External Parasites on Horses 1
|
|
- Reynold Parks
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ENY-283 External Parasites on Horses 1 P. E. Kaufman, P. G. Koehler and J. F. Butler 2 Arthropod parasites of horses include internal bots that infest the digestive tract, mites that burrow in the skin and feed on the skin surface, ticks that infest the ears as well as the skin, lice that either suck blood or feed on skin, blood sucking flies and mosquitoes that range in size from biting gnats just observable with the naked eye to the large black horse flies which are almost one inch long. Non-biting flies such as house flies are also important in producing fly worry and disease transmission. Horse Bots Horse bots (Figure 1) are bot fly larvae and are internal parasites of horses. The horse bot larvae develop in the stomach of horses causing symptoms ranging from stomach ulcers, and esophageal paralysis to occlusion of the digestive tract. These parasitic habits are complicated by damage caused by disease transmission and severe host reactions caused by an immune response. Signs of damage usually show up as weakness, emaciation, anemia, rough hair coat, stunted growth, tail and mane rubbing, lesions and disease transmission. Extreme populations or transmission of disease may lead to death of the host. Figure 1. Horse bots. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of 1. This document is ENY-283 (IG139), one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of. Originally published in Revised: April Please visit the EDIS Website at 2. P. E. Kaufman, assistant professor, P.G. Koehler, professor/extension entomologist and J.F. Butler, retired professor, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of, Gainesville, The use of trade names in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information. UF/IFAS does not guarantee or warranty the products named, and references to them in this publication does not signify our approval to the exclusion of other products of suitable composition. All chemicals should be used in accordance with directions on the manufacturer's label. The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of, IFAS, A. & M. University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Millie Ferrer, Interim Dean
2 External Parasites on Horses 2 Biology The adult bot fly (Figure 2) is a bee-like fly about 1/2 to 3/4 inch in length. Bot flies are covered with black and yellow hairs and do not feed as adults. In two species of adult bot flies may be active throughout the year, although they are more abundant from late spring to early winter. Figure 3. Horse bot fly eggs. Figure 2. Bot fly. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of Female bot flies lay from 150 to 1,000 yellowish eggs. The eggs are firmly glued to the hairs of the forelegs, belly, flanks, shoulders and other parts of the body of the horse. While the fly's egg laying does not cause the horse pain, the horse often is bothered by presence of the fly. Egg laying principally occurs on the inside knees of the animal where the horse can easily reach the eggs with its tongue. The eggs are ready to hatch 7 to 10 days after oviposition, and will hatch only if the horse licks or bites the area where they have been glued. It is believed that the sudden increase in temperature from the tongue stimulates the young larvae to hatch. Warm moist grooming cloths may also cause eggs to hatch and present a hazzard of infestation to the individual grooming the animal. Once inside the horse's mouth, the larvae burrow into the mucous linings of the mouth and tongue and remain there for 3 to 4 weeks. Damage to the mouth membranes is often seen during this stage. From the mouth, the larvae pass to the stomach and intestine where the second and third instar larvae remain attached but may change location. They remain in these areas until the following summer. Figure 4. Close-up of horse bot fly eggs. When fully mature, the third stage larvae detach from the stomach, pass through the intestines and are passed in the droppings. They migrate out of the droppings and burrow under the surface of the soil. Here the pupae remain for 1 to 2 months. The adult fly emerges throughout the spring, summer and fall. The adult fly does not feed but immediately starts its egg laying cycle, which lasts for about two weeks, after which the fly dies. Cold weather and frost usually kill off the remaining flies in the fall of the year and signal the end of the egg laying season. Only one generation is completed per year. In south, adult bot flies have been found to be active year-round. In central and north adults are found from spring to early winter. Highest populations of adults are recorded from August through September. Larval populations sampled in
3 External Parasites on Horses 3 horses in October and November ranged from 1 to 184 larvae per stomach in central and north. Symptoms A few bots will cause little damage; however, increasing populations cause gastrointestinal disturbances. Infestations can produce symptoms varying from mild to severe. Symptoms include irritation of stomach membranes, ulceration of the stomach, peritonitis, perforated ulcers, colic, mechanical blockage of the stomach resulting in stomach rupture, esophageal paralysis, and squamal cell tumors. larvae one month after first sighting of eggs. Materials that control both second and third stage larvae should be applied in the fall of the year. Carbon disulfide is effective but may cause gastritis with sloughing of stomach mucosa. Horse and Deer Flies Horse flies (Figure 5) and deer flies (Figure 6) are insects that are usually daytime feeders and are vicious biters and strong fliers. As with mosquitoes only the females bite. Their attacks often account for lowered weight gains and reduction in condition. In addition to the previous pathogenicity, first stage larvae migrating in the tongue and gums have been shown to cause pus pockets in the mouth. The larvae developing in the stomach have also been shown to cause severe anemia. Cases have also been reported of horse bots in man. The first stage larvae have been found migrating in the skin of man (cutaneous myiasis) and in the eye, causing severe damage. Horse bots have also been reported in the stomach of man and pig. Control Effective control of horse bots requires breaking the life cycle of the fly. Insecticides are labeled for external treatment using warm water wash. This must be done after eggs have been laid but before they hatch. For external insecticide treatment, a warm water wash ( F) should be rubbed or sponged on areas infested with eggs. The larvae will hatch and die from contact the insecticide. Treatments should be applied weekly during peak oviposition periods (August-September). During the wash, care should be taken to protect hands from both insecticide and larvae with synthetic rubber gloves. Grooming may aid in removal of eggs but effectiveness of control is questionable. For internal treatment of horse bots, consult a veterinarian. Insecticides are labeled as liquids, bolus', and feed additives for horse bot control. Internal medications will usually control second stage but may not control third stage larvae. Most effective treatments should be applied to control second stage Figure 5. Horse fly. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of Because of their painful bites and frequent attacks, horse flies produce frenzied behavior in their hosts, sometimes causing them to run long distances in an effort to escape. Horse flies introduce an anticoagulant into the bite wound which causes blood
4 External Parasites on Horses 4 Other Biting Flies Stable Flies The stable fly (Figure 7), is similar to the house fly in size and color, but the bayonet-like mouthparts of the stable fly differentiate it from the house fly. Unlike the flies already discussed, both sexes of the stable fly are vicious biters. They are strong fliers and range many miles from the breeding sites. Figure 6. Deer fly. Credits: James Castner, University of to ooze for up to eight hours. These wounds are excellent sites for secondary invasion of screwworm and also cause much blood loss. Being intermittent feeders, they are known mechanical transmitters of diseases such as anthrax, tularemia, anaplasmosis, and equine infectious anemia (EIA). Most species of horse and deer flies are aquatic or semi-aquatic in the immature stages, but some develop in moist soil, leaf mold or rotting logs. Generally the eggs are deposited in layers on vegetation, objects over water or moist areas favorable for larval development. Eggs hatch in 5 to 7 days and the larvae fall to the surface of the water or moist areas where they begin to feed on organic matter. Many species prey upon insect larvae, crustacea, snails and earthworms. When the larvae are ready to pupate, they move into drier soil, usually an inch or two below the surface. The pupal stage lasts 2 to 3 weeks, after which the adults emerge. The life cycle varies considerably within the species, requiring anywhere from 70 days to 2 years. Control of these flies is difficult with no treatment of the larvae possible. Repellents will give relief for up to 24 hours when applied to the animal. Figure 7. Stable fly. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of Stable flies cause irritation and weakness in animals and account for much blood loss in severe cases. Bite wounds also can serve as sites for secondary infection and scar tissue formation. These flies are easily interrupted in feeding and are mechanical transmitters of anthrax, equine infectious anemia (swamp fever), anaplasmosis, and Habronema stomach worms. Stable flies breed in soggy hay, grain or feed, piles of moist fermenting weed or grass cuttings, spilled green chop, peanut litter, seaweed deposits along beaches and in manure mixed with hay. The female, when depositing eggs, will often crawl into loose material, placing the eggs in little inner pockets. Each female may lay a total of 500 to 600 eggs in four separate layings. Eggs hatch in 2 to 5 days and the newly hatched larvae bury themselves, begin to feed, and mature in 14 to 26 days. While the average life cycle is 28 days, this period will vary from 22 to 58 days, depending on weather conditions. Adult flies are capable of flying more than 90 miles from their breeding site. If more than 5 to 10
5 External Parasites on Horses 5 flies are present per animal extensive fly rearing is present in the area. Stable flies visit the animal only to feed, spending 80% of their time away from the animals. Stable fly control is most successfully approached with cultural control measures. Since the larvae require a moist breeding media, it is essential that the breeding source be found and dispersed to allow drying. Animal treatments are limited to fogging or mist applications of insecticide and the use of repellents which may last for 2 to 3 days. Insect traps are becoming more useful in reducing insect numbers. Check with your local extension agent on their use. Sand Flies and Biting Midges ("Punkies, No-See-Ums") Other blood sucking flies that are often problems to cattle and horses include many species of Phlebotomus flies, sand flies (Leptoconops and Culicoides) (Figure 6) and biting midges ("punkies, no-see-ums"). All of these flies are associated with wet or aquatic habitats. Because the areas are so often associated with water or swampy conditions these pests become a problem that is difficult, if not impossible to control. Several species of sand flies and biting midges are of economic importance on livestock. virus in sheep and cattle. Damage is usually seen in skin reactions and lesion formation. Horses may lose their hair in the infected areas because of fly feeding. No effective control measures are available for these flies. Black Flies The black flies are small flies and are not as common in as in other regions. Eighteen species are reported for. Four species feed on cattle and horses. Damage from black flies feeding includes animal losses along the river basins. Death usually occurs as a consequence of an acute toxemia caused by vast number of bites or as a result of anaphylactic shock. Both weakness from heavy blood loss and suffocation by inhalation may also cause animal loss. Diseases are vectored by black flies in other regions of the world. Black flies (Figure 9) are small, dark, stout-bodied flies with a hump-backed appearance. The adult females blood feed mainly during daylight hours and are not host specific. The black fly is a potential disease vector in. It hovers about the eyes, ears, and nostrils of animals, often alighting and puncturing the skin with an irritating bite. Large numbers of bites may cause weakness from blood loss, anaphylactic shock, or death. Figure 8. Biting midge. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of The life cycles and habits of midges affecting livestock is poorly known. The biting midges are considered the most important livestock pests of this group. One species is a known vector of bluetongue Figure 9. Black fly. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of The black fly life cycle begins with eggs being deposited on logs, rocks or solid surfaces in swiftly flowing streams. Larvae attach themselves to rocks or vegetation with a posterior sucker. The length of the
6 External Parasites on Horses 6 larval period is quite variable depending on the species and the larval environment. The adults which emerge after pupation are strong fliers and may fly 7 to 10 miles from their breeding sites. Horn Flies Horn flies (Figure 10) often attack horses which are pastured near cattle. These blood-feeding flies do not develop in horse manure but migrate to horses from cattle pastures. They do feed on horses and may build to more than 65 flies per animal. In they are common and persistent blood feeders causing damage by irritating the animal and producing skin lesions. The life cycle of the horn fly takes place only in fresh cattle manure. Eggs hatch in about 18 hours, and the larvae feed in the individual paddies, passing through three instars in 3 to 5 days. The pupal stage lasts 3 to 5 days and the adults which emerge have a preoviposition period of three days. Mating takes place on the host with females laying about 200 eggs in their lifetime. house fly's preferred breeding site. The house fly is found both inside stables and on the animals themselves. Flies can migrate from farms to any close residential areas. House flies are an immediate concern to the animal industry because they can be mechanical vectors of human and animal disease. Figure 11. House fly. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of House fly damage to horses is from annoyance caused by persistent feeding on the muzzle, eyes and open wounds. Animals become nervous, restless, and reduce food intake. House flies are also intermediate hosts for stomach worms (Habronema), diseases and parasites of horses. It has also been shown that the house fly is capable of transmitting diseases such as bovine mastitis and pink eye. In addition house flies are known to be contaminated with more than 100 species of pathogenic organisms. Figure 10. Horn fly. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of These flies apparently migrate extensively and will go to and stay on horses. Control of horn flies on horses can be achieved with any of the residual treatments applied for insect control on horses. Non-Biting Flies The house fly (Figure 11) is of concern to both livestock producers and people who live around farmstead areas. The animal industry cannot raise animals without producing manure, which is the The house fly has complete metamorphosis, going through the egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. The adult female searches for a suitable larval medium to lay eggs. Poultry and livestock manure, organic refuse (plant and animal), waste, garbage, and other filth is normally selected for oviposition. The adult female lays 75 to 150 oval, white eggs that hatch in 8 to 12 hours. The larval stage is composed of three larval stages lasting 3 days to 3 weeks. The pupal stage lasts 4 to 5 days after which the adult emerges. Thus in a minimum of 10 days, under optimum conditions, a house fly can develop from egg to adult.
7 External Parasites on Horses 7 Control of house flies is a continuing operation, in which sanitation and moisture control are the most important steps. Manure should be removed and disposed of every 4 to 5 days in summer and less frequently in cool weather. The ideal method of disposing of manure is to spread it on land where it can serve as fertilizer. If flies continue to be a problem after sanitation and moisture control practices have been implemented it may be necessary to apply chemical control methods. Chemical controls may be applied as larvicides, baits, residual sprays, and space sprays. Larvicides are chemicals applied to manure to kill house fly maggots. They are effective in reducing house fly breeding when applied thoroughly. Baits are composed of an attractant material such as sugar and an insecticide. The flies are attracted to the bait and killed by the insecticide. Dry baits should be applied to hard dry surfaces so they will not dissolve and become ineffective. Residual sprays are normally insecticides which are applied to surfaces flies frequently contact. These surfaces can be rafters, beams, structures or any place flies tend to rest. Figure 12. Eye gnat. Credits: J. L. Castner, University of At least 60 species of blow flies have been reported for North America. The primary screwworm fly is a true parasite; other blow flies and their larvae feed mainly on cadavers or they may invade necrotic wounds. The blow flies (Figure 11) are most numerous in the spring and fall. In general eggs are laid in open wounds and putrid organic debris. The larvae develop by feeding on dead tissue or living tissue. As the larvae mature they fall out and pupate in the ground. About 17 days are required from egg to adult. Space sprays are effective in quickly knocking down adult flies. Because there is no residual effect, insecticides applied in this manner must be applied frequently. The face fly is not presently in. It is present in a corner of Georgia and Alabama and could migrate into if it is able to adjust to our conditions. Its oviposition is similar to the horn fly. Its feeding habits on the host are similar to the house fly except it congregates at the eyes. The face fly avoids shade preferring the open sunlight which it the opposite of the house fly which is closely resembles. It causes severe irritation on the face and eyes and is very difficult to control. Eye gnats (Figure 12) are very common small flies seen around the faces of horses throughout the summer months. The larvae develop in organic matter in the soil. No effective control methods are available for this pest. Figure 13. Blow fly. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of Adults may lay as many as 1,000 eggs in a lifetime in batches of 100 to 250. The primary screwworm has been eradicated by the sterile male method in the Southeast but is still present in Mexico and Central America and is always a potential threat.
8 External Parasites on Horses 8 Control is best achieved by proper care of injured animals and proper disposal of putrid organic debris. Horse Lice: Biting and Sucking Two biting lice and one sucking louse (Figure 14) infest horses and mules. Heavy infestations usually are seen in the winter and may cause anemia, unthriftiness, loss of condition, stunting of growth, uneasiness, loss of hair and even sores, wounds and scabs from rubbing. life cycle for this louse takes 4 to 5 weeks for completion from egg to egg with 5 to 14 days required for egg hatch. Egg production for different species varies from 50 to 100 eggs. Lice are normally seen in damaging numbers in the winter and may be found anywhere on the body. Biting lice (Figure 4) feed on the skin and hair causing itching, irritation and hair loss. The life cycle for these lice takes 27 to 30 days for development from egg to adult and about seven days for the eggs to hatch. These lice are most prevalent on the head, mane, tail base and shoulder area. These are usually winter parasites, however, they may be found in in damaging populations at any time of the year. Lice are transferred from animal to animal by contact, movement of flies, and occasionally by contaminated equipment and bedding. All animals should be checked periodically for infestations, and all animals in infested premises should be treated. Retreatment of animals is required because insecticides will not kill the eggs. Effective control can be achieved with two weeks between treatments. Mites: Skin Surface and Burrowing Five different species of mange, scab and itch mites attack horses. These mites are not usually prevalent in ; however, isolated infestations may become a problem. These must be controlled to prevent infestations on other horses in the herd as well as man. These pests are too small to be seen with the naked eye but the host damage and reaction is easily recognized. The mites associated with horses belong to two basic groups. Itch, mange or scabies mites, and the chigger or follicle mites. Figure 14. Horse sucking louse. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of Lice are permanent parasites of their hosts, spending the entire life cycle on the host. Most species live only a short time off the animal and are not found on other animal species. The horse sucking louse, will only live for 2 to 3 days off the host. The Itch or Mange Mites The itch, or mange mites (Figure 14), are small ovoid mites about as big around as the cross section of a straight pin (1/16 inch). The eight legs are very short and barely extend beyond the margin of the body. They burrow just beneath the skin making very slender winding tunnels from 1/10 to 1 inch long. The
9 External Parasites on Horses 9 Figure 16. Itch mite. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of host reactions and itching. The host reaction causes the skin to slough off in the infested areas. Mite problems are most prevalent during the winter but can persist throughout the year. Infestations are contagious and treatment of all animals in a herd is essential in preventing spread. Under certain conditions man may become infested with this mite. Figure 15. Horse biting louse on horse hair. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of fluid discharged at the tunnel openings dries to form dry nodules. The female mite dies after laying about 20 eggs in the tunnel. Eggs hatch in 3 to 10 days into microscopic 6- legged nymphs. These become 8-legged after one molt, and in two more molts they reach maturity. The males die after mating. The females begin new tunnels 10 to 30 days after hatching from eggs. A generation can be completed in two weeks. These mites secrete an extremely irritating toxin, that when combined with the tunneling, causes extreme Infested animals rub and scratch continuously. Areas of the head, back, or base of the tail become inflamed and scurfy with only scattered hairs remaining. The infestation may spread over the entire body forming large, dry cracked scabs on the thickened skin. To distinguish it from lice, some scrapings from the margins of the affected skin should be examined for mites. Mites which cause chorioptic mange are very similar to itch mites except they do not burrow into the skin. Chorioptic mites live and feed on the skin surface. The life cycle is similar to the itch mite with the production of lesions and mange in the areas of the hocks, knees and pasterns. They often produce foot mange. Infested horses are restless and are often seen biting or licking the lower legs. Severe infestations may cause lameness.
10 External Parasites on Horses 10 Demodectic Mites The demodectic or follicular mite (Figure 15), is a microscopic (0.23mm), cigar shaped worm-like mite that lives within the skin. All stages of the life cycle are often found within the hair follicle and sebaceous glands. The mite causes nodular lesions in the skin usually around the neck and shoulders. Nodules can vary in size from a sixth of a match head to the size of a golf ball. The nodules form from a creamy fluid substance in which the mites are found. problems for both horses and man. They cause intense itching and reddish welts on the skin. Figure 18. Chigger. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of Adult chiggers do not feed on animals but are predators on eggs and other small arthropods. They lay eggs in the soil which hatch to the 6-legged parasitic "chigger" stage. These seek out a host. They attach to the skin and begin feeding by digesting the skin with strong digestive enzymes, feeding for 3 to 4 days. This feeding causes the intense itching and damage. They then fall off and molt to nonparasitic nymphs and finally adults. Certain pasture areas may become heavily infested with chiggers which can cause massive infestations resulting in severe dermatitis in horses. Mite Control Figure 17. Demodectic mange mite. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of Little is known of the life cycle of this mite. Control is difficult because of the depth of the mites in the skin. Chigger Mites Chigger mites (redbugs) (Figure 16) make up a large group of species which occasionally cause Mange control requires isolation of infested animals and thorough wetting of the whole animal with timed applications of approved pesticides. Chiggers can be controlled by application of detergent wash containing one of the insecticides registered for other mites. Area control is not feasible. Mosquitoes
11 External Parasites on Horses 11 Mosquitoes (Figure 17) are small, two-winged flies with piercing sucking mouthparts. Females of most species suck blood, males do not. Mosquitoes attack all kinds of warm-blooded animals, domestic and wild. has many species recorded as economic pests on livestock. Ticks Two general groups of ticks attack horses, hard ticks and soft ticks. Hard ticks (Figure 18) have long association with the host, feed slowly, take a large blood meal, drop from the host to molt, and lay many eggs. Their mouthparts are anterior and may be seen from above. Ticks are easily distinguished from insects, since the body is not definitely divided and the strong fusion of the thorax and abdomen produces a sac-like leathery appearance. A distinct head is lacking, but there is a head-like structure which bears recurved teeth that are inserted into the wound, allowing the tick to hold on strongly. Females can be greatly distended and are bean-like in form when fully engorged. Ticks have four developmental stages: egg, 6-legged seed or larval stage, 8-legged nymphal stage and 8-legged adult. Figure 19. Mosquito. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of Although habits of different species vary greatly, all require water for the larval stage. Female mosquitoes lay their eggs on water or in places that later become flooded. Egg hatch varies with the species. Larvae (wigglers) hatch from the eggs and feed on organic matter in the water. Pupation takes place in the water. The adult mosquito emerges and is ready to feed in a short time. Damage caused by mosquitoes include pain from the bites, unthriftiness, death by suffocation and heavy blood loss. Mosquitoes also vector such diseases as encephalomyelitis (WNV, WEE, EEE, VEE) and are suspect for many of the mechanically transmitted diseases. If mosquitoes are a serious problem to horses, control measures should be implemented. The most effective control method available is source reduction by removing or draining mosquito breeding sites, through the activity of mosquito control districts. Daily fogging or aerosoling for adult mosquitoes may provide relief but is only a temporary control measure. Figure 20. American dog tick male (L) and female (R). Credits: J. F. Butler, University of Males, females and immatures all feed on blood and lymph. A fully engorged female usually deposits eggs (from 100 to 18,000) on the ground. The larval or seed ticks emerging from eggs usually climb up grasses or other low vegetation to contact passing animals. The larvae molt once into nymphs and go through 1 to 5 (soft ticks only) nymphal stages. Ticks remain in the 8-legged form until they emerge as sexually mature adults. The majority drop off the host to molt after feeding. The effects of ticks upon the host include inflammation, itching and swelling at the bite site, blood loss, production of wounds that may serve as sites for secondary invasion, obstruction of body openings and paralysis from the injection of toxic fluids. They also transmit many diseases, including anaplasmosis, equine piroplasmosis and tularemia.
12 External Parasites on Horses 12 The two most common species in include one hard tick, the tropical horse tick, and one soft tick, the spinose ear tick (Figure 19). The tropical horse tick infests the ears as a one host tick and can be found on animals in South. It is a dangerous vector of babesiosis in horses. The spinose ear tick is a soft tick that also infests the ears and feeds only as larvae and second stage nymphs. Both ticks can cause severe damage to the ear and inner ear. pesticide is applied in strict compliance with label directions. See Table 1 and Table 2. The Food and Drug Administration has established residue tolerances for certain insecticides in the meat of certain animals. When these and other approved insecticides are applied according to recommendations, the pests should be effectively controlled and the animals' products will be safe for consumption. The improper use of insecticides may result in residue in meat. Such products must not be delivered to processing plants. To avoid excessive residues, use the insecticides recommended at the time recommended and in the amounts recommended. References Figure 21. Spinose ear ticks feeding. Credits: J. F. Butler, University of Tick control may be attempted through area or premise control with insecticides. Premise control kills ticks which are either engorged or on foliage waiting to contact a host. On animals, control may also be successful with spray or dips. Keys To Pesticide Safety 1. Before using any pesticide, stop and read the precautions. 2. Read the label on each pesticide container before each use. Heed all warnings and precautions. 3. Store all pesticides in their original containers away from food or feed. 4. Keep pesticides out of the reach of children, pets and livestock. 5. Apply pesticides only as directed. 6. Dispose of empty containers promptly and safely. Recommendations in this document are guidelines only. The user must insure that the Broce, A. B An improved Alsynite trap for stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Med. Entomol. 25: Catts, E. P. and G. R. Mullen Myiasis (Muscoidea, Oestroidea), In: Medical and Veterinary Entomology, (G. R. Mullen and L. A. Durden, Eds.), pp Elsevier Science, San Diego, CA. George, J. E., R. B. Davey and J. M. Pound Introduced ticks and tick-borne diseases: the threat and approaches to eradication. Vet. Clin. Food Anim. 18: Hogsette, J. A. and J. P. Ruff Stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) migration in Northwest. Environ. Entomol. 14: Jones, C. J., J. A. Hogsette, R. S. Patterson, D. E. Milne, G. D. Propp, J. F. Milio, L. G. Rickard and J. P. Ruff Origin of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on West beaches: Electrophoretic analysis of dispersal. J. Med. Entomol. 28: Knapp, F. W Arthropod pests of horses. In: Livestock Entomology (R. E. Williams, R. D. Hall, A. B. Broce and P. J. Scholl, eds.), pp Wiley, New York.
13 External Parasites on Horses 13 Lysyk, T. J. and R. C. Axtell Movement and distribution of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) between habitats on two livestock farms. J. Econ. Entomol. 76: Moon, R. D Muscoid flies (Muscidae), In: Medical and Veterinary Entomology, (G. R. Mullen and L. A. Durden, Eds.), pp Elsevier Science, San Diego, CA. Mullens, B. A Horse flies and deer flies (Tabanidae), In: Medical and Veterinary Entomology, (G. R. Mullen and L. A. Durden, Eds.), pp Elsevier Science, San Diego, CA. Pickens, L. G., E. T. Schmidtmann and R. W. Miller How to control house and stable flies without using pesticides, pp USDA, Washington, DC. Sonenshine, D. E., R. S. Lane and W. L. Nicholson Ticks (Ixodida), In: Medical and Veterinary Entomology, (G. R. Mullen and L. A. Durden, Eds.), pp Elsevier Science, San Diego, CA. Steinkraus, D. C., C. J. Geden and D. A. Rutz Prevalence of Entomophthora muscae (Cohn) Fresenius (Zygomycetes: Entomophthoraceae) in house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on dairy farms in New York and induction of epizootics. Biol. Cont. 3:
14 External Parasites on Horses 14 Table 1. Summary of Insecticide Registrations. Insecticide Formulation Signal Word Pests Beauveria bassiana (BalEnce) Coumaphos (Co-Ral) Permethrin (Atroban 11%) Fly Bait Caution House fly Danger/Warning horn flies, lice, ticks black flies, eye gnats, horn flies, horse flies, house flies, lice, mange mites, mosquitoes, scabies mites, sheep keds, stable flies, ticks (Atroban 42.5%) Danger horn flies, horse flies, house flies, lice, mites, mosquitoes, stable flies, ticks (Brute Insecticide for Horses) Ready-To-Use-Liquid Warning black flies, horn flies, lice mosquitoes, ticks (Buzz Off) Pour-On Caution deer flies, eye gnats, horn flies, house flies, lice, stable flies, ticks (Catron IV) Aerosol Caution deer flies, ear ticks, horn flies, house flies, house flies, gnats, screwworms, stable flies (GardStar 40% EC) Danger black flies, eye gnats, fleas, horn flies, horse flies, house flies, lice, mange mites, mosquitoes, scabies mites, stable flies, ticks (Permectrin CDS) Pour-On Caution deer flies, eye gnats, horn flies, house flies, lice, stable flies, ticks (Permectrin II) Caution horn flies, horse flies, lice, mites, mosquitoes, stable flies, ticks Tetrachlorvinphos (Rabon 7.76 Oral Larvacide Premix) Zeta-cypermethrin (Python Dust) Feed Additive Caution house flies, stable flies Dust Caution horn flies, keds, lice, ticks Table 2. Registered Insecticides for Specific Horse Pests. Insecticide Formulation Re-Treatment Interval Comments Brute Insecticide for Horses Ready-To-Use- Liquid Black Flies 7 days Apply to clean animals, according to label directions. Do not treat foals under 12 weeks of age.
15 External Parasites on Horses 15 Table 2. Registered Insecticides for Specific Horse Pests. Insecticide Formulation Re-Treatment Interval Comments GardStar 40% EC Deer Flies Buzz Off Pour-On As needed May be applied as a wipe-on or ready-to-use spray for horses and foals. May apply as a pour-on, after riding or exercise, to mature horses. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise spray in and around horse premises. Catron IV Aerosol Spray according to label directions. Permectrin CDS Pour-On As necessary Apply as a pour-on or ready-to-use spray to mature horses after riding or exercising. Apply as a wipe-on to horses or foals. Aids in control of black flies, horse flies and mosquitoes. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise treatment to animal housing. Eye Gnats Buzz Off Pour-On As needed May be applied as a wipe-on or ready-to-use spray for horses and foals. May apply as a pour-on, after riding or exercise, to mature horses. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise spray in and around horse premises. Catron IV GardStar 40% Aerosol Spray according to label directions. Permectrin CDS Pour-On As necessary Apply as a pour-on or ready-to-use spray to mature horses after riding or exercising. Apply as a wipe-on to horses or foals. Aids in control of black flies, horse flies and mosquitoes. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise treatment to animal housing. Fleas GardStar 40% Horn Flies
16 External Parasites on Horses 16 Table 2. Registered Insecticides for Specific Horse Pests. Insecticide Formulation Re-Treatment Interval Comments Atroban 42.5% EC Brute Insecticide for Horses Ready-To-Use Liquid 10 to 14 days Apply diluted product, according to label directions as a dip or spray. 7 days Apply to clean animals, according to label directions. Do not treat foals under 12 weeks of age. Buzz Off Pour-On As needed May be applied as a wipe-on or ready-to-use spray for horses and foals. May apply as a pour-on, after riding or exercise, to mature horses. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise spray in and around horse premises. Catron IV Co-Ral Livestock Insecticide (coumaphos) Co-Ral Fly and Tick Spray (coumaphos) GardStar 40% EC Aerosol Repeat as necessary Spray according to label directions. Apply specified dosage. Treat thoroughly all wounds and injuries. 10 days Apply specified dosage for a complete wetting. Treat no more than six times per year. Permectrin CDS Permectrin II Python Dust (zeta-cypermethrin) Pour-On As necessary Apply as a pour-on or ready-to-use spray to mature horses after riding or exercising. Apply as a wipe-on to horses or foals. Aids in control of black flies, horse flies and mosquitoes. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise treatment to animal housing. Dust 2 weeks May be applied as spray or to charge a backrubber. May be applied as a premise spray in barns or animal housing. Can be applied by dust bag, shaker can, dusting glove and mechanical dust applicator. See label for directions. Atroban 42.5% EC Catron IV Aerosol Horse Flies 10 to 14 days Apply diluted product, according to label directions as a dip or spray. Spray according to label directions.
17 External Parasites on Horses 17 Table 2. Registered Insecticides for Specific Horse Pests. Insecticide Formulation Re-Treatment Interval Comments GardStar 40% EC Permectrin II Atroban 42.5% EC 2 weeks May be applied as spray or to charge a backrubber. May be applied as a premise spray in barns or animal housing. House Flies 10 to 14 days Apply diluted product, according to label directions as a dip or spray. Beauveria bassiana (BalEnce) Buzz Off Fly Bait Caution House fly Pour-On As needed May be applied as a wipe-on or ready-to-use spray for horses and foals. May apply as a pour-on, after riding or exercise, to mature horses. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise spray in and around horse premises. Catron IV GardStar 40% EC Aerosol Spray according to label directions. Permectrin CDS Rabon 7.76 Oral Larvicide Premix (tetrachlorvinphos) Pour-On As necessary Apply as a pour-on or ready-to-use spray to mature horses after riding or exercising. Apply as a wipe-on to horses or foals. Aids in control of black flies, horse flies and mosquitoes. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise treatment to animal housing. Feed Additive Prepare feed according to label directions. All horses in the stable area should be treated. Atroban 42.5% EC Brute Insecticide for Horses Ready-To-Use Liquid Lice 10 to 14 days Apply diluted product, according to label directions as a dip or spray. 7 days Apply to clean animals, according to label directions. Do not treat foals under 12 weeks of age.
18 External Parasites on Horses 18 Table 2. Registered Insecticides for Specific Horse Pests. Insecticide Formulation Re-Treatment Interval Comments Buzz Off Co-Ral Livestock Insecticide (coumaphos) Pour-On As needed May be applied as a wipe-on or ready-to-use spray for horses and foals. May apply as a pour-on, after riding or exercise, to mature horses. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise spray in and around horse premises. Repeat as necessary Apply specified dosage. Treat thoroughly all wounds and injuries. Co-Ral Fly and Tick Spray (coumaphos) GardStar 40% EC 10 days Apply specified dosage for a complete wetting. Treat no more than six times per year. Permectrin CDS Pour-On As necessary Apply as a pour-on or ready-to-use spray to mature horses after riding or exercising. Apply as a wipe-on to horses or foals. Aids in control of black flies, horse flies and mosquitoes. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise treatment to animal housing. Permectrin II Python Dust (zeta-cypermethrin) Atroban 42.5% EC GardStar 40% EC Permectrin II Dust 2 weeks May be applied as spray or to charge a backrubber. May be applied as a premise spray in barns or animal housing. Mange Mites Can be applied by dust bag, shaker can, dusting glove and mechanical dust applicator. See label for directions. 10 to 14 days Apply diluted product, according to label directions as a dip or spray. 2 weeks May be applied as spray or to charge a backrubber. May be applied as a premise spray in barns or animal housing. Atroban 42.5% EC Mosquitoes 10 to 14 days Apply diluted product, according to label directions as a dip or spray.
19 External Parasites on Horses 19 Table 2. Registered Insecticides for Specific Horse Pests. Insecticide Formulation Re-Treatment Interval Comments Brute Insecticide for Horses GardStar 40% EC Permectrin II Atroban 42.5% EC GardStar 40% EC Permectrin II Catron IV Ready-To-Use Liquid Aerosol 7 days Apply to clean animals, according to label directions. Do not treat foals under 12 weeks of age. 2 weeks May be applied as spray or to charge a backrubber. May be applied as a premise spray in barns or animal housing. Scabies Mites 10 to 14 days Apply diluted product, according to label directions as a dip or spray. 2 weeks May be applied as spray or to charge a backrubber. May be applied as a premise spray in barns or animal housing. Screwworms Stable Flies Spray according to label directions. Atroban 42.5% EC Buzz Off 10 to 14 days Apply diluted product, according to label directions as a dip or spray. Pour-On As needed May be applied as a wipe-on or ready-to-use spray for horses and foals. May apply as a pour-on, after riding or exercise, to mature horses. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise spray in and around horse premises. Catron IV GardStar 40% EC Aerosol Spray according to label directions. Permectrin CDS Pour-On As necessary Apply as a pour-on or ready-to-use spray to mature horses after riding or exercising. Apply as a wipe-on to horses or foals. Aids in control of black flies, horse flies and mosquitoes. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise treatment to animal housing.
20 External Parasites on Horses 20 Table 2. Registered Insecticides for Specific Horse Pests. Insecticide Formulation Re-Treatment Interval Comments Permectrin II Rabon 7.76 Oral Larvicide Premix (tetrachlorvinphos) Feed Additive 2 weeks May be applied as spray or to charge a backrubber. May be applied as a premise spray in barns or animal housing. Ticks Prepare feed according to label directions. All horses in the stable area should be treated. Atroban 42.5% EC Brute Insecticide for Horses Buzz Off Ready-To-Use Liquid 10 to 14 days Apply diluted product, according to label directions as a dip or spray. 7 days Apply to clean animals, according to label directions. Do not treat foals under 12 weeks of age. Pour-On As needed May be applied as a wipe-on or ready-to-use spray for horses and foals. May apply as a pour-on, after riding or exercise, to mature horses. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise spray in and around horse premises. Catron IV Aerosol Spray according to label directions. Co-Ral Livestock Insecticide (coumaphos) Repeat as necessary Apply specified dosage. Treat thoroughly all wounds and injuries. Co-Ral Fly and Tick Spray (coumaphos) GardStar 40% EC 10 days Apply specified dosage for a complete wetting. Treat no more than six times per year. Permectrin CDS Pour-On As necessary Apply as a pour-on or ready-to-use spray to mature horses after riding or exercising. Apply as a wipe-on to horses or foals. Aids in control of black flies, horse flies and mosquitoes. May be applied as a ready-to-use spot or premise treatment to animal housing. (Reg 06/07) Permectrin II Python Dust (zeta-cypermethrin) Dust 2 weeks May be applied as spray or to charge a backrubber. May be applied as a premise spray in barns or animal housing. (Reg 06/07) Ticks (Ear) Can be applied by dust bag, shaker can, dusting glove and mechanical dust applicator. See label for directions. (Reg 03/06)
21 External Parasites on Horses 21 Table 2. Registered Insecticides for Specific Horse Pests. Insecticide Formulation Re-Treatment Interval Comments Catron IV Aerosol Spray according to label directions. (Reg 06/07)
EXTERNAL PARASITES ON HORSES
EXTERNAL PARASITES ON HORSES P. E. Kaufman, P. G. Koehler and J. F. Butler Arthropod parasites of horses include internal bots that infest the digestive tract, mites that burrow in the skin and feed on
More informationExternal Parasites on Swine 1
ENY-287 1 P. E. Kaufman, P. G. Koehler, and J. F. Butler 2 External parasites of swine are a serious problem for Florida producers. Arthropod parasites limit production by feeding on blood, skin, and hair.
More informationExternal Parasites on Swine 1
ENY-287 1 P. E. Kaufman, P. G. Koehler, and J. F. Butler 2 External parasites of swine are a serious problem for Florida producers. Arthropod parasites limit production by feeding on blood, skin, and hair.
More informationManagement of External Parasites on Sheep and Goats 1
ENY-253 Management of External Parasites on Sheep and 1 P. G. Koehler and J. F. Butler 2 Keys to Pesticide Safety 1. Before using any pesticide, stop and read the precautions. 2. Read the label on each
More informationExternal Parasites of Dairy Cattle 1
ENY-251 External Parasites of Dairy Cattle 1 P. E. Kaufman, P. G. Koehler and J. F. Butler 2 Flies Flies (Figure 4) are characterized by having one pair of wings. They have complete metamorphosis with
More informationSOLUTIONS TO ANIMAL PEST CONTROL STUDY QUESTIONS For the TDA Commercial/Non-Commercial Exam
1 SOLUTIONS TO ANIMAL PEST CONTROL STUDY QUESTIONS For the TDA Commercial/Non-Commercial Exam INSTRUCTIONS: As you study through the text, look for the answers to the following questions and mark them
More informationANIMAL PEST CONTROL Study Questions to help you prepare for the TDA Commercial/Non-Commercial Exam
1 ANIMAL PEST CONTROL Study Questions to help you prepare for the TDA Commercial/Non-Commercial Exam INSTRUCTIONS: As you study through the text, look for the answers to the following questions and mark
More informationExternal Parasites of Poultry 1
ENY-290 External Parasites of Poultry 1 P. E. Kaufman, P. G. Koehler and J. F. Butler 2 Arthropods are important pests of poultry in Florida, especially where proper management practices are not implemented.
More informationAGRICUl TURAl PEST CONTROL ANIMAL
< APPL Y PESTICIDES CORRECTLY A GUIDE FOR COMMERCIAL APPLICATORS AGRICUl TURAl PEST CONTROL ANIMAL u.s. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 TABLE OF CONTENTS
More informationExternal Parasites of Poultry 1
ENY-290 1 P. E. Kaufman 2 Arthropods are important pests of poultry in Florida, especially where proper management practices are not implemented. Lice and mites are the most common pests of poultry in
More informationLarge, dark brown or black with dark eyes Adult females feed on blood; adult males feed on nectar Vector for Equine Infectious Anemia
Eggs look the same as for large strongyles Eaten from grass blades Thrives between temperatures of 40 F Larvae burrow into intestine lining and remain dormant (encysted) for several months during life
More informationINSECT CONTROL ON SWINE 2019 Lee Townsend and Ric Bessin, Extension Entomologists
INSECT CONTROL ON SWINE 2019 Lee Townsend and Ric Bessin, Extension Entomologists ENT-23 This publication contains only a portion of the important information included on pesticide labels. Always read
More informationPesky Ectoparasites. Insecta fleas, lice and flies. Acari- ticks and mites
Pesky Ectoparasites Parasite control should be at the forefront of every pet owner s life as all animals have the propensity to contract numerous ones at one stage or another. They are a challenge to the
More informationLivestock Cattle, Hogs, Poultry, Sheep and Goats
The most important pests of livestock in Louisiana are horse flies, horn flies, mosquitoes, lice, ticks, cattle grubs, mites and houseflies. These pests are responsible for large losses to the livestock
More informationExternal Parasites of Poultry 1
ENY-290 1 P. E. Kaufman 2 Arthropods are important pests of poultry in Florida, especially where proper management practices are not implemented. Lice and mites are the most common pests of poultry in
More informationBeef Cattle Control External Parasites
2008 Control External Parasites of Beef Cattle External parasites of beef cattle include several species of insects, mites and ticks. Most of these pests feed on blood, but some feed only on the skin.
More informationBy William C. Rebhun. Calves commonly are affected in several spots around the face, eyelids, ears, and neck, although lesions can occur
Skin Diseases By William C. Rebhun 1^^ ingworm is a fungal in- Mfection of the skin (dermatomycosis) that occurs commonly in calves and occasionally in adult cattle. It is contagious; therefore, when one
More informationINCIDE 25 FLY KILLER SURFACE AND TOPICAL SPRAY AGRICULTURAL. Main Panel English: InCide 25 Fly Killer ml 3 INSECTICIDE
2015-1582 2015-06-09 InCide 25 Fly Killer - 500 ml BOTTLE Main Panel English: INCIDE 25 FLY KILLER GROUP 3 INSECTICIDE SURFACE AND TOPICAL SPRAY HORN FLIES FACE FLIES BLACK FLIES MOSQUITOS LICE AGRICULTURAL
More informationLOUISIANA RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONTROL OF INSECTS ON HORSES
LOUISIANA RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONTROL OF INSECTS ON HORSES Pest Insecticides Rates/Mixing/Dilution Flies and Mosquitoes Co-Ral (6.15%) Mix 5 ozs. in 4 gals. water. Spray thoroughly. Do not make applications
More informationPets: Dog and Cat External Parasites 7-1. Insecticide Active Ingredient [% A.I. in product] Mixing and Application Information Precautions
Pets: Dog and Cat External Parasites 7-1 Dusts Flea powders are not as popular as they once were. Many materials previously available as flea powder are no longer approved for use in Virginia or now come
More informationWest Nile Virus. Mosquito Control and Personal Protection. West Nile Virus Information - Mosquito Control and Personal Protection
West Nile Virus Mosquito Control and Personal Protection Objective of the Presentation Description of West Nile Virus Transmission of West Nile Virus Life Cycle of Mosquitoes Controlling Breeding Areas
More informationExternal Parasites of Goats
External Parasites of Goats Dr. Justin Talley and Dr. Dave Sparks Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK Introduction Arthropod pests limit production in the goat industry in many ways. External parasites
More informationEC Cattle Grub Control in Nebraska
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Historical Materials from University of Nebraska- Lincoln Extension Extension 1971 EC71-1528 Cattle Grub Control in Nebraska
More informationANIMAL INSECT CONTROL. Application Animal Pest Problem Formulation Method and Rate Restrictions Remarks to Slaughter. necessary.
BEEF CATTLE Cattle Grub (Also controls lice, some reduction of horn flies.) Systemics for grub control should be ap plied be fore Oct. 15 in Arkansas. Treatment later than Oct. 15 may cause toxic reactions
More informationANIMAL INSECT CONTROL
ANIMAL INSECT CONTROL HORSES Bots Ivermectin (Zimecterin, Eqvalan, Equimectrin) 1.87% paste Quest Plus Equine Oral Gel (moxidectin/praziquantel) Equinox Dewormer (ivermectin/praziquantel) Quest Equine
More informationArthropod Parasites: Flies & Myiasis
Arthropod Parasites: Flies & Myiasis Spencer Greenwood Dept. of Biomedical Sciences Office: 3313 N AVC North Annex 566-6002 (W) 892-4686 (H) Sgreenwood@upei.ca The Flies - Diptera P Over 120,000 described
More informationLivestock Pests, External Parasites
Livestock Pests, External Parasites Item Type text; Book Authors Armer, Walter Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Download date 18/06/2018 13:03:58 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/312564
More informationFlea Control for Dogs
Flea Control for Dogs Successful flea control has two aspects. Fleas must be controlled on your dog, and fleas must be controlled in your dog's environment. Since cats and dogs share the same fleas, all
More informationExternal Parasites of Goats
Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service EPP-7019 External Parasites of Goats Justin Talley Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Dave Sparks D.V.M. Area Extension Food Animal Quality and Health Specialist
More informationTop Ten Grape Insect Pests in Nebraska Chelsey M. Wasem and Frederick P. Baxendale Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Apple Twig Borer Top Ten Grape Insect Pests in Nebraska Chelsey M. Wasem and Frederick P. Baxendale Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Insect Identification: Adults (beetles) are
More informationWood Ticks Things You Should Know
Wood Ticks Things You Should Know Veterinary & Aquatic Services Department, Drs. Foster & Smith, Inc. Ticks are a common external (on the skin) parasite of many animals, including dogs. Did you know that
More informationF l e a s. Health Department of We s t e rn Australia. adult flea egg pupa. larva
P E S T S F l e a s adult flea egg pupa larva Health Department of We s t e rn Australia F l e a s P E S T S Fleas are readily controlled provided you take a few simple steps. The majority of fleas found
More informationGeneral Practice Service Willows Information Sheets. Ectoparasites (fleas and other skin parasites) in cats
General Practice Service Willows Information Sheets Ectoparasites (fleas and other skin parasites) in cats Flea Tick Mite Louse Ectoparasites (fleas and other skin parasites) in cats What types of skin
More informationPest Solutions. A Strategy for Flea Control
Pest Solutions A Strategy for Flea Control A Strategy for Flea Control Fleas are a continuing problem in public health and cases of incomplete control following insecticide treatment are occasionally reported
More informationOf Mites and Hen. Controlling Northern Fowl Mites (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) in U.S. Poultry. Importance
Of Mites and Hen Controlling Northern Fowl Mites (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) in U.S. Poultry Dr. Mike Catangui, Ph.D., Entomologist Manager, MWI Animal Health Technical Services Importance Northern fowl
More informationScorpion Flies Swarm North Texas
Kimberly Schofield Program Specialist-Urban IPM k-schofield@tamu.edu Scorpion Flies Swarm North Texas As you stroll through the woods this fall, you might notice an interesting insect called a scorpion
More information4MONTHS FORDOGS MEDIUM DOG WARNING MEDIUM DOG LBS REPELS AND KILLS TICKS, FLEAS, & MOSOUITOS
FOR USE ONLY ON DOGS AND PUPPIES 7 WEEKS OF AGE AND OLDER WEIGHING MONTHS 4 4MONTHS MONTHS 4 CONTAINS IMIDACLOPRID, PERMETHRIN & PYRIPROXYFEN 4MONTHS REPELS AND KILLS TICKS, FLEAS, & MOSOUITOS FOR USE
More informationCattle Ectoparasites and Their Control Rachel Mallet, Bimeda Professional Services Vet
Cattle Ectoparasites and Their Control Rachel Mallet, Bimeda Professional Services Vet Global Excellence in Animal Health Parasitism Key Terms Parasitism is the association of two organisms, one of which
More informationPets: Dog and Cat External Parasites 7-1. Insecticide Active Ingredient [% A.I. in product] Mixing and Application information Precautions
Pets: Dog and Cat External Parasites 7-1 Dusts Flea powders are not as popular as they once were. Many materials previously available as flea powder have been phased out of use in Virginia or now come
More informationWe will need to know your pets weight in order to prescribe the correct dose of medication.
Care Guide Flea and worm prevention. There are many medications available to treat and protect your pets against parasites. We are always happy to advise you on a specific regime tailored to meet your
More informationSmall Fly Biology and Control. A guide to iden+fica+on and treatment protocols for fruit and phorid flies
Small Fly Biology and Control A guide to iden+fica+on and treatment protocols for fruit and phorid flies Fruit Flies Adult Drosophila melanogaster are 1/8 long with large red eyes, tan head and thorax
More informationEBA Series FOOTHILL ABORTION UPDATE: PART I: THE TICK
EBA Series FOOTHILL ABORTION UPDATE: PART I: THE TICK Foothill abortion in cattle, also known as Epizootic Bovine Abortion (EBA), is a condition well known to beef producers who have experienced losses
More informationthe NARCISSUS BULB FLY
, the NARCISSUS BULB FLY. ' 1' id its damage in home gardens LEAFLET NO. 444 Agricultural Research Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE paiedeedif poi... Low Tilt LAMM U.S. DI AITAIIPIT OF MICULTURE
More informationNationals Written Test Stable Management Study Guide February, 2012
Nationals Written Test Stable Management Study Guide February, 2012 Questions are taken from Horses a Guide to Selection, Care, and Enjoyment, 3 rd Edition, by J. Warren Evans, Pages 338 351 and 376 391
More informationlarge dog lbs REPELS AND kills ticks, fleas and mosquitoes
DO NOT USE ON CATS 81356823 108 x 34 x 120 Topical Prevention and Treatment of Ticks, Fleas, Mosquitoes, Biting Flies and Lice for Monthly Use Only on Dogs and Puppies 7 Weeks of Age and Older and Weighing
More informationCyLence. Ready to Use. Pour-On Insecticide. For Control of Horn Flies, Chewing Lice and Sucking Lice on Beef and Dairy (including lactating) Cattle
2014-4928 2014-11-27 GROUP 3 INSECTICIDE CyLence Ready to Use Pour-On Insecticide For Control of Horn Flies, Chewing Lice and Sucking Lice on Beef and Dairy (including lactating) Cattle COMMERCIAL GUARANTEE:
More informationEVERCIDE Horse & Dog Spray 28022
EVERCIDE Horse & Dog Spray 28022 [COMMERCIAL SECTION OF LABEL] ( ) indicates optional language [Ready to Use Insecticide & Repellent] [For Use Only on Horses, Ponies, Dogs, and as a Premise spray] [For
More informationX-DISEASE TH. OF CATTLE I AYllG{ - OIS. ~I RCU lar 656 Extension Service in Agriculture and Home Economics INCE
X-DISEASE TH S INCE OF CATTLE I AYllG{ - OIS By C. C. MORRILL and R. P. LINK UIIJH8SITY OF lluuoij Coll ege of Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural Experiment Station 1941 A DISEASE OF CATTLE which is
More informationKMG-Bernuth, Inc. A KMG Chemicals Company Harwin Drive, Suite 402 Houston, TX 77036
KMG-Bernuth, Inc. A KMG Chemicals Company 10611 Harwin Drive, Suite 402 Houston, TX 77036 For details, contact us at 713-988-9252, 800-275-5642 or at www.kmgchemicals.com 2004 KMG Chemicals Company. All
More informationDewormer/Insecticide Best Management Practices For Conservation Grazing on MN Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) November 19, 2014
Dewormer/Insecticide Best Management Practices For Conservation Grazing on MN Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) November 19, 2014 What is the Problem? Successful pest management is an essential part of
More informationInsect Pests of Food Establishments
Insect Pests of Food Establishments Bobby Corrigan, Ph.D. NEHA Tucson, Arizona June 2008 1 Every food establishment will experience some pest activity: Why? Odors, water, heat, deliveries, traffic, abundant
More informationRain and the mosquitoes they bring! Justin Talley, Extension Livestock Entomologist Bruce Noden, Medical/Veterinary Entomologist
Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK74078 405.744.5527 Vol. 13, No. 20 http://entoplp.okstate.edu/pddl/ Jun 20, 2014 Rain and the mosquitoes
More informationPERMIT TO ALLOW THE OFF LABEL USE OF AN REGISTERED VETERINARY CHEMICAL PRODUCT PERMIT NUMBER PER12555
PERMIT TO ALLOW THE OFF LABEL USE OF AN REGISTERED VETERINARY CHEMICAL PRODUCT PERMIT NUMBER PER12555 This permit is issued to the Permit Holder in response to an application granted by the APVMA under
More informationWhich came first, The Mosquito. Or the Egg?
Which came first, The Mosquito Or the Egg? No one really knows for sure. But what we do know is that mosquitoes go through four stages of growth: Eggs hatch into larva, which curl up into pupa, which then
More informationPhysical Description Meadow voles are small rodents with legs and tails, bodies, and ears.
A Guide to Meadow Voles Identification, Biology and Control Methods Identification There are 5 species of Meadow Vole common to California. They are the California Vole, Long-tailed Vole, Creeping Vole,
More informationCommon Cattle Grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Villers) (Insecta: Diptera: Oestridae) 1
EENY-020 Common Cattle Grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Villers) (Insecta: Diptera: Oestridae) 1 H. Sanchez-Arroyo 2 Introduction Two species of cattle grubs affect domestic cattle in the Northern Hemisphere.
More informationAny Animal. Section G. General Conditions (many different animals) Sicknesses seen on the outside of the animal. Injuries.
Section G General Conditions (many different animals) Sicknesses seen on the outside of the animal Injuries Photo credit: Dr. M. Cattet See Section G-1.1 Emaciation See Section G-1.2 Photo credit: WCVM
More informationCAUTION KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN READ SAFETY DIRECTIONS BEFORE OPENING OR USING FOR ANIMAL TREATMENT ONLY JETGARD TM
Draft text label: JETGARD BLOWFLY AND LICE JETTING FLUID MAIN PANEL CAUTION KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN READ SAFETY DIRECTIONS BEFORE OPENING OR USING FOR ANIMAL TREATMENT ONLY JETGARD TM BLOWFLY AND
More informationDEWORMING PROCESS KRISHIMATE AGRO AND DAIRY PVT LTD NO.1176, 1ST CROSS, 12TH B MAIN, H A L 2ND STAGE, INDIRANAGAR BANGALORE , INDIA
DEWORMING PROCESS KRISHIMATE AGRO AND DAIRY PVT LTD NO.1176, 1ST CROSS, 12TH B MAIN, H A L 2ND STAGE, INDIRANAGAR BANGALORE-560008, INDIA Email: sales@srisaiagro.com Www.srisaiagro.com INSTRODUCTION According
More informationFight The Bite. Mosquito Control on Woodlots. Introduction and Overview. History. Vector. Mosquitoes and Flies
Fight The Bite Mosquito Control on Woodlots Introduction and Overview Josh Jacobson Assistant Biologist Theresa Micallef Overview District Background/History Mosquito Biology What We Do West Nile Virus
More informationMosquito-borne Dog Heartworm Disease 1
ENY-628 Mosquito-borne Dog Heartworm Disease 1 J. K. Nayar and C. Roxanne Rutledge 2 Each year thousands of dogs become disabled or die from lung, heart or circulatory problems caused by heartworm disease.
More informationsoft ticks hard ticks
Ticks Family Argasidae soft ticks Only 4 genera of Argasidae Argas, Ornithodoros, Otobius (not covered) and Carios (not covered) Family Ixodidae hard ticks Only 4 genera of Ixodidae covered because of
More informationA NEW PUPPY! VACCINATION
A NEW PUPPY! Congratulations on the arrival of your new puppy! The following information is provided to help you with the essential health care for your new family member. VACCINATION Some canine diseases
More informationUSA Product Label PARASTAR PLUS (45-88 LBS.) Novartis. (fipronil/cyphenothrin) 3 EASY-TO-USE APPLICATIONS. For dogs lbs.
USA Product Label http://www.vetdepot.com NOVARTIS ANIMAL HEALTH US, INC. 3200 NORTHLINE AVE. SUITE 300, GREENSBORO, NC, 27408 Customer Service: 800-332-2761 Professional Services: 800-637-0281 Fax: 336-387-1168
More informationExternal Parasite Control
Eternal Parasite Control Originally published as PIH-40. Eternal parasitism is a continuing problem for pork producers. Estimates of annual losses to lice and mange infestations range from $30 million
More informationHoofed Animals. Section E. Muskox Section E-2. Caribou Section E-1. Moose Section E-3
Section E Caribou Section E-1 Muskox Section E-2 Moose Section E-3 Section E Diseases and Parasites of Nose and throat bots Head Photo Credit: NWT Wildlife Division Caribou Section E-1.1 Lumpy jaw Contagious
More informationCOOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE Some Common or Important Kentucky Mosquitoes By Lee Townsend, Extension Entomologist Kentucky is home to more than 50 species of mosquitoes. This publication provides information
More informationWARNING KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN DO NOT USE ON CATS. Code: pvasmmd
Code: pvasmmd ACTIVE INGREDIENTS % BY WEIGHT IMIDACLOPRID 8.80% PERMETHRIN* 44.00% PYRIPROXYFEN 0.44% OTHER INGREDIENTS 46.76% TOTAL 100.00% *cis/trans ratio: Max 55(±) cis and min 45%(±) trans Monthly
More informationLECTURE #13: Select Flies
Class Insect - the insects Order Diptera - flies LECTURE #13: Select Flies Family Muscidae (Filth Flies) Musca domestica - house fly - have fleshy, sponging mouth parts that feed on liquid or small particles
More informationAcknowledgements. Revised by: Richard W. Gleason, Adjunct Assistant, Florida 4-H Department, IFAS, University of Florida.
li i Circular 545 i By: Carolee Boyles, 4-H IPM Coordinator, Florida 4-H Department, and Dr. Philip G. Koehler, Extension Entomologist, Department of Entomology and Nematology,lFAS, University of Florida,
More informationSheep/Lice (Bovicola ovis)
blank page i ii blank page This product is a concentrate for use in sheep of all ages. Product is NOT to be used undiluted. The 16.0 g/l ivermectin concentrate is diluted 1:500 and applied by jetting for
More informationFrequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions Q. What attracts female mosquitoes to humans? A. Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Hormones, Pheromones Q. Why can't mosquito control programs spray during the day? A. Mosquitoes are more
More informationextra large dog over 55 lbs kills flea eggs
Seite 1: Layout aussen Seite 2: Layout innen Seite 3: Lack und Prägung DO NOT USE ON CATS 81356831 108 x 34 x 120 after handling and before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet.
More informationQUICK-ACTING LONG-LASTING WATERPROOF READ ENTIRE LABEL AND ENCLOSED DIRECTIONS BEFORE EACH USE
READ ENTIRE LABEL AND ENCLOSED DIRECTIONS BEE EACH USE USE ONLY ON & KITTENS OVER 1.5 LBS. AND 8 WEEKS AND OLDER. QUICK-ACTING LONG-LASTING WATERPROOF FREQUENCY OF APPLICATION Monthly application of Pet
More informationInsect vectors. Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Micro 1 Mt SAC Biology Department Internet version
Insect vectors Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Micro 1 Mt SAC Biology Department Internet version Biological vs mechanical transmission Mechanical Pathogen is picked up from a source and deposited on another location
More informationTraining Module No 2
Training Module No 2 Theory 1. Heartwater 2. 5 point check for internal parasites 3. Checking for signs of anaemia 4. Roundworm 5. Taking temperature and weighing your goat Property of Abafuyi Media Training
More informationA monthly spot-on treatment for puppies and dogs.
K9 ADVANTIX For use in dogs only. Do not use on cats or rabbits. For use on puppies and adult dogs at least 7 weeks of age. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationOn-Farm Salmonella Control Measures For. Pest Control
On-Farm Salmonella Control Measures For Layers Pest Control Rodents And Other Animals All animals, including birds and reptiles, can carry Salmonella spp. Control of Salmonella spp. from mammals such as
More informationFeline and Canine Internal Parasites
Feline and Canine Internal Parasites Internal parasites are a very common problem among dogs. Almost all puppies are already infected with roundworm when still in the uterus, or get the infection immediately
More informationK9 ADVANTIX
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- K9 ADVANTIX For use in dogs only. Do not use on cats or rabbits. For use on puppies and adult dogs at least 7
More informationParasites: Lice, Ticks & Fleas By C.D. Shelton
Parasites: Lice, Ticks & Fleas By C.D. Shelton How to Get Rid of Mites or Lice on Infant Squirrels Cuteness - Squirrels are prone to skin parasites such as lice, fleas, ticks, mange and other mites. Several
More informationlarge dog 5-way protection against: fleas/ticks/biting flies/mosquitoes/lice WARNING pack flea & tick protection KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
from the makers of 5-way protection against: fleas/ticks/biting flies/mosquitoes/lice Topical prevention and treatment of fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, biting flies, and lice for monthly use only on dogs and
More informationMosquito Reference Document
INTRODUCTION Insects (class Insecta) are highly diverse and one of the most successful groups of animals. They live in almost every region of the world: at high elevation, in freshwater, in oceans, and
More information* * CATS. 8 weeks and Older and Weighing Over 1.5 lbs. How to Apply CAUTION FOR CATS
How to Apply OPEN Applicator Hold upright with foil side toward you and snap applicator tip. p APPLY FRONTLINE Plus Part the cat s hair above the shoulder blades, at the base of the neck. Place the applicator
More informationSheep Scab. Fig. 1: Sheep scab can be introduced from stray sheep - this perimeter fence is not secure.
Sheep Scab Phil Scott DVM&S, DipECBHM, CertCHP, DSHP, FRCVS Cause Sheep scab is caused by the mitepsoroptes ovis; cattle are rarely affected. Mites are most commonly transmitted by direct contact with
More informationMAJOR INTERNAL PARASITES AFFECTING HORSES AND OTHER EQUIDS
W 654 MAJOR INTERNAL PARASITES AFFECTING HORSES AND OTHER EQUIDS Jennie L. Ivey, PhD, PAS, Assistant Professor Lew Strickland, DVM, MS, DACT, Assistant Professor Holly Evans, Animal Science Intern Department
More informationAn Introduction To A Few Of The Most Common Diseases Found In Mammals
An Introduction To A Few Of The Most Common Diseases Found In Mammals Introduction A disease can be considered something that causes a disturbance to the normal function or structure of an animal. Most
More informationInsect Repellents. Bringing information and education into the communities of the Granite State
Bringing information and education into the communities of the Granite State Insect Repellents Dr. Alan T. Eaton, Extension Specialist, Entomology The term insect repellent doesn t accurately reflect how
More informationANIMAL INSECT CONTROL. Insecticide Formulation Method and Rate Restrictions/Remarks
PREMISES (premises) Often, animal treatment alone does not completely control severe flea infestations. Sanitation (removal of pet bedding, etc.) and insecticide application of the infested areas with
More informationONE collar. flea larvae. REPELS and kills fleas. REPELS and kills ticks. cat convenient, easy-to-apply collar. 8month protection
top view lid ONE collar REPELS and kills fleas REPELS and kills ticks flea larvae convenient, easy-to-apply collar 8month protection against fleas & ticks Odorless 3 visibility reflectors included For
More informationUnderstanding Ticks, Prevalence and Prevention. Tim McGonegal, M.S. Branch Chief Mosquito & Forest Pest Management Public Works
Understanding Ticks, Prevalence and Prevention Tim McGonegal, M.S. Branch Chief Mosquito & Forest Pest Management Public Works Outline Brief overview of MFPM program Tick Biology Types of ticks and disease
More informationLivestock. Beef Cattle Pests. Sergio Arispe
Livestock Beef Cattle Pests Sergio Arispe Latest revision March 2018 In all cases, follow the instructions on the pesticide label. The PNW Insect Management Handbook has no legal status, whereas the pesticide
More informationMALARIA A disease of the developing world
MALARIA A disease of the developing world Introduction Malaria is an infectious disease and is found mainly in the world s poorest tropical areas, such as Africa, South America and South East Asia. The
More informationAll you want to know about fleas! Adults Fleas are only about 1/16-1/8 long and are difficult, though not impossible, to be seen by the naked eye.
All you want to know about fleas! The flea species most commonly found in homes, the cat flea or Ctenocephalides felis, occurs on both cats and dogs and also bites people. This section will explain how
More informationLivestock Pests Study Guide MISC0052E
Livestock Pests Study Guide MISC0052E This material has been compiled from a variety of Extension publications from several states. The source publications are listed at the end of each pest or animal
More informationTOC. INDEX Cattle Grub (warble) Control for Feedlot Cattle. Douglas D. Colwell. Take Home Message. Introduction
TOC INDEX Cattle Grub (warble) Control for Feedlot Cattle Douglas D. Colwell Take Home Message Cattle grubs, though not the scourge to cattlemen that they were in the past, remain a persistent danger to
More informationTopical prevention and treatment of ticks, fleas, mosquitoes, biting flies and lice for monthly use on dogs and puppies 7 weeks of age and older
BAYER HEALTHCARE LLC Animal Health Division P.O. BOX 390, SHAWNEE MISSION, KS, 66201-0390 Customer Service Tel.: 800-633-3796 Customer Service Fax: 800-344-4219 Website: www.bayer-ah.com Every effort has
More informationCAUTION KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
N.O.P. COMPLIANT 0-HOUR REENTRY INTERVAL 0-DAY PREHARVEST INTERVAL NON-TOXIC TO BENEFICIAL INSECTS EXEMPT FROM RESIDUE TOLERANCES ACTIVE INGREDIENTS:...% BY WT. Rosemary Oil... 5.00% Peppermint Oil...
More informationWhat's behind the mysterious itchy bites in the Midwest?
September 24, 2004 No. 28 What's behind the mysterious itchy bites in the Midwest? The first media report on an outbreak of mysterious bites on people occurred about three weeks ago when football players
More informationextra large dog 5-way protection 3 pack extra large dog WARNING extra large dog flea & tick protection over 55 lbs KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN pack
Seite 1: Layout aussen Seite 2: Layout innen Seite 3: Lack und Prägung against: fleas/ticks/biting flies/mosquitoes/lice flea & tick protection DO NOT USE ON CATS pack 3 81946760 108 x 34 x 120 11556-134_DefenseCare
More information