Features. Teacher to Teacher. drilling for oil. animal vision revealed. dna trackers PAGE 18. Coming. Content and Summary

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1 SCHOLASTIC R E C Y C L E S SEPTEMBER 27, 2010 TEACHER S EDITION Supplement to Science World ISSUE DATES 9/6 9/27 10/18 11/ /6 1/3 1/24 2/14 3/7 3/21 4/4-18 5/9 Vol. 67, No. 2 ISSN Many states have adopted the new common core education standards, which include standards for language arts and literacy in history, science, and other subjects. Science World, as part of your school s nonfiction reading curriculum, is an excellent tool to help meet these standards. We ve even added a reading-comprehension skills sheet to every Teacher s Edition. Be sure to try this issue s, titled DNA Science, on TE7. Also, visit /scienceworld to find new and improved Check for Understanding pages in addition to downloadable Teacher s Editions, PowerPoints, and more. Keep your eyes on your mailboxes because a special double issue with a Winning Science-Project Guide insert is coming soon! The Editors Features drilling for oil PAGE 8 Content and Summary EARTH: Natural Resources Learn more about offshore oil drilling. national science education standards Grades 5-8: Science and technology in society Grades 9-12: Science and technology in society ONLINE MATERIALS /scienceworld Download a PowerPoint about the Gulf oil spill at /scienceworld animal vision revealed PAGE 14 Physics: Electromagnetic Spectrum Do all animals see light the same way people do? Grades 5-8: Transfer of energy Grades 9-12: Interactions of energy and matter Test your students attention to detail with two vocabulary quizzes in the Check for Understanding online reproducible. dna trackers PAGE 18 biology: Genetics Teens hunt for DNA in New York City. Grades 5-8: Reproduction and heredity Grades 9-12: The molecular basis of heredity Have your students reorder the steps the teens took to track DNA, with the Check for Understanding online reproducible. Coming Next Issue meet the animal mummies entombed with Egyptian pharaohs. What can you learn about climate by studying gravestones? Chemistry holds the key to solving a crime after a bomb detonation. Maureen Van Ackooy Maureen Van Ackooy, this Teacher s Edition contributor, suggests: At the beginning of the year, my students are not familiar with all of the great features of Science World. I take this opportunity to introduce them to the magazine with a scavenger hunt. I have created several different Teacher to Teacher versions. One simple scavenger hunt that can be used with any issue has them seek out the Career, Gross Out, and You Can Do It pages. Later in the year, I also create issue-specific hunts. For this issue, I would have them find facts like, who the editor is, when the issue was printed, who wrote the biology feature, what pages have diagrams, and what the Science News topics are. Maureen Van Ackooy, science teacher at Union Vale Middle School in LaGrangeville, New York, contributed to this issue s Teacher s Edition. visit for more resources. CONTAINS A MINIMUM OF 10% POST- CONSUMER FIBER

2 LESSON PLANS PAGE 8 Be sure to download a Science World PowerPoint about the Gulf oil spill at /scienceworld. EARTH: Natural Resources Drilling for Oil PRE-READING PROMPTS: What do you know about the recent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico? How deep underground do you think companies have to drill to get oil? Oil is a valuable resource. Do you think that makes deepsea drilling worth the risk of another spill? DID YOU KNOW? Oil isn t just used to heat our homes and fuel our cars. After the oil is refined and processed, it is used to make shoes, makeup, CDs, crayons, and even bubble gum. Approximately one fourth of the crude oil we use in this country comes from wells in the Gulf of Mexico. We import more than 53 percent of our oil from countries such as Canada, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, and Nigeria. Crude oil is classified based on how much of the impurity sulfur it contains. Sour crude oil has a large amount of sulfur, while the more valuable sweet crude oil has little sulfur. Critical Thinking: The Gulf states are often hit by strong hurricanes. The hurricanes that affect these states form in the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico. But now there s oil in the water. How do you think the oil-and-water mix will alter hurricane formation? project-based learning: LANGUAGE ARTS: The story lists several advantages and disadvantages of extracting oil from deep waters. Do you think the benefits outweigh the risks? Have students take on roles of energy company executives, local fishers, hotel owners, and environmentalists to debate the issue. Use the information from the article and the resources below to bolster your arguments. Resources You can access these Web links at /scienceworld. WEB EXTRA: Learn more about the science of oil spills at this Web site run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: For updated news on the oil spill, visit Scholastic News Online at: www2.scholastic.com/browse/collection.jsp?id=745. Get timelines, photos, and more facts about the Gulf oil spill at the University of Miami s oil spill response Web site: PAGE 14 PHYSICS: Electromagnetic Spectrum Animal Vision Revealed PRE-READING PROMPTS: Do you think some animals see differently than we do? Why do you think they would need different types of vision? Can you name some parts of the human eye? What advantages do you think being able to see at night offers? DID YOU KNOW? The human eye is approximately the size and shape of a Ping-Pong ball. Some types of night-vision goggles work by detecting infrared energy, or heat energy, given off by objects. This method allows people to see their surroundings in very low light conditions. Have you ever noticed that in photographs, some animals eyes seem to glow? Tapetum lucidum is a type of reflective membrane within the eyes of certain animals, such as cats and dogs. It reflects light from the eye and enhances their night vision. Critical Thinking: Nocturnal animals can see in the dark. Brittlestars have eyes all over their body. Bees can see colors that we can t. If you could have a special type of vision like the ones that these animals possess, what would it be? What advantages would it give you? How would you use it? project-based learning: ART: How would the world look if you saw infrared instead of visible light? Draw a pencil drawing of your favorite animal. Now color in the drawing based on where you think its heat is concentrated; use light colors to show more heat and dark colors for colder spots. To get some ideas of how the world would look in infrared, check out this interactive Web site: /sirtf1/sirtf_action.shtml. Resources You can access these Web links at /scienceworld. Learn more about the electromagnetic spectrum at this NASA Web site: /ems/index.html. Check out this lesson plan about the science of vision at the Neuroscience for Kids Web site: How does the human eye work? to find out, visit: POSTAL INFORMATION: SCIENCE WORLD (ISSN ; in Canada, 2-c no ) is published biweekly during the school year, 14 issues, by Scholastic Inc., 2931 East McCarty St., P.O. Box 3710 Jefferson City, MO Periodical postage paid at Jefferson City, MO and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTERS: Send notice of address changes to SCIENCE WORLD, 2931 East McCarty St., P.O. Box 3710 Jefferson City, MO Editorial Offices: SCIENCE WORLD, 557 Broadway, New York, NY Canadian address: Scholastic Canada Ltd., 175 Hillmount Road, Markham, ON, Canada L6C 1Z7. Original contributions to Science World magazine or to contests, projects, and special features sponsored by Science World magazine become the property of Scholastic Inc. Contributions cannot be acknowledged and cannot be returned. Please send to Editor, Science World, Scholastic Inc., 557 Broadway, New York, NY TE 2 l Science World l September 27, 2010

3 PAGE 18 biology: Genetics DNA Trackers PRE-READING PROMPTS: Do all living organisms have DNA? How might a person collect and examine DNA? Can you think of some surprising places you might find animal or plant DNA? DID YOU KNOW? If we were to uncoil the DNA strands in one human cell, they would measure 1.8 meters (5.9 feet) long. The human genome (organism s entire hereditary information) has more than 3.1 billion base pairs. People differ genetically from one another by only.02 percent. British molecular biologist Rosalind Franklin first took X-ray photographs of DNA in the early 1950s. James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkens used her work to help unravel the mystery of DNA s helical structure. Critical Thinking: Your DNA contains all of your genetic information. It determines what you look like, your eye color, hair color, and even your height. Your DNA also determines whether or not you have allergies and whether you will develop some diseases. If the secret for curing genetic diseases lies in your DNA, which disease would you research to find a cure for and why? project-based learning: PHYSICAL EDUCATION: Give each student an index card, and then split the class into four groups. Assign each group a letter, either A, T, C, or G, and have them write their letter on their index card. Explain how bases always pair up the same way: A with T, and G with C. When you say, go, have the students find their correct letter partner and stand across from each other. Have the pairs line up side-by-side to form a strand of DNA, and then record the sequence of the strand on the board. Continue creating different pairs and strands so that the students can begin to see the large number of combinations that can be created. Resources You can access these Web links at /scienceworld. WEB EXTRA: Learn more about Matt and Brenda s project at The Rockefeller University s DNAHouse Web site: The Canadian Museum of Nature s Web site has information on the human genome, along with many resources: The University of Utah s Learn.Genetics Web site has background information, as well as interactive labs on building your own DNA molecule: Lesson Plans Get More From Your Subscription Check out Science World s Web site at /scienceworld to download: Issue-enhancing PowerPoints The Teacher s Edition and bonus reproducibles Article-specific Web links and video links Regularly updated index of this year s articles Tips for using Science World in the classroom Science World l September 27, 2010 l TE 3

4 CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Name: Science News Directions: Read the Science News section on pages 2 to 7. Then test your knowledge, filling in the letters of the correct answers below. 1. What force is created by high pressure under a wing and low pressure above a wing? A air resistance B lift C aerodynamics D thrust 2. The Heimlich maneuver is an emergency procedure given to people who are. A having a heart attack B choking C drowning D bleeding severely 3. A group of seventh graders may have discovered a new on the planet Mars. A extinct volcano B lava tube C cave D crater 4. What was the first step in the process to replace Oscar the cat s severed legs? A The prostheses were inserted into holes in Oscar s ankle bones. B A calcium mineral encouraged bone to grow on the metal. C Skin grew around the prosthetics attachment site. D Holes were drilled into Oscar s remaining ankle bones. 5. Thrill-seeker Jonathan Trappe crossed from to in a harness tied to helium balloons. A England, France B Canada, the United States C Switzerland, Germany D Italy, Greece 6. Scientists have designed a new bike helmet that when it is too beat-up to be worn safely. A falls apart B changes color C stinks D emits loud beeps 7. Which peak did 13-year-old Jordan Romero become the youngest person to climb? A Vinson Massif B Everest C Aconcagua D McKinley 8. Which is the BEST definition of a tectonic plate? A Earth s outer layer that floats on the molten mantle underneath B broken areas of Earth s crust C ground that collides to form mountains D slow-moving, giant rock slabs that make up Earth s outer shell 9. All of the following are TRUE about harvest mice EXCEPT: A Their numbers are on the rise in the United Kingdom. B They are finding homes in old tennis balls. C They usually build their homes from grass and reeds. D Farming is destroying their habitat. 10. How did 11-year-old Olivia Bouler raise $70,000 for birds harmed by the Gulf oil spill? A She had a bake sale. B She started a letter campaign. C She organized a fun run. D She drew pictures of birds. Answers on TE 8 TE 4 l Science World l September 27, 2010

5 Name: GRAPHING SKILLS A Barrel of Oil In Drilling for Oil (p. 8), you read about the millions of barrels of oil that have spilled into the Gulf of Mexico. A barrel of crude oil contains 42 gallons. Each barrel is turned into different types of products, from gasoline to oil to heat homes. In the chart below, add up the total number of gallons of products produced from a barrel of oil. Then use this total to calculate the percent of the barrel used to produce each product. Place your answers in the spaces provided in the chart. (Hint: To find the percent, divide the part by the whole and multiply by 100.) Amount of Products Produced From a Barrel of Oil Product Amount Produced (gallons) Heating oil 1.38 Gasoline Percent of Total Graph Title: Heating oil Other products Diesel Jet fuel Gasoline Jet fuel 4.07 Other products Diesel Total source: U.S. ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION Graph It Use the chart above to complete the circle graph. Answers on TE 8 Analyze It 1. How much jet fuel is produced from a barrel of oil? 2. A barrel of oil produces the least amount of which fuel? The most? 3. Was the total amount of products produced more or less than the 42 gallons that a barrel of crude oil contains before refining? What do you think is the reason for this difference? Science World l September 27, 2010 l TE 5

6 Name: DIAGRAM SKILLS The Human Eye In Animal Vision Revealed (p. 14), you read about the cool tricks various animals use to see. Complete the activity below to learn more about the structure of the human eye. Part 1 Use the information in the article to define the following eye parts in humans and many animals. 1. cornea 2. lens 3. retina Part 2 Use the terms above and in the word bank below to label the diagram of the human eye. If you need help, use your textbook or the interactive diagram found at the National Eye Institute: Credit: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health Word Bank pupil: opening through which light enters the eye iris: colored part of the eye that regulates the amount of light entering the eye optic nerve: transmits visual impulses to the brain Answers on TE 8 3 TE 6 l Science World l September 27, 2010

7 Name: READING COMPREHENSION SKILLs DNA Science In DNA Trackers (p. 18), you read about two teens who hunted down DNA in New York City. Scientists are not only able to read DNA s genetic code, but they can also alter living organisms genes in the lab. Read the passage below to learn more, and then answer the questions that follow. Glowing Kitties Here s a trick your cat can t do: glow in the dark. Scientists have created cats that glow bright red when they are placed under ultraviolet light, a type of light that can t be seen by humans. To make the cats glow, South Korean scientists altered the animals DNA. This molecule contains information about the characteristics of an organism. The scientists added a special gene, or segment of DNA, into the skin cell of a cat. The gene isn t normally found in felines it came from a sea anemone. The gene causes anemones skin to produce a compound that glows red in ultraviolet light. The altered skin cell s DNA was added to the reproductive cells of a female cat. When the cat gave birth, all of her kittens contained the gene in their DNA. So the skin of each of the kittens glows in the dark. In the future, scientists hope the same procedure could be used to create cloned animals with genes that cause human diseases. Scientists could then study the animals to better understand these illnesses, says Michigan State University animal scientist Jose Cibelli. 1. Which of the following BEST summarizes the passage above? A All creatures glow under ultraviolet light, and now scientists have discovered why. B A new glow-in-the-dark gene has been found in a rare breed of cats. C The best new pet of the season is a high-tech glowin-the-dark cat. D Scientists have altered cats DNA to make them glow. Someday this technology could be used to understand human diseases. 3. Which type of light causes the kittens to glow? A visible B infrared C ultraviolet D X-rays 4. What is a gene? A the entire code of an animal s DNA B a segment of DNA C a skin cell D a synonym for glow Answers on TE 8 2. What is the purpose of the second paragraph? A to describe the process that made the cats glow B to introduce the fact that the kittens glow only in ultraviolet light C to describe how the kittens were born D to describe the future prospects of this type of research 5. Which of these statements is NOT a fact from the article? A Kittens that glow in ultraviolet light were born. C Ultraviolet light can t be seen by humans. C The kittens will glow only while they re young. D Scientists altered the DNA of a cat s skin cell. Science World l September 27, 2010 l TE 7