THE LAYER CHICKEN INDUSTRY IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA STATUS OF THE INDUSTRY IN 2012 AND PROSPECTS FOR 2013 SUMMARY In 2012, there were 5 layer breeding companies operating in Peninsular Malaysia with a total female parent stock population of 558,772 birds. There is no Grand Parent Stock layer farm. The breeds used were Hisex, Lohmann Brown, H & N Brown Nick, ISA Brown and Novogen. The principal breeds were Hisex, Lohmann Brown and H & N Brown Nick which accounts for about 92.62 percent of the total parent stock. The layer parent stock was imported from the European Union countries. The day-old layer pullet production in 2012 was 37.95 million birds. The projected production for 2013 is 44.87 million birds. The traded ex-farm price of day-old pullet ranged from RM2.00 RM2.50. Egg production was 9,103 million in 2012 compared to 8,921 million in 2011. The projected production for 2013 is 12,600 million eggs. In 2012, a total of 1,490 million eggs were exported. The annual average ex-farm price of egg was 29.50 cents. The annual average cost of production was 30 cents. SURVEY METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION The survey of layer breeding farms and hatcheries were conducted during the month of June, July and August 2012. During the survey, data and information were collected to prepare this report. Data were analysed on a regional basis i.e. Northern (Perlis, Kedah Penang and Perak,) Central (Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca), Southern (Johore) and East Coast (Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan). BREEDER FARMS AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY Number of Breeder Companies In 2012, there were 5 layer breeding companies with a total of 28 farms in operation. There is one company each in the Northern and Southern region while three are in the Central region (Table 1). Holding Stock Capacity Holding stock of breeders by the breeding companies ranged from the smallest with about 26 thousand birds to the largest with more than 242 thousand birds (Table 2). Production Capacity The annual production capacity of day-old pullets by the smallest parent stock company was about 2.12 million chicks while the largest company produced about 16.71 million chicks (Table 3). 1
Table 1: Region Number of Layer Breeding Companies in 2012 Number of Number of Companies Farms Southern (Johore) 1 12 Central (Malacca, N. Sembilan, 3 12 Selangor) Northern (Perak, Penang, Kedah, 1 4 Perlis) Eastern (Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan) 0 0 Total 5 28 Table 2: Number of Companies according to Holding Stock in 2012 Number of Breeders ('000 birds) Table 3: Number of Companies 15 - < 20 0 20 - < 25 0 25 - < 40 2 40 - < 80 1 80 - < 100 0 100 2 Production Capacity of Layer Breeding Companies In 2012 LAYER PARENT STOCK Annual Production Capacity (Million Day-old Pullets) Number of Companies Stock The total standing population and annual replacement stock of the layer parent stock in 2012 was 558,772 birds and 533,148 birds respectively as in Table 4. Table 4: Region Below 1 0 1 to < 2 0 2 to < 4 2 4 to < 8 1 8 2 Total 5 Standing Population and the Annual Replacement of Layer Parent Stock According to Region Number of Female Parent Stocks 2011 2012 2013(forecast) Standing Replacement Standing Replacement Standing Replacement population stock population stock population stock Southern 141,091 132,300 242,111 265,260 170,986 128,040 Central 167,825 128,236 216,611 182,612 221,244 156,144 Northern 95,260 66,000 100,000 72,956 106,503 73,124 Total 404,176 326,536 558,772 533,148 498,733 357,308 Breeds Five breeds were in the market (Table 5). Hisex remained the principal breed and accounted for 49.75 percent of the population. The H & N Brown and Novogen had declined in demand in 2012. Preference of Lohmann Brown and ISA Brown showed an increased trend in year 2012. The Novogen remained to be used by only one company. The day-old parent stock was imported from the European Union namely France, Germany and Holland (Table 6). Table 5: Breeds and Market Share of Layer Parent Stock Table 6: Sources of Supply of Day-old Female Parent Stock (%) Breed 2011 2012 Hisex 40.52 49.75 Lohmann Brown 26.87 29.19 H & N Brown Nick 20.21 13.68 ISA Brown 0 2.31 Novogen 12.40 5.06 Year Country of Origin 2011 2012 European Union: 100 % 100% a. France (12.40) 7.38 b. Germany (47.08) 42.87 c. Holland (40.52) 49.75 d. United Kingdom (0) 0 2
THE PRODUCTION SCENARI0 IN YEAR 2011 AND 2012 Day-old Layer Pullets Production The number of day-old pullets produced as forecasted in the previous year were revised. The revised production figure for 2012 was about 37.95 million birds (Table 7). The projection for 2013 is 44.87 million birds (Table 8). The weekly production ranged between 0.55 million to 0.96 million birds in 2012 and 0.74 to 0.99 million birds in 2013. Day-old Layer Pullets Price The ex-farm prices varied between producers. In 2012, the chick prices were at Table Egg Production The egg production as forecasted in the previous year was revised. The revised production figure was 9,103 billion eggs (Table 9) which is 2.04 percent higher than in 2011. The projected figure for 2013 is 12,600 billion eggs (Table 10). The production ranged from 19.72 million to 30.52 million eggs daily in 2012 and 28.87 million to 39.55 million eggs daily in 2013. between RM2.00 to RM2.50. The same scenario is expected in 2013. Egg Price The ex-farm prices of eggs fluctuated weekly within the grades (Table 11). The difference in price between minimum and maximum prices was about 26.00 cents to 32.10 cents each. The annual average ex-farm price was 29.5 cents per egg (Grade C). Table 11: Annual Average Ex-farm Prices of Egg Year Prices (cents/egg) 2006 19.30 2007 22.60 2008 27.40 2009 27.50 2010 30.00 2011 30.30 2012 29.50 Import of products from egg In 2012, import of products from egg were 3,164 metric tons. Of the total products imported, 87.74% was in the form of egg product (mayonnaise and sauce) as in Table 12. Table 12: Import of various products from egg Products Quantity (metric ton) 2011 2012 Egg Yolk Powder 22.35 25.58 Egg White Powder 318.65 34.20 Egg White Solid/ 71.68 0 frozen Whole Egg Powder 35.65 57.15 Egg Product (Mayonnaise & 2,668.51 2,776 Sauce Egg Albumin/Albumin 0 270.71 powder Total 3,117 3,164 SPF Egg 159,300 pc 0 3
Table 7 : Weekly Output of Day-old Pullets in Peninsular Malaysia 2012 Date (End of week) Weekly Output 7-Jan-12 632,089 14-Jan-12 629,127 21-Jan-12 562,523 28-Jan-12 588,316 4-Feb-12 579,542 11-Feb-12 606,466 18-Feb-12 623,216 25-Feb-12 618,039 3-Mar-12 602,778 10-Mar-12 608,024 17-Mar-12 583,089 24-Mar-12 565,073 31-Mar-12 550,366 7-Apr-12 568,808 14-Apr-12 577,284 21-Apr-12 589,761 28-Apr-12 598,775 5-May-12 615,969 12-May-12 590,104 19-May-12 581,318 26-May-12 590,542 2-Jun-12 613,306 9-Jun-12 631,832 16-Jun-12 692,993 23-Jun-12 719,409 30-Jun-12 736,353 7-Jul-12 758,900 14-Jul-12 767,212 21-Jul-12 742,679 28-Jul-12 739,181 4-Aug-12 725,635 11-Aug-12 749,710 18-Aug-12 789,469 25-Aug-12 824,548 1-Sep-12 828,952 8-Sep-12 817,022 15-Sep-12 801,690 22-Sep-12 796,861 29-Sep-12 841,354 6-Oct-12 883,719 13-Oct-12 921,728 20-Oct-12 954,127 27-Oct-12 957,522 3-Nov-12 927,239 10-Nov-12 898,513 17-Nov-12 916,767 24-Nov-12 915,851 1-Dec-12 889,976 8-Dec-12 902,719 15-Dec-12 896,658 22-Dec-12 921,414 29-Dec-12 929,894 Total 37,954,442 Table 8 : Weekly Output of Day-old Pullets in Peninsular Malaysia 2013(Forecast) Date (End of week) Weekly Output 7-Jan-13 871,972 14-Jan-13 845,775 21-Jan-13 844,772 28-Jan-13 853,157 4-Feb-13 866,286 11-Feb-13 910,762 18-Feb-13 950,189 25-Feb-13 925,145 4-Mar-13 925,287 11-Mar-13 925,526 18-Mar-13 919,240 25-Mar-13 874,461 1-Apr-13 866,986 8-Apr-13 846,873 15-Apr-13 845,661 22-Apr-13 872,523 29-Apr-13 903,014 6-May-13 886,225 13-May-13 889,205 20-May-13 859,457 27-May-13 809,070 3-Jun-13 813,485 10-Jun-13 811,667 17-Jun-13 810,294 24-Jun-13 852,478 1-Jul-13 918,479 8-Jul-13 994,179 15-Jul-13 982,250 22-Jul-13 981,290 29-Jul-13 980,021 5-Aug-13 972,101 12-Aug-13 970,519 19-Aug-13 959,204 26-Aug-13 912,191 2-Sep-13 919,933 9-Sep-13 847,369 16-Sep-13 824,869 23-Sep-13 828,142 30-Sep-13 816,605 7-Oct-13 817,099 14-Oct-13 792,180 21-Oct-13 816,806 28-Oct-13 836,634 4-Nov-13 822,008 11-Nov-13 820,513 18-Nov-13 786,688 25-Nov-13 759,530 2-Dec-13 757,023 9-Dec-13 746,542 16-Dec-13 745,107 23-Dec-13 741,240 30-Dec-13 742,936 Total 44,870,968 Export of table eggs In 2012, about 1,492 million eggs were exported, an increase of 23.79 percent compared to 2011 (Table 13). Most of the eggs were exported to Singapore (1.4 billion) while the rest were exported to Hong Kong (48 million), Timor Leste (22.04 million), Angola (4.2 million), Maldives (4.2 million), Gambia (4.2 million), Brunei Darussalam (1.8 million), Indonesia (1.3 million) and Sabah and Sarawak (0.2 million). The export value was about RM440.14 million. 4
Table 9 : Daily and Weekly Output of Table Eggs in Year 2012 Date (End of week) Daily Output Weekly Output 7-Jan-12 29,418,082 205,926,575 14-Jan-12 29,013,599 203,095,194 21-Jan-12 28,494,218 199,459,529 28-Jan-12 28,448,551 199,139,857 4-Feb-12 28,107,081 196,749,569 11-Feb-12 27,419,345 191,935,415 18-Feb-12 27,773,978 194,417,843 25-Feb-12 27,978,138 195,846,965 3-Mar-12 28,069,127 196,483,892 10-Mar-12 27,118,746 189,831,220 17-Mar-12 26,420,610 184,944,267 24-Mar-12 26,369,032 184,583,226 31-Mar-12 25,236,480 176,655,358 7-Apr-12 24,046,171 168,323,199 14-Apr-12 25,339,941 177,379,590 21-Apr-12 25,001,580 175,011,062 28-Apr-12 24,750,755 173,255,283 5-May-12 23,930,353 167,512,468 12-May-12 22,088,113 154,616,789 19-May-12 21,824,853 152,773,973 26-May-12 20,679,445 144,756,114 2-Jun-12 20,853,941 145,977,584 9-Jun-12 20,923,094 146,461,659 16-Jun-12 19,719,431 138,036,016 23-Jun-12 25,144,500 176,011,503 30-Jun-12 25,026,672 175,186,704 7-Jul-12 22,377,165 156,640,155 14-Jul-12 23,403,210 163,822,473 21-Jul-12 23,054,181 161,379,265 28-Jul-12 24,125,217 168,876,522 4-Aug-12 24,791,532 173,540,727 11-Aug-12 24,585,591 172,099,140 18-Aug-12 23,978,509 167,849,562 25-Aug-12 24,187,195 169,310,363 1-Sep-12 23,195,280 162,366,963 8-Sep-12 22,478,604 157,350,228 15-Sep-12 21,893,559 153,254,916 22-Sep-12 22,627,182 158,390,276 29-Sep-12 22,964,358 160,750,503 6-Oct-12 23,460,693 164,224,848 13-Oct-12 23,819,270 166,734,887 20-Oct-12 24,503,247 171,522,728 27-Oct-12 23,474,337 164,320,360 3-Nov-12 23,124,830 161,873,810 10-Nov-12 23,491,761 164,442,325 17-Nov-12 24,397,313 170,781,189 24-Nov-12 25,134,277 175,939,939 1-Dec-12 27,567,262 192,970,831 8-Dec-12 28,618,090 200,326,630 15-Dec-12 29,292,122 205,044,856 22-Dec-12 30,189,042 211,323,294 29-Dec-12 30,519,693 213,637,854 Total 9,103,145,498 Table 10 : Daily and Weekly Output of Table Eggs in Year 2013 (forecast) Date (End of week) Daily Output Weekly Output 7-Jan-13 29,543,771 206,806,394 14-Jan-13 29,404,620 205,832,341 21-Jan-13 28,865,760 202,060,322 28-Jan-13 29,823,464 208,764,247 4-Feb-13 31,405,077 219,835,538 11-Feb-13 32,800,519 229,603,636 18-Feb-13 32,975,711 230,829,974 25-Feb-13 32,501,135 227,507,946 4-Mar-13 31,891,228 223,238,597 11-Mar-13 31,699,131 221,893,914 18-Mar-13 33,469,062 234,283,435 25-Mar-13 35,154,342 246,080,393 1-Apr-13 36,666,340 256,664,379 8-Apr-13 37,955,172 265,686,204 15-Apr-13 38,090,225 266,631,576 22-Apr-13 36,885,567 258,198,972 29-Apr-13 35,742,847 250,199,930 6-May-13 36,468,991 255,282,939 13-May-13 36,432,553 255,027,869 20-May-13 35,403,245 247,822,717 27-May-13 35,910,162 251,371,133 3-Jun-13 35,669,055 249,683,387 10-Jun-13 36,653,849 256,576,942 17-Jun-13 36,991,183 258,938,283 24-Jun-13 34,687,046 242,809,323 1-Jul-13 33,644,930 235,514,507 8-Jul-13 33,605,030 235,235,211 15-Jul-13 33,938,585 237,570,098 22-Jul-13 34,460,857 241,226,000 29-Jul-13 36,230,112 253,610,787 5-Aug-13 37,798,518 264,589,629 12-Aug-13 36,802,268 257,615,877 19-Aug-13 36,807,917 257,655,418 26-Aug-13 36,817,424 257,721,970 2-Sep-13 36,567,367 255,971,570 9-Sep-13 34,786,059 243,502,410 16-Sep-13 34,488,703 241,420,922 23-Sep-13 33,688,608 235,820,256 30-Sep-13 33,640,395 235,482,762 7-Oct-13 34,708,965 242,962,755 14-Oct-13 35,921,897 251,453,278 21-Oct-13 35,254,031 246,778,214 28-Oct-13 35,372,575 247,608,024 4-Nov-13 34,189,199 239,324,396 11-Nov-13 32,184,805 225,293,632 18-Nov-13 32,360,433 226,523,033 25-Nov-13 32,288,113 226,016,793 2-Dec-13 32,233,495 225,634,467 9-Dec-13 33,911,575 237,381,024 16-Dec-13 36,537,095 255,759,662 23-Dec-13 39,548,441 276,839,084 30-Dec-13 39,073,905 273,517,335 Total 12,599,659,505 Import and Export of day-old layers In 2012, 99,470 day-old layer grand parent and 299,295 parent stocks with a CIF value of RM9.95 million were imported. No export of layer birds were reported. 5
Table 13: Export of Table Eggs (mil.eggs) 2011 2012 Month Prod Exp. Prod. Exp. January 645 101.78 807.62 118.99 February 667 87.94 778.95 110.11 March 626 103.25 932.50 129.99 April 756 99.24 694.50 117.96 May 602 100.57 619.66 13.02 June 592 96.17 781.67 115.37 July 874 100.35 650.72 127.68 August 760 105.18 682.80 135.39 September 950 104.72 792.11 115.48 October 720 102.07 666.80 136.42 November 713 102.98 673.04 127.01 December 1015 101.07 1,023 127.57 Total 8920 1205.3 9103 1492 Value (Million RM) 2703 365.21 2685 440.14 *Prod. = Production, *Exp. = Export FEED PRICES In 2012, average layer feed price was RM1,656 per metric ton. An increase of RM6.00 per 50 kg in August while a decrease of RM2.00 and RM5.55 per 50kg were recorded in January and July respectively. The monthly layer feed price in 2011 and 2012 are as in Table 14. There are 52 breeder and layer farms operating using closed-house system in 2012 (Table 15) Table 15: Distribution of Breeder and Layer Farms (Closed-House) Number of Farms State (Closed-House) 2012 Johore 12 Malacca 20 N.Sembilan 1 Selangor 5 Perak 4 Penang 1 Kedah 4 Perlis 0 Kelantan 1 Terengganu 0 Pahang 4 Total 52 Table 14: Layer Feed Prices Month Price Movement ( RM / Mt ) 2011 2012 January 1649 1619 February 1649 1619 March 1679 1679 April 1679 1679 May 1679 1679 June 1679 1569 July 1679 1569 August 1659 1689 September 1659 1689 October 1659 1689 November 1659 1689 December 1659 1689 Average 1,666 1,656 6
CONCLUSION The scenario of layer industry in 2012 was not much different compared to the past years. The same issues in the broiler industry also affect the layer industry. Besides fulfilling the role to meet the protein requirement of the population, the industry has also been able to export table eggs to neighbouring countries. The export of table eggs in 2012 is 23.79 percent higher than the previous year. The per capita consumption of chicken/duck egg is reported at 328 pieces whereas self-sufficiency level is at 116 percent. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors wish to thank Datuk Dr. Abd. Aziz bin Jamaluddin, Director General of the Department of Veterinary Services, Malaysia for his permission to publish this report. Sincere gratitude and appreciation is extended to Dr. Hj. Idris bin Kadir, Director of Livestock Commodity Development Division, Dr Hjh Roslaini Binti Hj Rosli, Dr. Wan Mohd Kamil bin Dato Wan Nik and Dr Lim Yoke Sin for their invaluable advice and guidance. The kind co-operation and assistance from the officers of the Headquarters and State Department of Veterinary Services as well as the Management of all Poultry Breeding Companies involved in this survey are gratefully acknowledged. 7
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