EC730 A Colony Brooder House for the Farm Flock

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1 University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Historical Materials from University of Nebraska- Lincoln Extension Extension EC730 A Colony Brooder House for the Farm Flock J. R. Redditt Paul R. Hoff Follow this and additional works at: Redditt, J. R. and Hoff, Paul R., "EC730 A Colony Brooder House for the Farm Flock" (1931). Historical Materials from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Extension at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historical Materials from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.

2 UBRARY NEBRASKA WESLEY AN U V~ITY...---l:fte n ion Circular 730 (::: I - *':n A Colony Brooder House for the Fa :iftt\l)) M/\Y July, 1931 The University of Nebraska Agricultural College Extension Service and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating W. H. Brokaw, Director, Lincoln

3 A Movable Brooder House is an Aid to Sanitation Equipment which lends itself to sanitary practices promotes sturdy and constant growth of the chicks without any setbacks is of material aid in making the poultry venture a financial success. Sanitation insures health which is necessary for quality and profit. A type of brooder house which can be readily moved to clean ground makes disease and parasite control much easier. Most of the death loss, worm infestation and low vitality in so many farm flocks is due to the use of old ground on which chickens have run year after year. The germs of coccidiosis, fowl typhoid, fowl cholera, bacilliary white diarrhea, blackhead and other diseases as well as the eggs of round worm and tapeworm::; live over in the constantly used soil.

4 A Colony Brooder House for the Farm Flock J. R. REDDITI A ND PAUL R. HOFF Success with poultry depends largely upon the care which the chicks receive at the very beginning of the brooding period. The colony brooder house is essential because it affords a suitable environment for carrying out the duties of brooding. It must shelter and protect the chicks, retain the necessary amount of heat, and provide ventilation and light. In addition it must be durable, not difficult to move, reasonable in first cost, and convenient. Size of Brooder House to Use Heretofore it has been assumed that the size of the brooder house is determined by the number of chicks to be brooded. A new thought which is being advanced, and one worthy of consideration, is t hat the size an<.l purpose of the flock should determine the size of the brooding units. For the average sized farm flock of about 150 chickens, the 10' x 12' movable colony brooder house has become almost nation-wide in its popularity. It is a standard unit well adapted to our rather standard sized farm flocks. The small house has been found to be less efficient t han the permanent type of brooder house for large or commercial flocks, and poultrymen who plan to brood over 500 chicks should investigate the large br ooding units before investing in a number of small 10' x 12' houses. (Commercial brooding and equipment are discussed in a separate circular.) In allowing the size of flock to influence the size of brooder house, the number of pullets necessarily added each year is taken into consideration. Average farm flocks of 150 hens and pullets contain approximately t wo pullets to each hen, or 100 pullets. Allowing 2% chicks per square foot, the 120 square feet of floor space will accommodate 300 chicks, the number necessary to maintain the addition of 100 pullets each year. Flocli owners on r ented farms find the 10' x 12' brooder house an excellent place to keep 30 to 40 hens. It may be moved to another farm if desired.

5 4 EXTENSION CIRCULAR 730 Steps in the Construction of the 10 x 12 Brooder House- See Pages 8 and 9 Skids: The brooder house is built on 4" x 4" skids, 14' long, beveled sled runner fashion on both ends. The skids are set at the edge of the house, just under the walls, and run the long way of the house. They are bolted, not nailed to the floor frame, as they may need to be replaced every few years. It is a simple matter to jack up the house, remove the old skids and bolt on new ones. Pressure creosote treatment will greatly lengthen the life of the skids. The ends of the skids are drilled to take 1f2 inch bolts holding clevises to hitch to when the house is moved. Floor: The frame for the floor is laid on 2" x 8" sills, which are bolted to the skids. The floor joists are 12 feet long and are placed 2 feet on centers with spacers running through the center to hold the joists rigid. When it is desired to raise early broilers and later use the brooder house for a second brood of chicks, the double floor proves its value. The sub-floor is usually shiplap, with a layer of building paper over it, and matched flooring above. The double floor results in more easily controlled temperature, lower fuel costs and sturdier, faster growing chicks. In this way a substantial saving is effected. Brooder houses used for only one brood of chicks during the months of April and May give very satisfactory results with a single floor. When the single floor is used alone, it should be of matched lumber. Wire Floor: Wire floors or floors covered with hail screen (hardware cloth) have created rather wide spread interest. Questions are constantly arising regarding the use of wire on the brooder house floor. After using it in varion~ ways at the Nebraska Experiment Station poultry plant, the tollowing general conclusions regarding its use have been reached: General. Hardware cloth is recommended for battery brooders and also for floors of outdoor platforms and sun parlors having wind shelter. An equally satisfactory plan for brooder house floors is to use wire or screen covered feed and water platforms along almost the full length of the west wall of the brooder house. Advantages. Hardware cloth floors permit rather strict sanitation practices being maintained in the brooder house,

6 COLONY BROODER HOUSE FOR THE FARM FLoCKS 5 provided frequent cleaning is practiced. They do not eliminate cleaning. Disad!vantages. Chicks do not seem to like hardware clota floors as well as ordinary floors covered with litter. Floor drafts are more pronounced and difficult to control in brooder houses equipped with wire floors. The cleaning of wire floors is often quite a chore. The use 2nd construction of them for best results requires that the wire screen be attached to the edges of frames made of 1" x 4" strips. These frames should be made to cover the floor completely, fit snugly and handle easily to permit frequent and thorough cleaning. Wire floors are more likely to encourage toe-picking and cannibalism because of the danger of the chicks toes being caught or caused to hleed on the wire. Walls: As the brooder house is subjected to strains and jerks when moving, the walls must be made stronger than Figure 1. Note strong frame construction. Studs and headers set to conform to window measurements. A wide chick door is provided.

7 6 EXTENSION CIRCULAR 730 Figure 2. Brooder house in use showing sun parlor and window arrangement. is usually done in small building construction. Weather boarding is drop siding and the studs are 2" x 4" placed 2 feet on centers. Corners, window and door openings should be cased or otherwise treated to prevent wind and rain from entering. Roof : Roof sheathing should be shiplap laid on 2H x 4"' rafters placed 2 feet on centers. There is a 12 inch overhang on all four sides. The roof covering may be any of the usual roofing preparations. Shingles will last several years but the roof is too flat to use them with entire satisfaction. Windows : The brooder house has four 9" x 12"-4-lt. barn sash. Three sash are grouped on the front or south side of the house and the foutth is placed on the west wall. The two end windows in the front wall are hinged at the outside edges and swing in, being hung from the wall studs, and the center sash is merely set in and held in place by catches or buttons. The window on the west wall is hinged to the stud towards the rear of ihe building and also swings in. As is seen from the floor plan, Fig. 5, all of the windows that are hinged, are hinged at the side, and swing in, and the center front window, the only one not hinged is held in place by catches, and can be taken out entirely. This window arrangement was found to give maximum pos ible variation in the amount cf ventilation and direct sunshine in the house.

8 COLONY BROODER HOUSE FOR THE FARM FLOCKS 7 Phantom illustration showing rear ventilation and insula Figure 3. tion. Insulation: Insulation may be compared to the double floor. It prevents heat loss through the walls and ceiling and in this way :;aves fuel, insures a more uniform temperature and, as in the case of double floor, makes brooding more efficient. When all four walls and the ceiling are lined with insulating material, maximum benefits in fuel saving and efficient brooding are experienced; however, many brooder houses are giving satisfactory results with only the ceiling and rear (north) wall lined with insulating material. Uninsulated brooder houses are hard to heat, especially on windy nights when the outside temperature may drop rapidly, making it hard to maintain the proper temperature inside the house.

9 I IZ'-0'! I L I I I I Z'~I"I'LAT~ Z"a4" ON EDGE~ Z'' 4" ON EDGE-:/ p2" 4 " ON EDGE J.l / I A /. I I I I I z. 'Mlllll:FFLdoA / ; l!llj1lbt~ ;RYQI OETWf:Eii /'" _/ I _;;- I I I i R : li i i... ~ FLOOR PLAN J h ~ 0 l "J 1\..1 j 0 ;! J: ~c.. " DET AJ L Of EAVES il* DROP SlDI~ REAR VI~

10 -4"' SKlO CROSS SECTION ~ ~ ze: ~STEP~ ~ I" 2 W' SIU. "'=== O[TAIL or DOOR ~.~- ~,.. ~ 4"CLEAT 51U.. f"ldor DOOR SEcroN TI-RJ DOOR ~ Vlf!N St-ONING SIDE f RAMING

11 10 EXTENSION CIRCULAR 730 Figure 4. Rear ventilated brooder houses add to the comfort of chicks in hot weather. In three year's use, the extra cost of an insulated brooder bouse may be accounted for in fuel saving alone. This is particularly true where early broilers are raised. The improved quality of chicks raised is the most important factor. Material used for insulation lining includes wood and the many wood substitutes. It is necessary to coat most of these materials with paint, creosote, or some other material distastful to chicks. The writers have seen a large number of tlooq?la~ Nt~12A~~A. iy?t: 10'x12' t>qooot:q HOU~t:. Figure 5. Floor pla n with window arrangement and brooder location indicated.

12 COLONY BROODER HOUSE FOR THE FARM FLOCKS 11 Figure 6. The top of the sun parlor is screened with 1 inch poultry netting to allow direct sunshine to enter. instances where the whole lower edges of the wall linings were entirely destroyed by the chicks. In most cases there is very little difference in the insulating value of the several products, (per inch of thickness); most of the insulating materials being 1f2 inch thick. V e ntilation: In addition to the ventilation secured through the windows at the front and side of the house, three ventilating doors in the rear wall just under the eaves furnish auxiliary ventilator openings. These doors are 1 foot wide, each one 2 feet long, and may be opened independently or together. They are hinged at the top and swing out. Unless the house is crowded, the rear ventilator doors are not used until the outside temperature rises. Usually in the early weeks of the brooding season, ample ventilation is secured through the opening of one or more windows, but later in the season the cross ventilation resulting from opening the rear ventilators usually' keeps the house very comfortable.

13 12 EXTENSION CIRCULAR 730 Heating: Any well made brooder using kerosene, gas. coal, or electricity will produce satisfactory results. If a hover type brooder is used, it should be 52 inches in diameter or larger. For the purpose of carrying off fumes, all types but an electric brooder should be provided with a flue leading through the roof, as combustion in any brooder stove will produce fumes. The brooder is located towards the rear of the house. Figure 5. The sloping roof tends to carry th~ warmed air from the brooder towards the front of the houj }, providing more uniform heat distribution. With the brooder located to the rear of the house, a large unobstructed spaca is available in the front where the chicks can take advantage of the direct sunshine entering through the windows and where the caretaker can work with the feeders and waterers with sufficient bead room. The Brooder Ho\Ue Sun Parlor A sun parlor, Figure 6, is a small lean-to structure in front of the brooder bouse. The many good features of the sun parlor have won for it wide popularity and use. Some of these features are as follows: 1. It economically enlarges the brooder house, adding room for approximately 75 to 100 chicks to the capacity of the house. 2. Chicks are permitted to get away from the heat and have a chance to exercise in cool fresh air. 3. Chicks are permitted to get into the direct sunlight for which there is no substitute. 4. Sun parlors keep chicks off the ground and thus lessen the danger of coccidiosis and other diseases. 5. The wall of the sun parlor provides a windbreak which prevents the chicks being chilled too quickly. The sun parlor shown is 10 feet long and 4 feet wide, being attached directly to the front of the brooder house. The floor may be either solid flooring, in which case it may later be used inside the house for a dropping board, or it may be made of hardware cloth. In either case it is made separate from the walls of the sun parlor for ease in cleaning. The three hinged frames making the top are covered with 1 inch mesh poultry screen.

14 COLONY BROODER HOUSE FOR THE FARM FLOCKS 13 Brooder Houae Equipment Chick raising is simplified and u sually more successfully done where brooder houses are properly equipped with efficient labor saving and sanitary equipment. Essential equipment consists of feeders and waterers with low hardware cloth covered platforms upon which to place them. Enough feeders should be provided to allow half the chick8 to eat at once and waterers for one-third of the chicks to drink at once. Details regarding the building and use of poultry equipment are given in Nebraska Extension Circular No If more detailed blueprints are desired before building either the brooder house or sun parlor, they may be secured from the agricultural extension service, college of agriculture, Lincoln, Nebraska. Please order by the following numbers: Brooder House Plan 10: c. Sun Parlor Plan: c. Distributed in furtherance o{ cooperative agricultur al exte nsion wor k. A cts of May 8, 1914, a nd J u n e 30, Extension Service of The U niversity of Nebraska Ag-ricultural College and U. S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. W. H. Brokaw, Director or Agricultural Extension Service. ( M)

15 Features of the Nebraska Brooder House The Nebraska plan brooder house is 10 feet wide, 12 feet deep, has 4 foot rear studs, 7 foot front studs and makes a modern home for 300 baby chicks. Four standard four pane barn sash are used. Windows are hinged at the sides to swing in. All openings are screened against sparrows. The rear ventilator is 1 foot by 6 feet. A double floor prevents floor drafts. Insulating material is nailed to under-side of rafters to prevent heat loss. Sloping side guards prevent piling and make cleaning easier. Sun-parlor attachment supplies a cooling room and makes short rays of the sun available. Without adequate equipment chick rearing becomes a gamble. For further information write the Extension Service, College of Agriculture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln.