From ethology to sexual selection: trends in animal behavior research Terry J. Ord, Emília P. Martins Department of Biology, Indiana University Sidharth Thakur Computer Science Department, Indiana University Ketan K. Mane, Katy Börner School of Library and Information Science, Indiana University Animal behavior then & now Niko Tinbergen 1907-1988 Konrad Lorenz 1903-1989 Karl von Frisch 1886-1982 1
Animal behavior then & now mechanism/ development evolutionary theory/ population biology *1975 Animal behavior then & now Peter Klopfer (2002 - ABS newsletter) 7 journals, 1 st 50 papers 1950 vs 2000 little change John Alcock (2003 ABS 50 th anniversary) animal behavior in texts < 1975 = proximate, >1975 = ultimate 2
Animal behavior then & now 1. Major trends over 30 yrs research focus: 1972-1977 vs. 1996-2001 2. Journal coverage 1996-2001 who publishes what? Obtaining the data Relevant journals Animal Behavior Abstracts (Camb. Sc. Abst.) 228 journals = animal behavior Biological Abstracts (BIOSIS) 219 journals, 414,739 papers, 1968-mid2002 3
Refining the data Animal Behavior Abstracts CORE journals = all animal behavior PRIORITY journals = <50% animal behavior SELECTIVE journals = >50% animal behavior Refining the data Animal Behavior Abstracts CORE journals = all animal behavior PRIORITY journals = <50% animal behavior SELECTIVE journals = >50% animal behavior 14 journals, 15,282 papers Anim. Behav. Anim. Learn. Behav. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. Behaviour Behav. Ecol. Behav. Ecol. Socio. Behav. Processes Bird Behav. Birds N. Am. Ethology J. Ethol. J. Exp. Psychol.: Anim. Behav. Processes J. Insect Behav. Learn. Motiv. 4
CORE journals 1400 Document count 1050 700 350 0 1968 1979 1990 2001 CORE journals 30 yrs 1400 1972-1977 1996-2001 Document count 1050 700 350 0 1968 1979 1990 2001 5
Latent semantic analysis Early handling increases lamb affinity for humans Communicative cultures in cetaceans: big questions are unanswered, functional analyses are needed Estimating ancestral states of a communicative display: A comparative study of Cyclura rock iguanas. The maternal feeding display of domestic hens is sensitive to perceived chick error Does sociality drive the evolution of communicative complexity? A comparative test with grounddwelling sciurid alarm calls Variation in chick-a-dee calls of a Carolina chickadee population, Poecile carolinensis: identity and redundancy within note types Responses of foraging hedgehogs to badger odour Latent semantic analysis Early handling increases lamb affinity for humans COMMUNICATIVE cultures in cetaceans: big questions are unanswered, functional analyses are needed Estimating ancestral states of a COMMUNICATIVE DISPLAY: A COMPARATIVE study of Cyclura rock iguanas. The maternal feeding DISPLAY of domestic hens is sensitive to perceived chick error Does sociality drive the evolution of COMMUNICATIVE complexity? A COMPARATIVE test with grounddwelling sciurid alarm CALLs Variation in chick-a-dee CALLs of a Carolina chickadee population, Poecile carolinensis: identity and redundancy within note types Responses of foraging hedgehogs to badger odour 6
1972-1977 - 1,612 records *title-words 1972-1977 - 1,612 records social behavior dominance aggression behavior *title-words 7
1972-1977 - 1,612 records social behavior dominance orientation behavior aggression imprinting/detection discrimination conditioning reinforcement *title-words 1996-2001 - 6,422 records *title-words 8
1996-2001 - 6,422 records song in birds parent/ offspring conflict communication birds territoriality parental care sexual selection egg dumping *title-words 1996-2001 - 6,422 records song in birds parent/ offspring conflict communication birds territoriality parental care sexual selection egg dumping insects *title-words sperm/fertilization 9
1996-2001 - 6,422 records song in birds conditioning applied animal behavior communication territoriality learning/ cognition welfare parent/ offspring conflict birds learning mechanism/ development domestic animals parental care sexual selection cognition egg dumping *title-words insects sperm/fertilization Summary major trends 1972-1977 ethology comparative psychology 1996-2001 broader vocabulary taxonomic split applied animal behavior mechanism/development... 10
Journal focus (1996-2001) Foraging Foraging behav. Evolution Competition Anim. Behav. Behaviour Territoriality Foraging Mating success Predation Courtship Ethology Predation Habitat Mating success Communication *keywords Behav. Ecol. Fitness Foraging Parental care Reproduction Survival 0 1.2 2.4 % frequency Behav. Ecol. Socio. Evolution Survival Sperm competition Predation Journal focus sexual selection Foraging Foraging behav. Evolution Competition Anim. Behav. Behaviour Territoriality Foraging Mating success Predation Courtship Ethology Predation Habitat Mating success Communication *keywords Behav. Ecol. Fitness Foraging Parental care Reproduction Survival 0 1.2 2.4 % frequency Behav. Ecol. Socio. Evolution Survival Sperm competition Predation 11
Journal focus = big 4 sexual selection predation aggression foraging body size evolution communication fitness/reproduction habitat parental care survival Anim. Behav. Behaviour Ethology Behav. Ecol. Behav. Ecol. Socio. *keywords Summary journal focus (1996-2001) 4 dominant areas of study 1. sexual selection 2. predation 3. aggression 4. foraging Mechanism/development not in top10 Journal coverage Anim. Behav., Behaviour, Ethology = ~diverse Behav. Ecol., Behav. Ecol. Socio. = sexual selection 12
Conclusion General research shift today, ethology= sexual selection, social behavior, birds applied animal behavior 1972-1977 ethology comparative psychology 1996-2001 sexual selection/ communication applied animal behavior Conclusion General research shift today, ethology= sexual selection, social behavior, birds applied animal behavior Journal focus = Big 4 1. sexual selection 2. predation 3. aggression 4. foraging 13
Conclusion General research shift today, ethology= sexual selection, social behavior, birds applied animal behavior Journal focus = Big 4 ethology - Behaviour -Ethology mixed - Anim. Behav. sexual selection - Behav. Ecol. - Behav. Ecol. Socio. Conclusion General research shift today, ethology= sexual selection, social behavior, birds applied animal behavior Journal focus = Big 4 Mechanism/development? specialized journals, e.g., Horm. Behav. change in vocabulary 14
Future work PRIORITY & SELECTIVE journals isolate animal behavior papers by keywords Author affiliation data geographic trends Funding trends (NIH, NSF, society awards) Automation Acknowledgements Roger Beckman IU Life Sciences Library Ann Bristow IU Main Library Peter H. Klopfer Duke University Ralph Quarles IU Library Information Technology 15
ABS conferences 1999-2003 *Regular 12 min talks only Communication Social behavior Proximate/mechanism Predator/prey Parental care /dominance Foraging Learning/cognition Mating behavior 0 5 10 15 20 25 % frequency 16
Geographic trends (5 journals, 1996-2001) sexual selection reproduct. success aggression mate choice predation risk reproduction foraging territoriality evolution predation ecology foraging behavior communication survival competition mating success parental care *keywords U.S.A courtship 0 0.6 1.2 % frequency non-u.s.a sexual selection reproduct. success aggression reproduction predation predation risk survival evolution territoriality ecology competition mating courtship mating success foraging foraging behavior communication 0 0.6 1.2 % frequency Geographic trends (CORE, 1996-2001) U.S.A Geographic distr. Habitat Breeding Food habits Taxonomic review Migration Conservation Systematics Demography Morphology Vocalization Vocalizations Ecology Diet Zoology Learning Reproduct. success Reproduction *keywords 0 1 2 % frequency non-u.s.a Predation Reproduct. success Learning Reproduction Natural selection Scent marking Behav. development Nocturnal activity Aboveground activity Captive managament Juvenile play Survival Evolution Ecology Foraging 0 1 2 % frequency 17
Author affiliations (U.S.A) - appearing in CORE animal behavior journals Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia Univ. California, Davis Cornell Univ. Univ. Wisconsin Univ. Michigan Univ. Pennsylvania Univ. Kentucky Univ. Washington Purdue Univ. Indiana Univ. 0 50 100 150 200 250 Document count 18