Activity 1 American to the Top Intermediate 2 UNIT 2 H2O 1. What s the message/ purpose of the poster? 2. How important do you think graphic/ media campaigns are? 3. Do you know of any local/ international organization that helps protect the environment? What do they do? Have you ever participated in a campaign? 4. What problems is your country facing as regards environmental issues? 5. What topics/ problems do you think will be analyzed in this unit? 1
Activity 2 Build your Own Trivia As you build your trivia pay special attention the occurrence or absence of The before the names of the places The River Plate Mount Aconcagua Ushuaia Buenos Aires The Andes The Iguazù Falls The Colòn Theater Atlantic Ocean Lake Nahuel Huapi, etc. is/ are (not) the highest widest most... deepest, etc in... Activity 3 What will the speaker say? Can you guess? The No article The Northern Coast The Orinocco River The Caribbean Sea The Atlantic Ocean The Maracaibo Lake The Angel Falls The Eiffel Tower Northern Coast Orinocco River Caribbean Sea Atlantic Ocean Maracaibo Lake Angel Falls Eiffel Tower 2
Activity 4 Part 2: Listen again and complete. 1)..., which is South America s third longest river, divides the country into two and finally flows into the crystal waters of... 2) There are two lakes:...and... 3) The main reason why tourists visit us is to see the highest water fall,... 4) You will see a variety of colorful flowers on the hills of... Circle the or - ( no article) The / - + monuments, buildings. The / - + rivers. The / - + falls. The / - + lakes. The / - + oceans/ seas. The / - + mountain chains/ ranges. The / - + mount. (Mount Everest) The / - + cities. The / - + countires. ( Exception: we use the in names with Republic/ Kingdom States (The United States ) 3
Activity 5 Some of these sentences are correct, but some need the. Correct the sentences when necessary. 1. Canada and United States are the biggest countries in America. 2. Chicago is on Lake Michigan. 3. Thames flows through London. 4. Nile is the longest river in the world. 5. Stockholm is the capital of Sweden. 6. The highest mountian in Alps is the Mount Blanc, on the Italian-French border. 7. Eiffel Tower is a symbol of Paris. 8. Empire State was the first building to have more than 100 floors. 9. The lake Superior is the smallest lake in America. 10. Mississippi River means Big River and is the largest river system in North America ( 3, 730 km long) All the statements above are true but one. Can you identifity it? Activity 6 D C L M N J K E E L I E S A K S L E Q S I O C C N B A M I O E U Z K N O T I X M N A I O R O P E L N G O S K U L T I E Q O H L I O U O O I R A O O L C P L L I F E - J A C K E T 4
Complete the questions with the name of the water sport, and find out about your mates. 1. Have you ever gone...? 2. If you haven t, would you like to go? 3. In Buenos Aires many people go......, but the River Plate poses a problem. What do you think that problem is? 4. Have you ever heard of Carlos Espinola and Santiago Lange? Find out info about these people, and share it with your group the following class. Activity 7 Which of these words will probably be mentioned in the dialog on page 74? Base your predictions on the picture on that same page. Seasick Beach Deck Snorkeling Sails Steer Rough Yatch On board Now listen to check if your predictions were right Activity 8 Complete the following statements with info about the children in the dialog. Then, discuss some ideas about you. 1) Kelly moans because.. When do you moan? Provide examples. Act out a short situation where you could use: Stop moaning! 2)..can t tie a knot. What others things can you tie? 3) May was.about sailing because he had sailed around the Mediterranean with his uncle. What are you enthusiastic about? (about something/ about doing something) 5
Activity 9 What did Adam answer? Circle the correct answer Kelly: I get seasick easily. Adam: I don t either / Neither do I / So do I Kelly: I didn t bring sandwiches. Adam: So do I / I didn t either / I do too 1) What do so, too, neither, and either show? Circle the correct one a. Contradiction b. Agreement c. Result 2) How are so and too different from neither and either? Circle the correct one a. We use so and too when we agree with an affirmative/ negative statement b. We use neither and either when we agree with an affirmative/ negative statement SO + auxiliary + pronoun Pronoun + auxiliary +TOO NEITHER +auxiliary + pronoun Pronoun + negative + auxiliary + EITHER 6
Activity 10 + = yes - = no SANTIAGO LANGE CARLOS MAURICIO ESPINOLA... was born in Argentina + +... is an Olympic sportsman + +... has many Olympic medals + +... was born in the 60 s + -... lives in Corrientes - +... loves nature + +... sails in the class Tornado + +...has never gotten seasick + +... has never spent more than one month without + + going sailing... is not a good soccer player + +... is a windsurfer and a sailor - + Activity 11 Try! Dive Read this excerpt taken from a brochure of a scuba dive club: From the very first time you breathe underwater, scuba diving will continue to inspire, challenge and surprise you. Many divers say that it is life-changing and, with the sense of achievement that comes with learning to dive, it is easy to see why. How can diving be a life-changing experience? What do you think you can see under the sea apart from natural life? 7
Activity 12 An underwater K-W-L-H chart Know Want to know Learned How I learned it Activity 13 How much do you remember? Make sentences to reconstruct the information in the text. Be careful! There s one more element on the third column A natural reef is formed of bamboo Reefs were made by rocks and sand near the coast The first artificial reefs can be used under water to make artificial reefs Old ships and planes was created as a protection from predators The largest artificial reef are sunk with a ship that carried planes. with the help of sea creatures 8
Activity 14 Complete the SCUBA diving brochure: USS Oriskany - Pensacola SCUBA diving If you are a SCUBA diver! Then you want to go diving this one-in-a-life-time dive site. This is the only aircraft carrier accessible for the majority of SCUBA divers and the largest artificial reef on Earth. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
Activity 15 1) Take a look at the second column ( Activity 13). How is the verb structure formed? Complete Verb to be (was/ were/are/can be, etc) +. 2) The sentences in the activity are in the Passive Voice. When is the Passive Voice used? Take a look at the examples above ( Activity 13) and circle the correct one: a) The Passive Voice is used when the doer of the action is not known, is not relevant, is obvious, or when you want to emphasize the action instead of the doer. b) The Passive Voice is used when the doer of the action is known, is relevant, is not obvious, or when you want to emphasize the doer of the action instead of the action 3) Analyze the following example taken from the speech of a famous president, making reference to his own administration: Mistakes were committed. Why did the president choose to use the Passive instead of the Active? Your answer:. 4) When is a by phrase used? When we want to include 5)The Passive Voice can be used with all tenses. Take a look at the following info on sea turtles, and focus on the use of the Passive Voice with different tenses: You can t imagine the number of sea creatures that a coral reef attracts: colorful fish, beautiful coral, and sea turtles! Sea turtles have existed for millions of years but their survival is now being threatened. 10
Match the sentences with the corresponding verb tense: Sea turtles are seen in coral reefs Their survival is being threatened Modals + Passive Voice The leatherback sea turtle, the largest of all species of sea turtles, was listed as endangered in the US in 1970. The turtle eggs were being stepped on by tourists. Oceans and beaches have been polluted, damaging the habitat of the sea turtle. Simple Past Past Continuous Present Continuous Present Perfect Dead turtles can be seen on the shores after an oil spill. This destruction/ will be/ should be/ could be/ must be stopped. Simple Present Activity 16 Source: Adapted from : http://www.conserveturtles.org/seaturtleinformation.php?page=threats Countries where they are found Natural predators- effect Kinds of pollutants- effect Oil spills- effects Tourism effects Other threats Fact File 11
Activity 16a Sea turtles: Sea turtles are found in many parts of the world, from Mexico and Costa Rica in Central America to Turkey, Greece, Israel, and Japan. Scientists recognize seven living species of sea turtles. Different species of sea turtles like to eat different kinds of food. Sea turtles have mouths and jaws that are specially formed to help them eat the foods they like. Turtles are an endangered species around the world; their survival is constantly being threatened. In the following paragraphs some of the most common threats will be explored... Activity 16b Natural Threats: In the breeding season the female turtle crawls from the sea to lay her eggs on the beach. She lays hundreds of tiny eggs which she covers with sand. In about two months the baby turtles are born, but they are so tiny that they find it hard to reach the sea. The eggs and the new-born turtles are in danger of being eaten by different predators: birds, crabs, rats, raccoons, and other animals. These natural threats, however, are not the reasons sea turtle populations are in danger of extinction. To understand what really threatens sea turtle survival, we must look at the actions of humans. Activity 16c Pollutants The population of sea turtles has declined dramatically. This drop is due to several reasons. One is pollution; the world`s oceans and beaches have been seriosly polluted by the use of chemical and fertilizers. Plastic rubbish which has been dumped in the sea is also a danger when it is mistaken for food. It is estimated that more than 100 million marine animals are killed each year due to plastic debris in the ocean. More than 80% of this plastic comes from land. Thousands of sea turtles accidentally swallow these plastics, mistaking them for food. Leatherbacks ( a type of turtle) especially, cannot distinguish between floating jellyfish a main component of their diet and floating plastic bags. Some plastics aren't so easy to see, so small, in fact, that it is invisible to the eye. If sea turtles ingest these particles, they can become sick or even die. Activity 16 d Oil spills Oil spills also pollute the habitat of the sea turtle. They are caused by leaks in ships or accidents involving oil tankers. Thousands of tons are spread over the surface of the ocean destroying marine life and contaminating beaches. Oil spills, urban runoff from chemicals, fertilizers and petroleum all contribute to water pollution. Because the ocean is so large, many incorrectly think that pollutants will be diluted and dispersed to safe levels, but in reality, the toxins released from these pollutants become more concentrated as they break down in size. As a result, these smaller, more toxic particles become food for many links in the food chain, including sea turtles.... 12
Activity 16 e Tourism Many of the turtles nesting sites have been destroyed by the development of hotels. Nesting turtles depend on dark, quite beaches to reproduce successfully. Today, these turtles are endangered, in part, because they must compete with tourists, businesses and coastal residents to use the beach. This man-made, coastal development results in artificial lighting on the beach that discourages female sea turtles from nesting. Also, tourists can accidentally step on the turtle s nests, destroying the eggs. Activity 16 f Consumption In many coastal communities, especially in Central America and Asia, sea turtles have provided a source of food. During the nesting season, turtle hunters comb the beaches at night looking for nesting females. Often, they will wait until the female has deposited her eggs to kill her. Then, they take both the eggs and the meat. Additionally, people may use other parts of the turtle for products, including the oil, cartilage, skin and shell. Activity 17 Combine the words form the box with the prompters below and come up with ideas that could help protect the environment of the sea turtles and many other species. Example: Laws that protect natural sanctuaries should be passed. To take, to pass, to clean, to punish, to ask to, to impose, to create, to control, to collect, to place, to teach, to call, to prohibit, to remove, to fine, to protect Measures Campaigns Ads. Laws Regulations Beaches Oil companies Hotels Sanctuaries Money Students Volunteers Chemicals Rubbish 13
Activity 18 A You are the director of the Eco-volunteer projet of The Sea Turtle Conservancy. B is a journalist who is gathering information about endangers species and the community. This week you started the Ecovolunteer project after more than a hundred turtles covered in oil were found along the beach. Answer his/ her questions about the conditions of the sea trurtles. Useful language It was created in...by...after...... ( be/ take ) to...where......turtles (be / wash)... oil (be/ remove)... the beaches... (clean) Then, they will be... (check-up/feed) Finally, turtles... ( re-locate/ send) Volunteers (be/recruit/need) to... B You are a journalist. You are going to interview A, the the director of the Ecovolunteer projet for The Sea Turtle Conservancy, a project which has recently satrted after more than a hundred turtles, covered in oil, were found along the beach. Useful language When/why (be) the project created? Where... (be/ see)? How many... (be/find)? What ( be/ do) at the moment? What ( be/do) afterwards? What can...to help...? 14
Activity 19 Before you read the article on Water pollution complete these statements in groups. Use your previous knowledge: a- Without water on Earth b- One of the main causes of water pollution is c- Another main cause of pollution is Now listen and compare the information. Activity 20 Water Pollution Cause of water pollution Origin Effect 1-2- Activity 21 Find 7 disasters in the box. Match them with the pictures on page 80. Which ones are natural disasters and which ones are provoked by men? EARTHQUAKEFIREFLOODHURRICANELIGHTINGWARTSUNAMI 15 Is it simple to decide if these disasters are natural or caused by men? Why?
Useful language If dams are built to If careless people If the weather is changing because of If global warming If the air is polluted If trees are being Activity 22 Wednesday June 18 th, 2005 Yesterday our neighboring town, Tydesville, 1)..(hit) by one of the strongest hurricanes of the last 20 years. Cindy 2)..(cause) major damage already, leaving people homeless and injured and it s only the start of the hurricane season. People 3) (ask) to evacuate the town a couple of days ago but most of them 4)..(decide) to stay and protect their homes. The towns south of Tydesville were struck first. Cindy, a category three hurricane, 5)..( bring) strong winds, heavy storms and rain which quickly 6)..(move) on to Tydesville. The local authorities were not able to unblock the drainage system in time and as a result the town 7) (flood). Lots of families are still trapped in their homes and the rescue teams 8) (try) to save them. Luckily, no one 9).(drown).Unfortunately, two people 10) (kill) when the roof of their house 11) (collapse), and hundreds 12) (injure) by falling trees. Our town 12)..( provide) shelters for the victims of the hurricane. 16