly common diseases have now become uncommon, vaccination is still highly recommended because these serious disease agents continue to be present in the environment. Q: Which vaccines should pets receive? A: When designing a vaccination program, veterinarians consider the pet's lifestyle, related disease risks, and the characteristics of available vaccines. "Core vaccines" (e.g., rabies, feline panleukopenia, feline viral rhinotracheitis, feline calicivirus infection, canine distemper, canine parvovirus infection, and canine hepatitis) are recommended for most pets. Additional "non-core vaccines" (e.g., feline leukemia, canine kennel cough and other vaccines) may be appropriate based on the pet's particular needs. Q: How often should pets be revaccinated? A: Veterinarians have traditionally vaccinated annually; however, they are now learning that some vaccines induce immunity that lasts less than one year, whereas others may induce immunity that lasts well beyond one year. The AVMA recommends that veterinarians customize vaccination programs to the needs of their patients. More than one vaccination program may be effective.

11 Vaccination FAQ Q: How does my pet's lifestyle affect its vaccination program? A: Some pets are homebodies and have modest opportunity for exposure to infectious disease, whereas others have a great deal of exposure to other pets and/or wildlife and infectious disease by virtue of their activities. Still other pets live in geographic areas that place them at greater risk for contracting some infectious diseases. Differences in lifestyle illustrate the importance of customizing a vaccination program to individual patients. Q: Are there risks associated with vaccination? A: Vaccines have protected millions of animals from illness and death caused by infectious diseases. All medical procedures, however, carry with them some risk. Fortunately, in the case of vaccination, serious adverse responses are very infrequent. Veterinarians minimize risk by carefully selecting vaccines on the basis of a pet's individual needs and by choosing appropriate injection sites. In an effort to find ways to prevent even these limited numbers of adverse responses from occurring, the AVMA is working with government and industry to redefine how information regarding adverse responses is gathered, analyzed, and disseminated. Q: What should I expect after my pet's vaccination? A: It's common for pets to experience some mild side effects after receiving a vaccine. You should talk with your veterinarian about what to expect after vaccination, and be sure to inform him or her if your pet has had prior reactions to any vaccine or medication. More serious, but less common side effects, such as allergic reactions, can be life-threatening and are medical emergencies. Seek veterinary care immediately if any of these signs develop: Persistent vomiting or diarrhea Itchy skin that may seem bumpy ("hives") Swelling of the muzzle and around the face, neck, or eyes Severe coughing or difficulty breathing Collapse Q: Is serologic testing useful to evaluate immunity to some diseases? A: Theoretically, tests that measure antibody response (i.e., serologic titers) may help veterinarians determine the need for revaccination in some cases. Unfortunately, veterinarians cannot be certain that a specific concentration of antibody is always protective or that a lower concentration leaves an animal unprotected.

12 12 Dog Diseases You Can Combat with Vaccination and Deworming 1. Rabies (this can be spread to people) 2. Canine parvovirus infection ("parvo") 3. Canine distemper 4. Leptospirosis 5. Canine adenovirus-2 6. Canine parainfluenza 7. Canine enteric coronavirus 8. Canine influenza 9. Lyme disease 10. Bordetellosis ("kennel cough") 11. Heartworm disease 12. Intestinal worms (roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, tapeworms, etc., some of which can also infect people)

13 Canine Distemper Canine distemper is a contagious and serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous systems of puppies and dogs. The virus can also be found in wildlife such as foxes, wolves, coyotes, raccoons, skunks, mink and ferrets and has been reported in lions, tigers, leopards and other wild cats as well as seals. How is canine distemper spread? Puppies and dogs most often become infected through airborne exposure (through sneezing or coughing) to the virus from an infected dog or wild animal. The virus can also be transmitted by shared food and water bowls and equipment. Infected dogs can shed the virus for months, and mother dogs can pass the virus through the placenta to their puppies. Because canine distemper also impacts wildlife populations, contact between wild animals and domestic dogs can facilitate the spread of the virus. Canine distemper outbreaks in local raccoon populations can signal increased risk for pet dogs in the area. What are the symptoms of canine distemper? Initially, infected dogs will develop watery to pus-like discharge from their eyes. They then develop fever, nasal discharge, coughing, lethargy, reduced appetite, and vomiting. As the virus attacks the nervous system, infected dogs develop circling behavior, head tilt, muscle twitches, convulsions with jaw chewing movements and salivation ( chewing gum fits ), seizures, and partial or complete paralysis. The virus may also cause the footpads to thicken and harden, leading to its nickname hard pad disease. In wildlife, infection with canine distemper closely resembles rabies. Distemper is often fatal, and dogs that survive usually have permanent, irreparable nervous system damage.

14 Canine Distemper What dogs are at risk? All dogs are at risk but puppies younger than four months old and dogs that have not been vaccinated against canine distemper are at increased risk of acquiring the disease. How is canine distemper diagnosed and treated? Veterinarians diagnose canine distemper through clinical appearance and laboratory testing. There is no cure for canine distemper infection. Treatment typically consists of supportive care and efforts to prevent secondary infections; control vomiting, diarrhea and neurologic symptoms; and combat dehydration through administration of fluids. Dogs infected with canine distemper be separated from other dogs to minimize the risk of further infection. How is canine distemper prevented? Vaccination is crucial in preventing canine distemper. A series of vaccinations is administered to puppies to increase the likelihood of building immunity when the immune system has not yet fully matured. Avoid gaps in the immunization schedule and make sure distemper vaccinations are up to date. Avoid contact with infected animals and wildlife Use caution when socializing puppies or unvaccinated dogs at parks, puppy classes, obedience classes, doggy day care and other places where dogs can congregate. Pet ferrets should be vaccinated against canine distemper using a USDA-approved ferret vaccine.

15 Leptospirosis Leptospirosis is a disease caused by infection with Leptospira bacteria. These bacteria can be found worldwide in soil and water. There are many strains of Leptospira bacteria that can cause disease. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, which means it can be spread from animals to people. Infection in people can cause flu-like symptoms and can cause liver or kidney disease. In the United States, most cases of human leptospirosis result from recreational activities involving water. Infection resulting from contact with an infected pet is much less common, but it is possible. Leptospirosis is more common in areas with warm climates and high annual rainfall but it can occur anywhere. Risk factors for Leptospirosis Dogs are most commonly affected. Leptospirosis in cats is rare and appears to be mild although very little is known about the disease in this species. Common risk factors for leptospirosis in dogs residing in the United States include exposure to or drinking from rivers, lakes or streams; roaming on rural properties (because of exposure to potentially infected wildlife, farm animals, or water sources); exposure to wild animal or farm animal species, even if in the backyard; and contact with rodents or other dogs. Dogs can become infected and develop leptospirosis if their mucous membranes (or skin with any wound, such as a cut or scrape) come into contact with infected urine, urine-contaminated soil, water, food or bedding; through a bite from an infected animal; by eating infected tissues or carcasses; and rarely, through breeding. It can also be passed through the placenta from the mother dog to the puppies.

16 Signs of Leptospirosis The signs of leptospirosis in dogs vary. Some infected dogs do not show any signs of illness, some have a mild and transient illness and recover spontaneously, while others develop severe illness and death. Signs of leptospirosis may include fever, shivering, muscle tenderness, reluctance to move, increased thirst, changes in the frequency or amount of urination, dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, lethargy, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes), or painful inflammation within the eyes. The disease can cause kidney failure with or without liver failure. Dogs may occasionally develop severe lung disease and have difficulty breathing. Leptospirosis can cause bleeding disorders, which can lead to blood-tinged vomit, urine, stool or saliva; nosebleeds; and pinpoint red spots (which may be visible on the gums and other mucous membranes or on lightcolored skin). Affected dogs can also develop swollen legs (from fluid accumulation) or accumulate excess fluid in their chest or abdomen. Leptospirosis may be suspected based on the exposure history and signs shown by the dog, but many of these signs can also be seen with other diseases. In addition to a physical examination, your veterinarian may recommend a number of other tests such as blood tests, urine tests, radiographs (xrays), and an ultrasound examination. Treatment and Prevention Leptospirosis is generally treated with antibiotics and supportive care. When treated early and aggressively, the chances for recovery are good but there is still a risk of permanent residual kidney or liver damage. Currently available vaccines effectively prevent leptospirosis and protect dogs for at least 12 months. Annual vaccination is recommended for at-risk dogs. Reducing your dog s exposure to possible sources of the Leptospira bacteria can reduce its chances of infection. Although an infected pet dog presents a low risk of infection for you and your family, there is still some risk. If your dog has been diagnosed with leptospirosis, take the following precautions to protect yourself: Administer antibiotics as prescribed by your veterinarian; Avoid contact with your dog s urine; If your dog urinates in your home, quickly clean the area with a household disinfectant and wear gloves to avoid skin contact with the urine; Encourage your dog to urinate away from standing water or areas where people or other animals will have access; Wash your hands after handling your pet. If you are ill or if you have questions about leptospirosis in people, consult your physician. If you are pregnant or immunocompromised (due to medications, cancer treatment, HIV or other conditions) consult your physician for advice.

17 Canine Parvovirus Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious virus that can affect all dogs, but unvaccinated dogs and puppies younger than four months old are the most at risk. Dogs that are ill from canine parvovirus infection are often said to have "parvo." The virus affects dogs' gastrointestinal tracts and is spread by direct dog-to-dog contact and contact with contaminated feces (stool), environments, or people. The virus can also contaminate kennel surfaces, food and water bowls, collars and leashes, and the hands and clothing of people who handle infected dogs. It is resistant to heat, cold, humidity, and drying, and can survive in the environment for long periods of time. Even trace amounts of feces from an infected dog may harbor the virus and infect other dogs that come into the infected environment. The virus is readily transmitted from place to place on the hair or feet of dogs or via contaminated cages, shoes, or other objects. Signs of parvovirus Some of the signs of parvovirus include lethargy; loss of appetite; abdominal pain and bloating; fever or low body temperature (hypothermia); vomiting; and severe, often bloody, diarrhea. Persistent vomiting and diarrhea can cause rapid dehydration, and damage to the intestines and immune system can cause septic shock. If your puppy or dog shows any of these signs, you should contact your veterinarian immediately. Most deaths from parvovirus occur within 48 to 72 hours following the onset of clinical signs. If your puppy or dog shows any of these signs, you should contact your veterinarian immediately.

18 Canine Parvovirus Diagnosis and treatment Parvovirus infection is often suspected based on the dog s history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Fecal testing can confirm the diagnosis. No specific drug is available that will kill the virus in infected dogs, and treatment is intended to support the dog s body systems until the dog s immune system can fight off the viral infection. Treatment should be started immediately and consists primarily of intensive care efforts to combat dehydration by replacing electrolyte, protein and fluid losses, controlling vomiting and diarrhea, and preventing secondary infections. Sick dogs should be kept warm and receive good nursing care. When a dog develops parvo, treatment can be very expensive, and the dog may die despite aggressive treatment. Early recognition and aggressive treatment are very important in successful outcomes. With proper treatment, survival rates can approach 90%. Since parvovirus is highly contagious, isolation of infected dogs is necessary to minimize spread of infection. Proper cleaning and disinfection of contaminated kennels and other areas where infected dogs are (or have been) housed is essential to control the spread of parvovirus. The virus is not easily killed, so consult your veterinarian for specific guidance on cleaning and disinfecting agents.

19 Canine Parvovirus Preventing parvovirus Vaccination and good hygiene are critical components of prevention. Young puppies are very susceptible to infection, particularly because the natural immunity provided in their mothers milk may wear off before the puppies own immune systems are mature enough to fight off infection. If a puppy is exposed to canine parvovirus during this gap in protection, it may become ill. An additional concern is that immunity provided by a mother s milk may interfere with an effective response to vaccination. This means even vaccinated puppies may occasionally be infected by parvovirus and develop disease. To reduce gaps in protection and provide the best protection against parvovirus during the first few months of life, a series of puppy vaccinations are administered. Puppies should receive a dose of canine parvovirus vaccine between 14 and 16 weeks of age, regardless of how many doses they received earlier, to develop adequate protection. To protect their adult dogs, pet owners should be sure that their dog s parvovirus vaccination is up-todate. There are titers available that measure the dog s level of antibodies against the canine parvovirus, but the antibody level may not directly translate to protection if the dog is exposed to the virus. Ask your veterinarian about a recommended prevention program for your dog. Until a puppy has received its complete series of vaccinations, pet owners should use caution when bringing their pet to places where young puppies congregate (e.g. pet shops, parks, puppy classes, obedience classes, doggy daycare, kennels, and grooming establishments). Reputable establishments and training programs reduce exposure risk by requiring vaccinations, health examinations, good hygiene, and isolation of ill puppies and dogs. Contact with known infected dogs and their premises should always be avoided. In spite of proper vaccination, a small percentage of dogs do not develop protective immunity and remain susceptible to infection. Finally, do not let your puppy or adult dog to come into contact with the fecal waste of other dogs while walking or playing outdoors. Prompt and proper disposal of waste material is always advisable as a way to limit spread of canine parvovirus infection as well as other diseases that can infect humans and animals. Dogs with vomiting or diarrhea or other dogs which have been exposed to ill dogs should not be taken to kennels, show grounds, dog parks, or other areas where they will come into contact with other dogs. Similarly, unvaccinated dogs should not be exposed to ill dogs or those with unknown vaccination histories. People who are in contact with sick or exposed dogs should avoid handling of other dogs or at least wash their hands and change their clothes before doing so.

20 Canine Influenza Canine influenza (CI, or dog flu) is caused by the canine influenza virus (CIV), an influenza A virus. It is highly contagious and easily spread from infected dogs to other dogs by direct contact, nasal secretions (through barking, coughing or sneezing), contaminated objects (kennel surfaces, food and water bowls, collars and leashes), and by people moving between infected and uninfected dogs. Dogs of any breed, age, sex or health status are at risk of infection when exposed to the virus. Currently, two strains of CIV have been identified in the U.S. The H3N8 strain of canine influenza was first identified in 2004 in Florida. Since then, it has been found in several other states. In 2015, the H3N2 virus strain was identified as the cause of an outbreak of canine influenza in Chicago. The virus was known to exist in Asia, but the 2015 outbreak was the first report of the H3N2 virus affecting dogs outside of Asia. Canine influenza can occur year round. So far, there is no evidence that canine influenza infects people. Canine influenza and cats In early 2016, a group of cats in an Indiana shelter were infected with H3N2 canine influenza (passed to them by infected dogs). The findings suggested that cat-to-cat transmission was possible. Cats infected with H3N2 canine influenza show symptoms of upper respiratory illness, including a runny nose, congestion, malaise, lip smacking and excessive salivation.

21 Canine Influenza Canine influenza symptoms and diagnosis The symptoms of a CIV infection resemble those of canine infectious tracheobronchitis ("kennel cough"). Dogs infected with CIV develop a persistent cough and may develop a thick nasal discharge and fever (often o F). Other signs can include lethargy, eye discharge and reduced appetite. Canine influenza infections can cause mild to severe illness in dogs. Some infected dogs may not show any signs of illness, but can still be contagious and able to infect other dogs Most dogs recover within 2-3 weeks. However, some dogs may develop secondary bacterial infections which may lead to more severe illness and pneumonia. Anyone with concerns about their pet s health, or whose pet is showing signs of canine influenza, should contact their veterinarian. Laboratory tests are available to diagnose both H3N8 and H3N2 CIV. Consult your veterinarian for more information regarding testing for CIV. Transmission and prevention of canine influenza Dogs infected with CIV are most contagious during the two- to four- day virus incubation period, when they shed the virus in their nasal secretions but do not show signs of illness. The virus is highly contagious and almost all dogs exposed to CIV will become infected. The majority (80%) of infected dogs develop flu-like illness. The mortality (death) rate from CIV is low (less than 10%). To reduce the spread of CIV, isolate dogs that are sick or showing signs of a respiratory illness, and isolate dogs known to have been exposed to an infected dog. Isolate dogs infected with H3N2 canine influenza for at least 21 days and dogs infected with H3N8 CIV for at least 7 days. Practice good hygiene and sanitation, including hand washing and thorough cleaning of shared items and kennels, to reduce the spread of CIV. Influenza viruses do not usually survive in the environment beyond 48 hours and are inactivated or killed by commonly used disinfectants. Vaccines are available for both the H3N8 and H3N2 strains of canine influenza virus. The CIV vaccination is a "lifestyle" vaccination, recommended for dogs at risk of exposure due to their increased exposure to other dogs such as boarding, attending social events with dogs present, and visiting dog parks. Your veterinarian can provide you with additional information about the vaccines and whether you should consider vaccinating your dog.

22 8 cat diseases you can prevent with vaccination and deworming 1. Rabies (this can be spread to people) 2. Feline panleukopenia (feline distemper) 3. Feline herpesvirus infection 4. Feline calicivirus infection 5. Feline leukemia (FeLV) 6. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection 7. Heartworm disease 8. Intestinal worms (roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, tapeworms, etc., some of which can also infect people)

23 Feline Panleukopenia In the past, feline panleukopenia (FP) was a leading cause of death in cats. Today, it is an uncommon disease, due in large part to the availability and use of very effective vaccines. The disease is also called feline distemper or feline parvo. What is feline panleukopenia? Feline panleukopenia (FP) is a highly contagious viral disease of cats caused by the feline parvovirus. Kittens are most severely affected by the virus. The names feline distemper and feline parvo should not be confused with canine distemper or canine parvo although their names are similar, they are caused by different viruses. The viruses do not infect people. The feline parvovirus infects and kills cells that are rapidly growing and dividing, such as those in the bone marrow, intestines, and the developing fetus. Which cats are susceptible to FP? Because the FP virus is everywhere in the environment, virtually all kittens and cats are exposed to the virus at some point in their lives. While cats of any age may be infected with the feline parvovirus that causes FP, young kittens, sick cats, and unvaccinated cats are most susceptible. It is most commonly seen in cats 3-5 months of age; death from FP is more common at this age. The virus has appeared in all parts of the United States and most countries of the world. Kennels, pet shops, animal shelters, unvaccinated feral cat colonies, and other areas where groups of cats are housed together appear to be the main reservoirs of FP. During the warm months, urban areas are likely to see outbreaks of FP because cats are more likely to come in contact with other cats.

24 Feline Panleukopenia How do cats become infected? Cats can shed the virus in their urine, stool, and nasal secretions; infection occurs when susceptible cats come in contact with these secretions, or even the fleas from infected cats. An infected cat tends to shed the virus for a relatively short period of time (1-2 days), but the virus can survive for up to a year in the environment, so cats may become infected without ever coming into direct contact with an infected cat. Bedding, cages, food dishes, and the hands or clothing of people who handle the infected cat may harbor the virus and transmit it to other cats. It is, therefore, very important to isolate infected cats. Any materials used on or for infected cats should not be used or allowed to come in contact with other cats, and people handling infected cats should practice proper hygiene to prevent spreading the infection. The virus that causes FP is difficult to destroy and resistant to many disinfectants. Ideally, unvaccinated cats should not be allowed into an area where an infected cat has been even if the area has been disinfected. How is FP diagnosed? The signs of FP can vary and may be similar to other illnesses such as Salmonella or Campylobacter infection, pancreatitis, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection, or feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection. Infected cats may even show signs that resemble those seen when a cat has been poisoned or has swallowed a foreign object. The FP virus causes damage to the cells that line the intestines. It also attacks the bone marrow and lymph nodes, resulting in shortages of all types of white blood cells (panleukopenia) and of red blood cells (anemia). The first visible signs an owner might notice include generalized depression, loss of appetite, high fever, lethargy, vomiting, severe diarrhea, nasal discharge, and dehydration. Sick cats may sit for long periods of time in front of their water bowls but not drink much water. In some cats, the fever will come and go during the illness and abruptly fall to lower-than-normal levels shortly before death. In young kittens, the virus can also damage the brain and the eyes. Pregnant female cats that are infected with the virus and become ill (even if they do not appear seriously ill) may abort or give birth to kittens with severe damage to the cerebellum, a part of the brain that coordinates nerves, muscles and bones to produce body movements. These kittens are born with a syndrome called feline cerebellar ataxia, and their movement is accompanied by severe tremors (shaking). Feline panleukopenia may be suspected based on a history of exposure to an infected cat, lack of vaccination, and the visible signs of illness. When that history of exposure is combined with blood tests that show severely reduced levels of all white blood cell types, FP is likely the cause of the cat s illness. FP is confirmed when the feline parvovirus is found in the cat s stool, but the results might be falsely positive if the cat was vaccinated for FP within 5-12 days prior to the test.

25 Feline Panleukopenia How is FP treated? The likelihood of recovery from FP for infected kittens less than eight weeks old is poor. Older cats have a greater chance of survival if adequate treatment is provided early. Since there are no medications capable of killing the virus, intensive care and treatment are critical to support the cat s health with medications and fluids until its own body and immune system can fight off the virus. Without such supportive care, up to 90% of cats with FP may die. Treatment focuses on correcting dehydration, providing nutrients, and preventing secondary infection. Although antibiotics do not kill the virus, they are often necessary because infected cats are at a higher risk of bacterial infections because their immune systems are not fully functioning (due to the decreased white blood cells) and because bacteria from the damaged gut may enter the cat s bloodstream and cause infection. If the cat survives for five days, its chances for recovery are greatly improved. Strict isolation from other cats is necessary to prevent spread of the virus. Other cats that may have been in contact with the infected cat, or in contact with objects or people who were in close contact with the sick cat, should be carefully monitored for any visible signs of illness. In most cases, once a cat recovers from FP, it will not infect other cats through direct contact, but some recovered cats can shed the virus in their stool and urine for up to 6 weeks. How can FP be prevented? Cats that survive an infection develop immunity that likely protects them for the rest of their lives. Mild cases that go unnoticed will also produce immunity from future infection. It is also possible for kittens to receive temporary immunity through the transfer of antibodies in the colostrum the first milk produced by the mother. This is called passive immunity, and how long it protects the kittens from infection depends upon the levels of protective antibodies produced by the mother. It rarely lasts longer than 12 weeks. Prevention is vital to your cat s health. Today, there are vaccines that offer the best protection from feline parvovirus infection. Vaccination is equally important for strictly indoor cats as well as indoor/outdoor cats because the virus is everywhere in the environment. Most young kittens receive their first vaccination between six and eight weeks of age and follow-up vaccines are given until the kitten is around 16 weeks of age. Adult vaccination schedules vary with the age and health of the cat, as well as the risk of FP in the area. Consult your veterinarian for advice on an appropriate vaccination schedule for your cat(s).

26 Family Friends Pet Care Center

27 Grooming We believe that routine grooming is an integral part of your pet s routine health care. Regular grooming is important to maintain hygiene, control shedding, and eliminate odor from dogs and cats. It can also help in early detection of potential health concerns. We are a full service grooming facility for dogs and cats. Grooming services are available by appointment Monday through Saturday. Services range from bath and brush to detailed AKC breed styling, general trims, and hand stripping. By request, we can reserve time to groom doggie daycare and boarding guests during their stay for your convenience. Grooming Sessions Include: Shampoo Bath High Velocity Blow Dry Brush Out Nail Trim Pluck and Clean Ears Anal Sac Expression Bows or Bandannas Prices vary by size, breed, coat, temperament, and type of grooming. We offer programs for puppies to help them become accustomed to the grooming procedure. These programs benefit every puppy, no matter the breed, because every dog requires some aspect of grooming whether it is a nail trim, ear cleaning, anal gland expression, or more advanced trimming and dematting. We teach owners about proper pet maintenance, and provide puppies with an early, gentle, and gradual introduction to grooming. Grooming is by appointment only, so please call and schedule an appointment today.

28 Training Training dogs to be well mannered, happy members of our families is a crucial part to enjoying a long, healthy life with them. Our classes are taught in a fun, educational environment at our own facility. Our goal is to provide individualized care for your canine friend while you learn in an informative group setting. Puppy Play and Learn Our FREE Puppy Play N Learn events are held on the first Tuesday of each month for an hour (excluding holidays). Puppies between 8 weeks and 16 weeks are welcome to join. Please feel welcome to join us for play time, information, and fun! Please call (616) or (pcc@familyfriendsvet.com) if you have a question about the date Puppy Play N' Learn falls on. Requirements: Up to date on Distemper/Parvo series Bordetella vaccine Negative stool exam Rabies Vaccine if 16 Weeks or Older We look forward to seeing you and your puppy there!

29 Training Basic Obedience Puppy Class Now offering puppy classes for puppies under 6 months! Our Puppy Classes are broken up into hour long sessions once a week for 6 weeks. The goal of the class is to learn the basics of training and interacting with your new puppy. Each class will cover specific topics in a positive manner. Please call or our clinic for dates, times, and prices. Overview of the course: Week 1: Introduction, Puppy s Name, Reinforcement Week 2: Sit, Eye Contact Week 3: Crate Training, House Training, Come Week 4: Down, Relax Week 5: Leave It, No Jumping Week 6: Review/Graduation Requirements: Distemper series started Bordetella vaccine Negative stool exam Rabies Vaccine if 16 Weeks or Older Call our pet care center for scheduling and current tuition.

30 Our Practice Recommends Year Round Heartworm, Flea and Intestinal Parasite Preventative Lifestyle Appropriate Vaccinations Annual Heartworm and Tick Transmitted Disease Testing in Dogs Annual Stool Exams for Dogs and Cats Tick Preventative from April to December Spay/Neuter Pets at 6 Months of Age Annual Wellness Screenings Senior Care with Comprehensive Monitoring Pre-Surgical Blood Profiles Annual Dental Evaluations Boarding, Grooming, and Day Care Vaccine and Parasite Protocol All Pets must be Free from Internal and External Parasites Proof of Current Vaccinations given by a Veterinarian will be required for Boarding, Day Care, Grooming, and Day Stays Canine: Feline: Distemper/Parvo Vaccination Distemper/Respiratory Vaccination Rabies Vaccination Rabies Vaccination Bordetella (Kennel Cough) Vaccination Annual Stool Exam Clear of Parasites Annual Stool Exam Clear of Parasites

31 Boarding Family Friends offers both canine and feline boarding. Our highly trained and dedicated kennel team will provide tender loving care while you are away. Our goal is to keep them happy and active while they are in our care. To give you additional peace of mind we have a veterinary team available should your pet need additional care. Our Pet Care Center is open Monday thru Friday 7 am-7 pm, Saturday 7am-2pm. We also offer Sunday afternoon pick up 4pm 7pm. Our canine facility includes twenty five spacious dog runs in addition to our many cozy kennels. Our separate feline exclusive area has fourteen kitty condos. Each area is equipped with its own heating and cooling system to ensure a safe and comfortable environment. Free nail trims are offered to all boarding guests. Dogs are exercised three times a day. If you would like your pet to have some additional exercise we encourage you to look into our Doggie Day Care Program and our Lodging Menu. We have discounted rates for pets who are boarding. Shaggy Pines can also pick up your dog while he or she is here boarding and transport them to the dog park. This way you can be sure they don't miss out on anything at the park while you are away. This service is available to all Shaggy Pines members and all arrangements are to be made with Shaggy Pines prior to your dog's stay at Family Friends. If your pet is on medication our trained kennel team will be happy to administer their medication for an additional daily fee. For your pet s protection we require them to be up to date on their vaccinations and be free of internal and external parasites.

32 Family Friends Pet Care Center It is our pleasure to serve you and your pets. Below is a list of additional services which we have available. We hope to make your pet s stay as enjoyable as possible. If your pet has any special requirements please make us aware so we can provide the best possible care. Included Services for our canine visitors: 3 walks per day Food, Bowls, & Bedding provided Complimentary Flea Treatment Complimentary Nail Trim Included Services for our feline visitors: Food, Bowls, Bedding, & Litter provided Complimentary Nail Trim Additional Services that we offer: Activity Packages Administration of medications & supplements Comprehensive grooming Bath and Brush out Bath, Brush out, and Trim Routine health care Flea/Tick Preventative Heartworm/Intestinal parasite Preventative Doggie Day Care Shaggy Shuttle to Shaggy Pines Dog Park Puppy Classes Puppy Play n Learn

33 Doggie Day Care We understand dogs and their need to be social and active. Boredom can lead to destructive behaviors such as chewing, barking, and digging. Playing keeps a dog s body and mind active while creating a healthier, happier, better behaving family member. That is why your pet s time here is filled with lots of play, activities, and attention. The daycare room is never left unattended and you can watch your dog playing with others throughout the day on our web cam. During these times they will be socializing with others inside and outside. Your dog will go home exercised, socialized and tired! Getting Started Our team s number one priority is to ensure that each pet is safe during their time at Family Friends. To ensure the safety of our other guests and staff we require information on your dog s health, vaccination history, and behavior during certain daily activities. Prior to your dog's first Day Care visit we will meet with you and your dog for a behavioral evaluation to determine if day care is right for them. If day care is right for your dog they are welcome to play in Day Care as often as you would like. Requirements To attend Day Care all dogs must pass a behavioral evaluation, be up-to-date on their vaccinations, and free of internal and external parasites. Dogs over 6 months of age must be spayed or neutered. Hours and Prices Daycare is open Monday Friday from 7am to 7pm, and Saturday 7am to 1pm. Additional Saturday and Sunday hours are available for boarding pets. Full day and Half day rates are available. A full day is considered anything over 6 hours while a half day is anything less than 6 hours. You can take advantage of discounts by purchasing a 5, 10, or 20 day coupon packs for which consecutive day stays are not required. We also have discounted prices for our boarding guests.

34 Reproductive Services At Family Friends Veterinary Hospital we provide exceptional reproductive services through our dedicated reproductive team. We look forward to the opportunity to help your pet have healthy offspring. We are proud to offer the following services for breeding dogs. Fertility Evaluation for Males and Females Reproductive organ evaluation and treatment Fertility Enhancement DNA Testing for parentage and disease Ovulation Timing and Progesterone Testing Vaginal Smears/Cytologies and cultures Brucellosis Testing Ultrasound Artificial Insemination Semen Collection and Evaluation Chilled Semen We Process and Ship Onsite Frozen Semen Storage Caesarian Sections Show Quality Tail and Dewclaw Removal Experienced Neonatal and Pediatric Care Comprehensive Litter Examinations and Health Care OFA Thyroid Testing OFA Hip and Elbow Radiographs (digital) Penn-Hip Radiographs (digital)

35 Celebrate Seniors THESE EYES have always looked up to you. Now let them see HOW MUCH YOU CARE.

36 Becoming a Senior The term senior has been chosen to describe the aging and older pet. The number of years considered to be senior may vary, and one must keep in mind that organ systems, species, and breeds age at different rates. The American Animal Hospital Association defines senior pets as those animals in the last 25 % of predicted life span. Most veterinarians consider dogs as senior by the time they are six or seven years of age, and cats senior by the time they are between seven and ten years of age. Pets, of course, age at a more rapid rate than humans, and therefore, pets move from a senior pet age to a geriatric pet age within three years of when they are first recognized as a senior pet. Your Family Friend s veterinarian will have a protocol in place for your senior pet. Our goals for the healthcare of our senior pets are: Promote early detection of disease in the apparently healthy pet Prevent or delay morbidity and mortality whenever possible Help pet owners to understand common clinical conditions in senior pets Provide education on all aspects of screening, diagnosis, treatment Assist pet owners to evaluate quality of life Preventative Care As pets age parasite control and disease prevention becomes even more important. Heartworm Senior dogs and cats are just as likely to be bitten by a heartworm infected mosquito as a younger pet. A heartworm infection in a senior pet could be even more threatening as heart function may already be compromised. Thankfully heartworm infection in both dogs and cats is easily prevented. An annual heartworm test for dogs and monthly heartworm prevention for all pets is recommended regardless of age. Vaccinations Your senior pet s vaccination protocol will be tailored to meet their needs based on lifestyle and risk of exposure to infectious diseases. Most senior pets will require regular vaccinations because all dogs and cats can potentially come into contact with infectious diseases, some of which could be life threatening. Preventing diseases is easier than treating illnesses especially in an older pet. Intestinal Parasites Pets come in contact with intestinal parasites regularly and they can infect both young and old pets. Fortunately, intestinal parasites are easy to prevent as monthly heartworm preventatives also deworm for the most common intestinal parasites. We recommend annual screening for intestinal parasites for all pets.

37 External Parasites Fleas and ticks are not only a nuisance to humans and animals they can also cause medical problems for our pets, including flea allergy dermatitis, tapeworm infections, anemia, and Lyme Disease for example. It is easier to prevent a flea or tick infestation than to treat one. We recommend prevention for all pets regardless of life stage. Dental Care Dental disease is a common disease in senior pets. It not only affects the mouth but can lead to problems with the heart, kidneys, liver, and other organs. The key to keeping a senior pet s mouth healthy is to detect dental disease early. Treatment for dental disease may include at home care, oral care vaccinations, professional dental cleanings, and possibly extraction of teeth. Nutrition and Weight Management As pets age their nutritional requirements may change. Pet foods specifically designed for senior pets usually have fewer calories to prevent obesity in a pet that is less active, contain more protein to help maintain lean muscle mass, have more fiber to help with digestion and a healthy digestive tract, and are supplemented with vitamins, minerals, and joint supplements. The most important aspect of feeding a senior pet is to keep them at a healthy weight. Obesity has numerous negative effects and can complicate diabetes, heart disease, liver disease, and arthritis. Obesity can shorten a pet s life by up to 2 years. Supplements Glucosamine/Chondroitin Glucosamine and Chondroitin are supplements that promote the formation of new cartilage and repair of existing cartilage. These supplements also help decrease the destruction of cartilage, which results in healthier less painful joints. They are usually well tolerated with few side-effects. Some dogs or cats will experience some soft stool while on these supplements. You can find many different formulations of Glucosamine and Chondroitin. We recommend Dasuquin Advanced which contains Glucosamine, Chondroitin, MSM, and antioxidants. MSM MSM is usually found in combination with Glucosamine and Chondroitin. MSM provides the body with sulfur which is a vital building block of joints, cartilage, skin, hair and nails. SAMe SAMe can help patients with arthritis by increasing the thickness of the cartilage in the joints and may help decrease destruction of cartilage. SAMe may also help with liver function and decrease cognitive decline in older dogs. Fish Oil/Fatty Acids Most fish oil supplements contain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Research shows that omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation and may help lower the risk of chronic diseases such as arthritis and cancer. Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and other antioxidants Antioxidants help reduce cell damage in the body. Antioxidants may help with skin disorders, immune system health, heart disease, and overall help your pet age gracefully. Most antioxidants are found in combination with other supplements such as our joint supplement, Dasuquin Advanced.

38 Probiotics Probiotics are live microorganisms that are administered to help with intestinal balance. One important characteristic of probiotics is they are able to decrease the proliferation and virulence of potentially harmful organisms. They are also thought to have direct effects on patients that have immune system disease such as allergies, dental disease, and nervous system diseases. Probiotics are safe and have no side-effects. Probiotics are great supplements to give our senior pets to help with digestion and many other diseases. We carry several different probiotics should you be interested in giving them to your senior pet. Multi-Vitamins Most dogs and cats fed a good quality diet will not need supplementation with a mutli-vitamin. Please ask your veterinarian if you believe your pet needs a vitamin supplement. If there are other supplements you feel your pet would benefit from please check with us to be sure it is safe and effective. Arthritis Arthritis is a disease in which joint cartilage deteriorates. Normally the cartilage is a smooth surface that allows joint surfaces to glide easily back and forth. With arthritis the joint surfaces progressively become rough and poorly lubricated so movement of the joint is decreased and painful. Signs of arthritis in dogs and cats vary. Some dogs and cats with arthritis will not show any signs. Others may have a change in personality or become snippy. Owners may notice limping or stiffness, slower movements, difficulty getting up when sitting or lying down, and decreased ability to jump on and off furniture. Risk factors for arthritis include obesity, trauma, previous injury, breed, and older age. Treatments for Arthritis Controlled Exercise Regular low-impact exercise is important for dogs and cats with arthritis. When exercise is done in a safe and controlled environment pets will have more mobility, greater range of motion, and more muscle mass. We recommend our underwater treadmill for low-impact exercise. Our rehabilitation department also can offer at-home exercise plans that you can do with your dog or cat to have a lasting impact on their comfort level. Weight Control Maintaining an ideal weight is a great way to help control arthritis pain. Extra weight creates greater stress on your pet s joints and can aggravate arthritis. Overweight pet are also at risk for other health problems so talk to us about your pet s ideal weight. Weight loss is a great way to help make your pet more comfortable. Laser Therapy Laser therapy uses deep penetrating light to increase endorphin release and stimulate cell healing. It is a non-invasive way to help with the chronic pain associated with arthritis. Laser treatment is a relaxing and soothing therapy that provides pets with immediate and long-term relief without side-effects.

39 Joint Supplements We recommend Dasuquin Advanced joint supplement. It is a supplement that contains Glucosamine, Chondroitin, MSM, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and other antioxidants to promote the formation of new cartilage and repair existing cartilage. Dasuquin Advanced is well tolerated without side effects. And is provided in a treat form. Fish Oil We recommend a brand name veterinary formulation as a comprehensive blend of essential fatty acids to help decrease the inflammation that occurs with arthritis. Acupuncture Acupuncture is being used in veterinary medicine as a modality for pain management. Many dogs and cats with arthritis experience pain relief with regular acupuncture treatments as part of their arthritis care. Treatments involve stimulating acupuncture points with small needles while a dog or cat is sitting or lying down. Most pets don t find this uncomfortable and becoming deeply relaxed and calm is their typical response. Most patients receiving acupuncture benefit the most from multiple treatments at regular intervals. Pain and Anti-inflammatory Medications The mainstay of treating arthritis in dogs has been with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS). These medications have saved many dogs lives. They help reduce the pain and inflammation in the joints to make dogs more comfortable. There are many different approved NSAIDS available for dogs. All NSAIDS have the potential to cause some stomach upset. They also may affect the liver and other internal organs. We recommend regular monitoring of bloodwork for dogs taking NSAIDS. There currently is no approved NSAIDS for use in cats. Never give your pet Advil, Motrin, Ibuprofen, or Tylenol as they are toxic to dogs and cats. Talk to your veterinarian first before giving any pain medication. Adequan Adequan (polysulfated glycosaminoglycan) is a prescription, injectable medication that helps prevent the cartilage in your dog s joint from wearing away. It helps keep the cartilage healthy and intact, so bones have a cushion within the joint to provide comfortable movement. PRP Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) releases special growth factors that lead to tissue healing. It can relieve pain, boost healing, increase mobility, and improve quality of life. Bloodwork & Other Diagnostic Tests The purpose of blood screening in healthy pets is to establish a baseline assessment for future comparison and to detect subclinical abnormalities at a time when preventive and therapeutic intervention may be beneficial. We recommend monitoring your senior pet s bloodwork every 6-12 months. This is equivalent to a human having bloodwork monitored every 3-7 years! Frequent monitoring of bloodwork for senior pets on certain prescription medication is necessary to monitor organ function.

40 Common Test for Senior Pets Chemistry a chemistry panel monitors blood sugar, kidneys, liver, pancreas, protein levels, and electrolytes Complete Blood Count (CBC) a CBC checks for anemia, infection, or clotting issues Thyroid tests low thyroid levels are common in older dogs, and high thyroid levels are common in older cats Urine a urine sample gives us information about kidney function, diabetes, and urinary tract infections Cardiopet this specialized test measures a heart enzyme that can be elevated in patients with heart disease Cancer Cancer is a frequent finding in senior pets and is often life-limiting; however, the diagnosis of cancer does not have to mean poor quality of life. There are many different types of cancer and each type of cancer has a different prognosis. There are also many different treatment options for dogs and cats with cancer. With some patients we may decide on palliative treatment to keep a dog or cat as comfortable as possible with their remaining life. Other options for cancer treatment include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. We are lucky to have an Oncologist here in the Grand Rapids area at Michigan Veterinary Specialists. Early detection of cancer is best. It is best to have any lump or bump examined to rule out the possibility of a cancerous process as we also see many benign tumors in dogs and cats, such as fatty tumors or papillomas.

41 Oral Health Care Through the months of January, February and March we are offering $50 off of any dental procedure! Please call to schedule a dental procedure, or to schedule an appointment with your veterinarian for a dental evaluation. We would be pleased to assess your pet's oral condition and make recommendations for their oral care needs. Your Pet Deserves To Smile! GENERAL DENTAL DISEASE INFORMATION Dental disease is the most commonly diagnosed disease in dogs and cats. Periodontal disease is the most typical culprit for causing dental disease. Periodontal disease describes the inflammation or infection of the gums around the teeth. Dogs and cats don t really get cavities like humans; they get a build-up of tartar that over time causes an infection of the area around the tooth, and leads to gingivitis and periodontal disease. Statistics show that 8 of 10 dogs over the age of three are affected with dental problems. The good news is that dental disease can be treated and there are several preventative practices that can be used to decrease the risk of your dog or cat from suffering from dental disease. However, if dental disease goes undetected or untreated, the bacteria that is building up can be absorbed into the bloodstream and carried to other organs, where it can cause damage. Also as tartar is left untreated and continues to infect the gums the gum line will recede, allowing the root of each tooth to become exposed. When roots become exposed the teeth are vulnerable to infection and can cause pain to your pet. Dental Disease is not necessarily hereditary, but some breeds (specifically smaller or toy breeds) are more susceptible than others.

42 Oral Health Care SOURCE & CAUSES Tartar is formed from a build-up of bacteria on the tooth surface. Since dogs and cats don t brush their teeth every day, the bacteria multiply and eventually form a hard substance that is known as plaque, which leads to tartar formation. This tartar begins to infect the gums and they recede. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS - Change in eating habits - Bad breath - Painful mouth-may growl or snarl if mouth or head is touched - Excessive drooling - Not wanting to chew on toys - Dropping food out of mouth when eating - Rubbing face on ground or pawing at face - Weight loss DIAGNOSIS & TESTS Diagnosis begins with a complete history and a physical exam. If your pet is suffering from a degree of dental disease, your veterinarian will be able to make this determination from looking at your pet s teeth and gums. Based on the findings, a dental cleaning may or may not be recommended. Some blood work may be needed to evaluate the internal organ function in order to determine if it is safe to go under general anesthesia for the procedure. TREATMENT & MANAGEMENT The goal of dental cleaning is to remove the tartar and plaque from the tooth surface using ultrasonic scaling and polishing tools. This will require general anesthesia and can be completed in a short day visit. If any teeth need to be extracted, this can also be done at the same time as the cleaning, and will usually require a course of oral antibiotics following the procedure.

43 Oral Health Care MAINTENANCE PRODUCTS We sell a number of dental products that help maintain your pets dental and gum health. These however, are not a cure. If you receive a dental exam and a dental procedure is not needed, these products will help keep your pets mouth healthy. If you do get a dental procedure, we recommend these products afterwards to help maintain their dental health. PREVENTION & HELPFUL TIPS Dental disease itself is not 100% preventable, however, the degree of dental disease can be. Here are some ways pet owners can help reduce the effects of tartar: -Take your pet to your veterinarian for regular exams -Brush your pet s teeth at home on a regular basis using a quality tooth paste and pet toothbrush. Ask your veterinarian to provide you with the proper instructions -Provide proper chewing toys designed to reduce tartar build-up. Your veterinarian can make proper recommendations Please contact us if you would like to schedule an appointment to have your pet's teeth examined or if you would like to set up an oral care treatment. We look forward to hearing from you.

44 Parasites and Prevention With beautiful weather come the troublesome parasites that infest our pets and homes. The scary thought is that parasites are a threat all winter long. Increased numbers of these parasites abound in the spring and summer, but they are never truly gone. Their resilience and ability to live in a variety of environments enable them to survive and thrive almost anywhere! Do not be troubled yet. In the next few pages we will discuss how to prevent these pests and why it is so important to do so.

45 Fleas The flea is a hardy insect with a lifespan of six to 12 months. During that time, a pair of fleas could produce millions of offspring. Fleas have survived in a variety of environments. Fleas on your pet or in your household aren t desirable. Fleas can cause reactions in your pet varying from a mild skin irritation to a severe allergic reaction. Because fleas feed on blood, an extreme infestation can cause anemia or even death in animals. All cats and dogs, and other mammals, too, are susceptible to flea infestations. Whether or not you actually see fleas on your pet, they may be there. Scratching, scabs and dark specs, or "flea dirt," found on the skin can all be signs that your pet has become the unwitting host for a family of fleas. Fleas can carry tapeworms, too. If you notice small white rice-like things in your pet s feces or in the hair around his anus, your pet probably has tapeworms, which means he may also have fleas. Treating a flea infestation requires patience and perseverance, so it s much easier to PREVENT one! Because the life cycle of a flea is three to four weeks, it will take at least that long to completely rid your pet and its environment of the enemy. However the flea cycle requires very specific environmental changes to allow the eggs to hatch, so new fleas could surprise you at any time, therefore taking many months to eradicate them!!

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47 Ticks and Tick Transmitted Diseases Ticks are such small insects, but they can pose a very great danger to us and our companion animals. They prey on the blood of dogs, horses, deer, birds, rodents, and people. There are hundreds of kinds of ticks, including the dog tick and the deer tick. Diseases that ticks can transmit to companion animals include Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis (a bacterial infection), and anaplasmosis (a blood disorder). Ticks live in cracks and crevices in the home or outside in vegetation, such as grassy meadows, woods, brush, and weeds. They cannot fly or jump, but they have a way of finding a host. Oftentimes, they will wait in wooded or grassy areas and attach themselves to any living creature that brushes them. Ticks can also detect the carbon dioxide given off by warm-blooded animals. They can crawl several feet to the carbon dioxide source. Lyme Disease The first human outbreak of Lyme disease was identified in Lyme, Connecticut, in 1975, when an unusually large number of cases of arthritis resembling rheumatoid disease occurred within a small geographic area. Studies concluded that dogs from the same location also developed arthritis similar to that in human Lyme disease. Although Lyme disease is an illness common to humans and animals, there is no evidence that it can be transmitted from one to the other. Lyme disease cases have been documented in more than 40 states. The disease is transmitted by the deer tick in the Northeast and Midwest, the black-legged tick in the South, and the western black-legged tick in the West. Clinical signs of Lyme disease in pets include loss of appetite, lameness, lethargy, and fever. Scientists believe the disease can affect humans for a long time, causing problems to the joints, heart, and central nervous system. Lyme disease vaccinations are available for dogs. If you live in an area that is prone to Lyme disease, consult your veterinarian about the availability and use of this vaccine. Anaplasmosis Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection is a vector-borne zoonotic disease. It often causes lameness and can be confused with Lyme disease. Infection with A. platys results in a cyclic thrombocytopenia (low blood platelets), fatigue and general weakness. Both types of anaplasmosis are likely spread by ticks and can occur worldwide. The organism is endemic in the upper Midwest, East, and Northeast regions of the United States as well as the western coastal regions. In the United States, most disease outbreaks are seasonal and coincide with the emergence of tick vectors in spring and early summer (May and June) and then again in the fall (September). As with most tick born diseases, anaplasmosis can infect a wide range of mammals, including dogs, cats, horses, ruminants, people, and many wildlife species. White-tailed deer and several species of small rodents are considered the primary reservoir hosts. It is suspected that transmission to susceptible mammalian hosts requires prolonged tick attachment and feeding of 24 hours or more.

48 Ticks and Tick Transmitted Diseases Therefore seasonal or year round tick prevention can greatly reduce if not eliminate the risk of your dog becoming infected with this organism. Tick Paralysis Female ticks release a toxin while feeding that causes tick paralysis. The toxin affects the nervous system and can cause weakness and even paralysis that develops seven to nine days after the tick attachment. The signs can vary from a mild form of unsteadiness of all four legs, to acute quadriplegia that leaves all four legs completely immobilized. Tick Removal At times, ticks can be difficult to find. Common places to find hidden ticks are the head, neck, ears, or feet. The longer a tick is attached to its host, the greater the chance for disease. If you find a tick, remove it immediately with tweezers. Carefully grasp the exposed section of its body near the pet s skin. Avoid squeezing or crushing the tick's body. Gently pull until the parasite lets go. You can help prevent inflammation by applying antiseptic onto the bitten area. To dispose of the tick, wrap it in several tissues and flush it down the toilet. Or, you can drop it in a small container of rubbing alcohol (ticks won t drown in water). Do not crush, burn, or suffocate the tick-- this may spread the infectious bacteria.

49 Preventative Care Dog and cat owners should inspect their dogs regularly for fleas and ticks, especially after trips outside to the woods or fields. By thoroughly combing your pets within four to six hours of exposure to tick-infested areas, you can help prevent ticks from attaching to them. Your veterinarian is the best source for more information on the dangers of fleas and ticks in your area. Your veterinarian can recommend preventatives that are available to help ward off external parasite infestation. When numerous ticks and fleas are found, contact your veterinarian for advice. Monthly preventatives will protect your environment, home, family and pets from unwanted discomfort, disease, illness and high expensive veterinary bills. The monthly cost for these applications is so much more cost effective than treating a medical condition or illness after the harm has already been done. Please keep your dogs and cats happy, healthy, and comfortable and disease free by purchasing a flea and tick preventative today!!! PRODUCTS Flea and tick control products work in different ways and kill various flea stages (eggs, larvae and/or adults). If a flea infestation has already occurred you ll often need a combination of products at the same time to be effective. Flea control has reached new levels in recent years. Today, there are products on the market that you can treat your pet with once a month that will help keep those annoying little jumpers away. Insect growth regulators, or IGRs, are safe and act like flea hormones to interrupt the life cycle of the flea, preventing them from maturing into adult fleas. Lufeneron (Program or Sentinel) is one example of an IGR. It inhibits flea egg production, but doesn t kill adult fleas, so flea bites can still occur. Others, such as Trifexis (Spinosad), Revolution (Selamectin) and Vectra 3D (Dinotefuran, Permethrin, Pyriproxifen) kill adult fleas, and the latter works on ticks as well. Depending on the product used, you may be giving your pet a pill, spraying his coat or applying a liquid substance to one area of his skin; the substance will spread to cover his body. These treatments are available only from your veterinarian and are given once a month. Be very careful to use the products as directed; some may be effective for dogs, but toxic to cats. Consult with your veterinarian before implementing any flea or tick control program. Using a flea comb regularly will help. More adults may be lurking in your home or yard, and eggs or larvae may be lying in wait, as well. You ll need to rid your house of fleas by vacuuming and washing your pet s bedding once a week, and using a disinfectant on washable surfaces. Your pet will be vulnerable to fleas and ticks once outdoors again so make sure they are protected monthly and year round. Sunlight kills fleas, though they will want to survive outdoors in shady areas. Our frequent yard visitors such as squirrels, raccoons, chipmunks and deer are common carriers of these nasty pests as well as your dog s favorite playmate down the road or at the local dog park. Now that you re armored with some information, you can help your pet win the war against fleas and ticks.

50 Protect Your Dog from Parasites with Trifexis (spinosad + milbemycin oxime) Parasites are practically everywhere your dog goes in your home, in your yard, just about everywhere. They're creepy, they're crawly and they pose a threat to your dog's health. That's why you need to take action to make sure your dog is protected. Luckily, with Trifexis, it's easy. Trifexis is a once-monthly tablet that kills fleas, prevents heartworm disease and treats and controls adult hookworm, roundworm and whipworm infections. And since it's beef-flavored, you can offer it as a treat. Trifexis combines two powerful active ingredients that are safe and effective at protecting against three types of dangerous parasites. And since it is given orally, there is no need to isolate your dog from other pets or kids. Learn more about Trifexis and why it might be the right parasite treatment and preventive for your dog.

51 12-WEEKS* OF PROTECTION Longest-lasting protection available in a single chew or topical dose FAST ACTING Kills fleas and ticks within hours of administration SAFE Proven safe and effective for dogs 12 weeks Indications: Bravecto Chew for Dogs kills adult fleas and is indicated for the treatment and prevention of flea infestations (Ctenocephalides felis) and the treatment and control of tick infestations [Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick), Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)] for 12 weeks in dogs and puppies 6 months of age and older, and weighing 4.4 pounds or greater. Bravecto Chew for Dogs is also indicated for the treatment and control of Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) infestations for 8 weeks in dogs and puppies 6 months of age and older, and weighing 4.4 pounds or greater.

52 (milbemycin oxime/praziquantel) Interceptor Plus brings together two powerful active ingredients, milbemycin oxime and praziquantel, that combine for a safe and effective medicine to protect your dog against 5 types of dangerous parasites. It s a chewable tablet that s flavored with real chicken, so it s easy to give to your dog. MILBEMYC IN OXIME Veterinarians have trusted milbemycin oxime, one of the active ingredients in Interceptor Plus, for more than 25 years. 1 It s a safe way to prevent heartworm disease in dogs as well as treat and control adult hookworm, roundworm and whipworm infections in dogs. PR AZ IQUANT EL Praziquantel, the other active ingredient in Interceptor Plus, has been approved for the treatment of tapeworms in dogs for more than 35 years. 2 Interceptor Plus demonstrated 100% efficacy in controlled studies against 3 types of adult tapeworms: Taenia pisiformis, Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus.

53 NexGard kills both fleas and ticks. NexGard for Dogs kills adult fleas before they lay eggs to help prevent infestations. Plus, NexGard also kills the Lone Star tick, Black-legged tick, American Dog tick and Brown dog tick. The fast-acting formula is safe and effective for an entire month. NexGard soft chew is FDA-approved, and proven safe and effective for use in dogs and puppies 8 weeks of age or older, weighing 4 pounds or more. It contains an ingredient, afoxolaner, that kills both fleas and ticks quickly and keeps killing for a whole month. So it helps provide protection you can feel good about.

54 Give your dog fast flea and tick protection that goes on and on and on...all month long Simparica Kills Fleas Simparica starts killing fleas within 3 hours and keeps going strong for 35 days without losing effectiveness at the end of the month. Simparica provides rapid relief for pets with existing flea infestations. Even dogs with flea allergies have shown improvement with Simparica. Simparica also prevents and controls home infestations, killing fleas before they can lay eggs. Simparica Kills Ticks Simparica starts killing ticks within 8 hours and keeps going strong for 35 days without losing effectiveness at the end of the month. This is important to help reduce the risk of transmission of potentially life-threatening tickborne diseases. Simparica protects against the Brown Dog Tick, Deer Tick, American Dog Tick, Lone Star Tick, and Gulf Coast Tick.

55 Anywhere in the country, it's always possible for fleas, ticks and other dangerous vectors to infect your dog. It only takes one bite to potentially spread disease. That s why you need the fast-acting, long-lasting, broadspectrum protection of Vectra 3D. Fast-Acting Kills through contact; parasites don t have to bite to die. Begins reducing flea feeding in 5 minutes; kills fleas in 6 hours. Broad Spectrum Protection Repels and kills: - Fleas and Mosquitoes - Ticks (including the Deer Tick, Brown Dog Tick, American Dog Tick, and Gulf Coast Tick) - Biting and Sand Flies - Lice and Mites (excluding mange mites) A repelled vector does not attach or bite your dog; therefore repellent action may reduce the risk of vectors spreading disease to your dog. Kills adult fleas and prevents the development of all immature stages of fleas: eggs, larvae and pupae. Long-Lasting Remains effective after bathing and swimming. Protects for 1 month. Convenient Protection for puppies as young as 8 weeks of age. DO NOT USE VECTRA 3D ON CATS.

56 Another Mosquito Bite! What We Don t Know Can Hurt Our Pets Heartworm Disease In Cats and Dogs We hope this newsletter provides the information needed to inform you on the serious threat of heartworm disease and how best to protect your pets. This disease shortens or often times end the lives of our pets at an early age, causing lung disease and heart failure. Heartworm disease is a growing concern for our dogs and cats regardless of their lifestyle. Heartworm disease is everywhere. It has been diagnosed in every state. As the weather warms, the threat increases. Warmer temperatures have been documented throughout the country, including the Midwest and the state of Michigan. How does this relate to heartworm disease? More mosquitoes!! Mosquitoes are the culprit. We never know when mosquitoes will emerge in the spring or how late into fall they ll hang around, so prevention is the answer. Transmission An infected mosquito carrying microfilaria (young heartworms) can transmit heartworm disease to your dog or cat from a single bite. The microfilaria develops into larvae (juvenile worms) within the mosquito. When your pet is bitten by this mosquito carrying these microscopic heartworm larvae, they are deposited in the animal s skin as the mosquito feeds, penetrating the skin layers, entering the bloodstream and migrating to the animal s heart and lungs. Here the larvae develop into adult worms, growing in length up to inches within 6 to 7 months. Mature heartworms continue to live in the heart and lungs of the pet for several years reproducing. The infected dog or cat is now a carrier of heartworm disease as the mature worms continue to reproduce, resulting in increased numbers of microfilaria in their bloodstream, allowing the next mosquito to ingest the infected blood and pass it on to yet another susceptible animal continuing the cycle of transmission.

57 Symptoms There are several signs of a heartworm infection. It often depends on the progression of the disease and whether it is a dog or cat. Please be cautioned, often times there are no signs of heartworm disease at all. Symptoms usually occur once the disease has been present for some time. If your pet is not acting like his or her normal self, it is always recommended to see your veterinarian. Most common symptoms would include: Persistent cough Rapid heart rate - cats Fatigue after moderate exercise Fainting - cats Decreased appetite Blindness - cats Weight loss Collapse or sudden death - cats Difficulty breathing Vomiting cats Detection and Treatment Testing your pet is quite a simple procedure. A small amount of blood is needed to perform the test. Most tests are run in-house (in the veterinary hospital lab) and you will have results before you leave with your pet. These tests are accurate if the heartworm is at least 6 months of age. We are not able to detect infection earlier than this. Yearly blood testing is recommended by the American Heartworm Society as well as other veterinary medical institutions, regardless of year round preventatives. Treating this potentially fatal condition is expensive, complicated and time-consuming and it doesn t always lead to complete recovery. Meanwhile, there is no approved treatment at this time for cats. When a dog tests positive for heartworms, the veterinarian must determine how best to treat the disease. The specific treatment plan will depend on the age and general health of the dog, the presence of circulating microfilaria (immature heartworms) and any medical complications. Generally x-rays, blood work and urine tests are run prior to starting treatment to screen for underlying or hidden health conditions. Depending on the extent of the disease and the size of the dog, the preliminary workup and the actual treatment can cost up to $1000 or more. In contrast, the cost of monthly heartworm prevention is a fraction of that. Only one adulticide (a drug that kills adult heartworms) is approved for use in dogs. There is some risk of complications during treatment; therefore a dog is typically hospitalized during administration of the drug so it can be closely monitored. When the dog returns home, it must be crated and exercise limited to minimal leash walking for one to two months. Owners must also be on the lookout for coughing and fever, which usually indicates the dog needs to see their veterinarian. Following treatment, diligent administration of heartworm preventive should resume. Although most dogs infected with heartworm can be successfully treated, the disease can cause lasting damage to pets heart and lungs.

58 Prevention Heartworm disease in a dog or cat is a clear situation where prevention is far better than the cure. There are multiple safe and proven products available for dogs and cats to prevent heartworm disease. These products are given on a monthly basis to prevent the transmission from advancing into an infection. Repellents can sometimes help reduce the risk of a mosquito biting our pets but there are no guarantees with this route. It is recommended to administer a monthly parasite and heartworm treatment year round to kill off any transmission that occurred within the last 30 days. These have been proven to be effective if properly and routinely administered. Most of these products have additional protection in that they treat other parasites as well, such as intestinal parasites, fleas, ticks, ear mites. Please consider your pet s lifestyle when choosing a product. Our indoor pets are just as susceptible to mosquitoes, so please make sure they are protected as well! Our recommendation for your pet's best protection would be a monthly treatment of Trifexis (canine) and Revolution (feline) applied year round. These products also prevent against flea and intestinal parasite infections. Talk to your veterinarian about the best prevention plan for your pet today and remember.. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Benjamin Franklin Please contact your veterinarian or to the websites listed below for additional information, literature or products. Family Friends Veterinary Hospital and Pet Care Center

59 Intestinal Parasites...could my pet have these?! Our Third Spring Newsletter the importance of Intestinal Parasite Preventative and how it can protect the health of your dog, cat and family members. Intestinal parasites are quite common. More common than we would like to know! They are easily passed from host to host and can be present nearly anywhere in the Unites States. Unfortunately they are not easy to rid from our environment. What is even more troublesome is that these worms are prolific, meaning they reproduce frequently and produce many eggs, causing recontamination of the soil and our pets. Eggs can survive most temperatures and seasons, even winter months, living undisturbed for 4 to 10 years in the environment. Intestinal parasites do not only affect our pets but adults and children too. There are many species of intestinal parasites. Most of these species can be found in dogs and cats and are abundant in wildlife. Puppies and kittens become infected with these worms while still in utero and also transmitted while nursing. Adult dogs and cats become infected upon ingestion of parasite eggs from a contaminated environment and ingestion of larvae in tissues of vertebrate hosts. In other words, playing in the yard, chewing sticks and digging holes, hunting and socializing with other dogs and cats inevitably makes our pets susceptible to infection. Rivers, lakes and standing, stagnant water carry all sorts of parasites, especially the giardia protozoa. Earthworms can be a host of parasites called roundworms, as well as the common fly. Obviously there is no avoiding the possibilities of our pets being exposed to these critters. Most intestinal parasites are zoonotic, which means they can be passed to humans. Children are more likely victims due to playing in sand and soil contaminated with the parasite eggs. Lack of strict hygiene can result in the ingestion of the eggs, causing severe illness and even life threatening conditions if the larvae migrate to the organs. Blindness is often the result of a roundworm infection in children due to the roundworm larvae migrating to the eye.

60 Intestinal Parasites Tapeworm Roundworm Hookworm Whipworm

61 Intestinal Parasites Roundworms, often called "ascarids", are thick-bodied, whitish-to-cream-colored worms that can live in the intestines of dogs and cats. Roundworms are the most common intestinal parasites that affect dogs, puppies, cats and kittens. In fact, it has been found that about 95% of newborn puppies are born with roundworms! Roundworms may be contracted in different ways, making them easy to spread and hard to control. They can survive in the environment for many years. Within 2-4 weeks of being deposited in the soil they develop into the infective stage, therefore quick removal of feces is always recommended. Hookworms, may live for 4 to 24 months in the animals small intestine. These worms have a "fishing hook" appearance; have one to three pairs of teeth depending on the species and range in size from 10 to 20 mm in length. All hookworms suck blood, but one species in particular is a voracious bloodsucker and can actually bleed a puppy to death. Hookworm infection is most severe in young pups that are infected through nursing shortly after birth. This too is a zoonotic parasite that is extremely difficult to remove from the environment, surviving 10 years or more. Whipworms, named for their characteristic whip-shaped body. The body is composed of a thin, filamentous, anterior end and a thick posterior end. Adult worms are 4.5- to 7.5-cm long. Approximately 75% of their length is composed of the anterior portion of the whipworm, or its tail. Whipworms are rarely seen in the domestic cat; however canines are frequently infected with this parasite. Adult worms begin producing eggs between 74 and 90 days after infection. Each female can produce more than 2,000 eggs per day! Tapeworms, there are two types of tapeworms, those associated with fleas and those of rodents. Often an animal is infected with both types due to the frequency of fleas living on domestic pets as well as wildlife. These are segmented parasites, in that their body breaks off segments and can often be visible on the pet s fur near the tail or anus as it leaves the body, while the remaining adult parasite is still living within the small intestine. Tapeworms are not a zoonotic parasite, though humans can be infected with them from a different source.

62 Diagnosing Parasites: Dogs and cats may show signs of parasites such as diarrhea, blood in the feces, vomiting, lethargy or change in behavior. These would be the most common symptoms seen with an infection. However, most often we see no sign at all until the infection is far advanced and causing additional health problems. Frequent stool examinations are recommended to identify the type of parasite that may have invaded your pet! Other parasites screened for are coccidia and giardia, common protozoas infecting our companion animals. A fresh feces sample will be needed for examination at your veterinary hospital. We will be looking for the presence of the parasite eggs within the feces. Specific methods are used to achieve this. Parasite eggs do not shed at all times within the intestine, therefore occasionally resulting in a negative result. Annual examinations and monthly preventatives are our best actions to take against these troublesome parasites. Tapeworm Egg Whipworm Egg Roundworm Egg Hookworm Egg

63 Treatment vs. Prevention: Existing intestinal parasite infections can be difficult and costly to treat. Environmental contamination is inevitable and nearly impossible to disinfect once the parasite has been present. Considering the health risks they cause our pets and families it is ALWAYS in your best interest to prevent these infections before they occur. There are several options for both dogs and cats. They are easy to apply or feed to our pets at a relatively low cost. Monthly intestinal parasite preventative administration is recommended year round, since these worms don t go away in the winter! It is also important to consider what else these monthly preventatives are providing; depending on the product of choice, it may also include heartworm disease protection and flea control, two other frequent threats to our pets. We recommend Trifexis, a tablet form for your dog and Revolution, a topical application for your feline friends. Great rebates are available making these products even more affordable, making prevention a far better route than treatment. Let s make our pets lives, our families, and the environment we live in as healthy and disease free as possible. Please speak with your veterinarian with additional questions or recommendations for your pet s lifestyle. There are many options available for your furry companion s specific needs. Help us give you the care your pet deserves, a life free from parasites! For more information please go to: CAPC Companion Animal Parasite Council

64 Healthy Pet Happy Life! Would you like to add years on to your pet s life? We would love to help you! Through maintaining a healthy weight, exercise, and proper nutrition, pets can live longer healthier lives. Assess your pet s body condition We use a process called body condition scoring to evaluate a pet s healthiest weight. On every pet, regardless of age, size or breed, you should be able to feel their ribs without seeing them, and be able to see a tuck at the waistline from the side and the top. The majority of pets that are presented for veterinary care are overweight. Pets that carry excess fat have a higher rate of disease including orthopedic injuries and pain, heart and liver disease, and diabetes. Once the fat cells are made, they never can be removed, so prevention and early intervention is the best plan. Weight loss and maintenance are more effective against these diseases than any medication on our shelves that we can prescribe. How do we get pets to lose weight? Calorie control is our number one way to control a pet s weight. Typically if a pet is gaining weight, we need to cut back at least 25% of their daily caloric input. Some treats can be very high in calories and can add significant amounts to their daily consumption. The first step is just to begin to measure their meals and assess their daily treats. This takes involvement from the whole family. Oftentimes we can switch to lower calorie per cup foods or use alternative treats for immediate weight loss solutions. Just ask us for help. We can review your pet s body condition and their daily rations and make detailed suggestions for weight loss.

65 Exercise and conditioning A well exercised pet is a happy pet, both mentally and physically. Conditioning helps burn fat and builds muscle while also making the body more protected from injuries. Exercise and conditioning our pets can come from walking, jogging, swimming, playing fetch with dogs or even playing laser pointer games with our cats. When we exercise our pets, the question is always, how much is too much? We let our pets be our guide. We want them to be tired at the end of the session, but not exhausted the next day. They should be ready to do it again the next day. We typically like to do at least 2-3 sessions per week. If your pet is too stiff or sore to properly exercise, we may even have to help out with some helpful joint protectants or pain relievers. Even for our senior pets that may not be able to handle long distance walking and jogging, we have exercises we can teach them to do that help core strength and body awareness. Regular exercise, even in small increments, will help build their endurance and strength. Increasing the use of their joints will help reduce the effects of arthritis and maintain their aging condition. Nutrition and Supplements Proper nutrition is vital in keeping your pet in tip top physical shape. There is not one food that is perfect for every pet, but we can help you with specific recommendations. Universally, pets do better with a consistent diet, free of a lot of unnecessary fillers and junk food as well as avoiding extra table scraps and people food. Excess unneeded compounds in food can cause harm to the body and cause disease. We have joint supplements that protect your pet s joints throughout their life. They help by providing extra lubrication and cushioning in the joints to help prevent pain and arthritis. As an added benefit, by keeping your pet s joints mobile, it promotes exercise and weight loss. We carry prescription weight loss and joint support foods that can be used to achieve weight loss and mobility goals. As you can see, weight loss, joint mobility and exercise all go hand in hand. When one area declines, they all follow suit. The heavier your pet gets the harder it is on the joints which makes it harder to exercise which then contributes to further weight loss and joint debilitation. We can help turn this viscous cycle around! Early intervention and prevention is the best, but we can help throughout any stage. How do we begin a weight loss or conditioning program? Before starting a weight loss plan, evaluation with a thorough physical examination and screening blood work is ideal. We can evaluate for diseases such as thyroid disease, diabetes, kidney, and liver disease. Low thyroid in dogs for example is a very treatable condition that directly leads to weight gain and it can be difficult to accomplish your pet s weight loss goals without addressing this issue.

66 Our History Veterinarian Jean Cathary founded Royal Canin in France in Dr. Cathary had the vision of a pet food company grounded in science; a company based on the principles of acquiring knowledge about pets, maintaining respect for them at all times and, most importantly, creating advanced cat and dog food made to satisfy the needs of the pet - not the desires of the pet owner. Fast-forward to Today The results of this vision are easy to see. Despite countless fads, based on more than 45 years of rapid scientific progress, Royal Canin remains on the cutting edge of pet nutrition, and we've created specialized cat and dog food diets that are unlike anything else the world has ever seen. Our vision is completed by our daily interaction with partner professional breeders and veterinarians, and by the ongoing research of scientists at Royal Canin. This has allowed us, better than any other company, to remain at the cutting edge of innovation and to bring the best health nutrition to cats and dogs. Where Are We In the United States, you'll find Royal Canin associates hard at work at our headquarters in St. Charles, Missouri, in our manufacturing facilities in Missouri and South Dakota and in offices all across the country. All of the pet food we distribute and sell in the U.S. is made in company-owned plants. Royal Canin is a global company, and pet owners around the world can be assured of the same superior nutrition and devotion to quality and food safety regardless of where they live and shop.