FRANCE The Report referred to in Article 9 of Directive 23/99/EC TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS IN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS AND FEEDINGSTUFFS including information on foodborne outbreaks, antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic agents and some pathogenic microbiological agents. IN 28
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses INFORMATION ON THE REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEM Country: France Reporting Year: France - 28
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses PREFACE This report is submitted to the European Commission in accordance with Article 9 of Council Directive 23/99/ EC*. The information has also been forwarded to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The report contains information on trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in France during the year 28. The information covers the occurrence of these diseases and agents in humans, animals, foodstuffs and in some cases also in feedingstuffs. In addition the report includes data on antimicrobial resistance in some zoonotic agents and commensal bacteria as well as information on epidemiological investigations of foodborne outbreaks. Complementary data on susceptible animal populations in the country is also given. The information given covers both zoonoses that are important for the public health in the whole European Community as well as zoonoses, which are relevant on the basis of the national epidemiological situation. The report describes the monitoring systems in place and the prevention and control strategies applied in the country. For some zoonoses this monitoring is based on legal requirements laid down by the Community Legislation, while for the other zoonoses national approaches are applied. The report presents the results of the examinations carried out in the reporting year. A national evaluation of the epidemiological situation, with special reference to trends and sources of zoonotic infections, is given. Whenever possible, the relevance of findings in foodstuffs and animals to zoonoses cases in humans is evaluated. The information covered by this report is used in the annual Community Summary Report on zoonoses that is published each year by EFSA. * Directive 23/ 99/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 2 December 23 on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Decision 9/ 424/ EEC and repealing Council Directive 92/ 7/ EEC, OJ L 325, 7..23, p. 3 France - 28
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses List of Contents ANIMAL POPULATIONS 2 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS 8 2. SALMONELLOSIS 9 2.. General evaluation of the national situation 9 2..2 Salmonellosis in humans 9 2..3 Salmonella in foodstuffs 9 2..4 Salmonella in animals 2 2..5 Salmonella in feedingstuffs 23 2..6 Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates 3 2.2 CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 64 2.2. General evaluation of the national situation 64 2.2.2 Campylobacteriosis in humans 64 2.2.3 Campylobacter in foodstuffs 64 2.2.4 Campylobacter in animals 65 2.2.5 Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates 66 2.3 LISTERIOSIS 75 2.3. General evaluation of the national situation 75 2.3.2 Listeriosis in humans 75 2.3.3 Listeria in foodstuffs 75 2.4 E. COLI INFECTIONS 76 2.4. General evaluation of the national situation 76 2.4.2 E. coli infections in humans 76 2.4.3 Escherichia coli, pathogenic in foodstuffs 76 2.4.4 Escherichia coli, pathogenic in animals 77 2.5 TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES 77 2.5. General evaluation of the national situation 77 2.5.2 Tuberculosis, mycobacterial diseases in humans 77 2.5.3 Mycobacterium in animals 77 2.6 BRUCELLOSIS 84 2.6. General evaluation of the national situation 84 2.6.2 Brucellosis in humans 85 2.6.3 Brucella in animals 85 2.7 YERSINIOSIS 2.7. General evaluation of the national situation 2.7.2 Yersiniosis in humans 2.7.3 Yersinia in animals 2.8 TRICHINELLOSIS 2.8. General evaluation of the national situation 2.8.2 Trichinellosis in humans 2.8.3 Trichinella in animals France - 28
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 2.9 ECHINOCOCCOSIS 7 2.9. General evaluation of the national situation 7 2.9.2 Echinococcosis in humans 8 2.9.3 Echinococcus in animals 8 2. TOXOPLASMOSIS 9 2.. General evaluation of the national situation 9 2..2 Toxoplasmosis in humans 9 2..3 Toxoplasma in animals 9 2. RABIES 2.. General evaluation of the national situation 2..2 Rabies in humans 2 2..3 Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals 2 2.2 Q-FEVER 5 2.2. General evaluation of the national situation 5 2.3 TULARAEMIA 6 2.3. General evaluation of the national situation 6 2.3.2 Francisella in animals 6 3 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIAL 7 3. ENTEROCOCCUS, NON-PATHOGENIC 8 3.. General evaluation of the national situation 8 3..2 Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus, non-pathogenic isolates 8 3.2 ESCHERICHIA COLI, NON-PATHOGENIC 27 3.2. General evaluation of the national situation 27 3.2.2 Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic isolates 27 4 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS 54 4. HISTAMINE 55 4.. General evaluation of the national situation 55 4..2 Histamine in foodstuffs 55 4.2 ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII 55 4.2. General evaluation of the national situation 55 4.2.2 Enterobacter sakazakii in foodstuffs 55 4.3 STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS 55 4.3. General evaluation of the national situation 55 4.3.2 Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs 55 5 FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS 56
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses. ANIMAL POPULATIONS The relevance of the findings on zoonoses and zoonotic agents has to be related to the size and nature of the animal population in the country. France - 28
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses A. Information on susceptible animal population Sources of information: The sources of data are the "Central Service of the Statistical Surveys and Studies" and the "Food Safety Departement" of the French Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Dates the figures relate to and the content of the figures: The numbers of livestock and holdings indicated in the table correspond to animals present at the time of November 28 for the bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine species. Sources are the "surveys on livestock", surveys imposed by the Community legislation, the overall results of which are forwarded to Eurostat. For broilers, the information of livestock comes from the survey on the "structure of the farms", which also are a survey answering Community legislation and which take place in 23, 25 and 27 between the two censuses of 2 and 2. The numbers of slaughtered animals and the detailed number of flocks of fowls, distributed according to the type of birds and the production sectors, are related to 28. The numbers of slaughtered animals indicated in the table come from the "Central Service of the Statistical Surveys and Studies", whereas detailed numbers of fowl flocks come from the "Food Safety Departement". Additional information Further information is given in the "Central Service of the Statistical Surveys and Studies" web site: http://www.agreste.agriculture.gouv.fr/ France - 28 2
France - 28 Table Susceptible animal populations Number of herds or flocks Number of slaughtered animals Livestock numbers (live animals) Number of holdings Animal species Category of animals Year Year Year Year Cattle (bovine animals) calves (under year) dairy cows and heifers in total meat production animals mixed herds Deer farmed - in total Ducks foie gras production flocks 57872 568738 5783753 86268 52666 936682 9834 3854 356544 955227 9483 3755744 2862 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses in total 7858394 258594 27 3352 27 meat production flocks 434779 Gallus gallus (fowl) breeding flocks, unspecified - in total 845494 broilers 73733235 capon production flocks 26952 elite breeding flocks for egg production line - during production period ) 38 22769 44 3
France - 28 Table Susceptible animal populations Number of herds or flocks Number of slaughtered animals Livestock numbers (live animals) Number of holdings Animal species Category of animals Year Year Year Year Gallus gallus (fowl) elite breeding flocks for egg production line - during rearing period elite breeding flocks for meat production line - during production period elite breeding flocks for meat production line - during rearing period laying hens laying hens - during production period laying hens - during rearing period parent breeding flocks for egg production line - during production period 2) 3) 4) 2 77993 4 29 84228 5 94 35932 26 28442 367 447248 274 293 45687 473 67 79945 6 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Geese parent breeding flocks for egg production line - during rearing period parent breeding flocks for meat production line - during production period parent breeding flocks for meat production line - during rearing period foie gras production flocks 5 749847 9 869 9467865 49 855 822764 75 3363 in total 4533 89398 27 285 27 4
France - 28 Table Susceptible animal populations Number of herds or flocks Number of slaughtered animals Livestock numbers (live animals) Number of holdings Animal species Category of animals Year Year Year Year Geese meat production flocks 968 Goats animals over year 2326 animals under year 66957 in total 89347 26798 692 milk goats 52575 Guinea fowl in total 2679583 Partridges in total 46676 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Pheasants in total 689 Pigeons in total 39885 Pigs breeding animals 44522 breeding animals - unspecified - sows and gilts fattening pigs 292 24539525 8256689 fattening pigs - unspecified - piglets 363 5335959 in total 2529776 489826 348 5
France - 28 Table Susceptible animal populations Number of herds or flocks Number of slaughtered animals Livestock numbers (live animals) Number of holdings Animal species Category of animals Year Year Year Year Quails in total Rabbits in total Sheep animals over year animals under year (lambs) in total meat production animals milk ewes 4542729 3632564 63542 4233352 47567 4868754 77527 5997 466665 6335 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Solipeds, domestic in total 623 392969 27 Turkeys in total 62877477 243579 27 94 27 Wild boars farmed - in total 93 s: ) 2) 3) 4) grandparent and elite grandparent and elite grandparent and elite grandparent and elite 6
France - 28 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 7
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 2. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS Zoonoses are diseases or infections, which are naturally transmissible directly or indirectly between animals and humans. Foodstuffs serve often as vehicles of zoonotic infections. Zoonotic agents cover viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites or other biological entities that are likely to cause zoonoses. France - 28 8
France - 28 2. SALMONELLOSIS 2.. General evaluation of the national situation 2..2 Salmonellosis in humans 2..3 Salmonella in foodstuffs Table Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh - - neck skin - Survey - EU baseline survey Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance ) 2) Source of information Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella spp. S. Agona S. Anatum S. Bareilly S. Brandenbur S. Bredeney S. Derby g CCA animal 27g 425 32 2 3 3 CCA single 25g 3 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses S. Enteritidis S. Hadar S. Heidelberg S. Indiana S. Kottbus S. Livingstone S. Mbandaka S. Montevideo S. Thompson S. Typhimuriu m Salmonella spp., unspecified Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh - - neck skin - Survey - EU baseline survey Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance ) 2) 2 5 3 s: ) carcasse was positive either for Braedenburg and Kottbus; carcasse was positive either for Derby and Kottbus, carcasse was positive either for Indiana and Kottbus 9 2) n=5, 5xg/sample
France - 28 Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof Meat from pig - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance s: ) n=5, 5xg ) Source of information Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella spp. S. Derby S. Enteritidis S. Typhimuriu m CCA single 25g 4 4 Salmonella spp., unspecified France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 2..4 Salmonella in animals A. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - breeding flocks Monitoring system Sampling strategy Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary) in accordance with regulations (EC) n 26/23 and 3/25, all the flocks are sampled. Frequency of the sampling Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks Every flock is sampled Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing period At the age of 4 weeks and 2 weeks prior moving Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Production period At the age of 26, 34, 42, 5 weeks and within 8 weeks before culling (breeders for meat production line), at the age of 24, 38, 54 weeks and within 8 weeks before culling (breeders for egg production line), and every 2 weeks at the hatchery Type of specimen taken Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks Internal linings of delivery boxes Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing period Environmental sample: boot swabs and chiffonnettes Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Production period Case definition Other: boot swabs and chiffonnettes (holding), internal liners of hatching boxes (hatchery) Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks A positive case is a flock were 2 rows of sampling give a positive result for Salmonella Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Hadar, Infantis, Virchow on at least on sample. In France, we perform 2 rows of confirmation sampling, which means that if the first row is completely negative, we perform a second one. Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing period A positive case is a flock were 2 rows of sampling give a positive result for Salmonella Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Hadar, Infantis, Virchow on at least on sample. In France, we perform 2 rows of confirmation sampling, which means that if the France - 28 2
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses first row is completely negative, we perform a second one. Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Production period A positive case is a flock were 2 rows of sampling give a positive result for Salmonella Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Hadar, Infantis, Virchow on at least on sample. In France, we perform 2 rows of confirmation sampling, which means that if the first row is completely negative, we perform a second one. Diagnostic/analytical methods used Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks Bacteriological method: NF U 47 and NF U 47 Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing period Bacteriological method: NF U 47 and NF U 47 Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Production period Bacteriological method: NF U 47 and NF U 47 Vaccination policy Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary) Vaccination is forbidden for all breeders of the egg production line. Vaccination is forbidden for grandparents and elite of the meat production line, but authorized for parents of this line (only inactivated vaccines). Other preventive measures than vaccination in place Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary) The respect of good hygiene practices covered by the "Charte Sanitaire" is mandatory to get a financial compensation in case of infection. Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary) All positive flocks for SE, ST, SH, SI, SV are slaughtered, and their products destroyed or heat treated. Carcasses are heat treated if Salmonella is identified within muscles. Notification system in place Notification to central competent authorities is mandatory France - 28 3
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses B. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - flocks of laying hens Monitoring system Sampling strategy Laying hens flocks sampling in accordance with regulations (EC) n 26/23 and 68/26. Frequency of the sampling Laying hens: Day-old chicks Every flock is sampled Laying hens: Rearing period At the age of 4 weeks and 2 weeks prior moving. Laying hens: Production period At the age of 24 weeks and every 5 weeks Laying hens: Before slaughter at farm 6 or weeks prior to slaughter ( weeks for flocks in cage and 6 for the others) Type of specimen taken Laying hens: Day-old chicks Internal linings of delivery boxes Laying hens: Rearing period Environmental sample: boot swabs and chiffonnettes Laying hens: Production period Environmental sample: boot swabs and chiffonnettes, and also feed for large flocks Laying hens: Before slaughter at farm Environmental sample: boot swabs and chiffonnettes, and also feed for large flocks Case definition Laying hens: Day-old chicks A positive case is a flock were 2 rows of sampling give a positive result for Salmonella Enteritidis or Typhimurium on at least on sample. In France, we perform 2 rows of confirmation sampling, which means that if the first row is completely negative, we perform a second one. Laying hens: Rearing period A positive case is a flock were 2 rows of sampling give a positive result for Salmonella Enteritidis or Typhimurium on at least on sample. In France, we perform 2 rows of confirmation sampling, which means that if the first row is completely negative, we perform a second one. Laying hens: Production period France - 28 4
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses A positive case is a flock were 2 rows of sampling give a positive result for Salmonella Enteritidis or Typhimurium on at least on sample. In France, we perform 2 rows of confirmation sampling, which means that if the first row is completely negative, we perform a second one. Laying hens: Before slaughter at farm A positive case is a flock were 2 rows of sampling give a positive result for Salmonella Enteritidis or Typhimurium on at least on sample. In France, we perform 2 rows of confirmation sampling, which means that if the first row is completely negative, we perform a second one. Diagnostic/analytical methods used Laying hens: Day-old chicks Bacteriological method: NF U 47 and NF U 47 Laying hens: Rearing period Bacteriological method: NF U 47 and NF U 47 Laying hens: Production period Bacteriological method: NF U 47 and NF U 47 Laying hens: Before slaughter at farm Bacteriological method: NF U 47 and NF U 47 Vaccination policy Laying hens flocks Vaccination is authorized with inactivated vaccines, and in few supervised cases with life vaccines. Other preventive measures than vaccination in place Laying hens flocks The respect of good hygiene practices covered by the "Charte Sanitaire" is mandatory to get a financial compensation in case of infection. Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place Laying hens flocks All the positive flocks of pullets are slaughtered; slaugher of positive flocks of laying hens is also mandatory to get a financial compensation. In all cases, products are destoyed or heat treated. Carcasses are heat treated if Salmonella is identified within muscles. Notification system in place Notification to central competent authorities is mandatory. France - 28 5
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses C. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - broiler flocks Monitoring system Sampling strategy Broiler flocks The national control programme started on january 9. France - 28 6
France - 28 Table Salmonella in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus Gallus gallus (fowl) - grandparent breeding flocks for egg production line - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - grandparent breeding flocks for egg production line - during rearing period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - grandparent breeding flocks for meat production line - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - grandparent breeding flocks for meat production line - during rearing period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for egg production line - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Number of existing flocks Source of information Sampling unit Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella spp. 38 CCA flock 38 2 CCA flock 2 29 CCA flock 29 94 CCA flock 94 67 CCA flock 67 S. Anatum S. Enteritidis S. Hadar S. Infantis S. Napoli S. Newport France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for egg production line - during rearing period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for meat production line - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for meat production line - during rearing period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes 5 CCA flock 5 869 CCA flock 869 9 855 CCA flock 855 9 5 7
France - 28 Table Salmonella in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus S. Senftenberg S. Typhimuriu m S. Virchow Other serotypes Salmonella spp., unspecified Gallus gallus (fowl) - grandparent breeding flocks for egg production line - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - grandparent breeding flocks for egg production line - during rearing period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - grandparent breeding flocks for meat production line - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - grandparent breeding flocks for meat production line - during rearing period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for egg production line - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for egg production line - during rearing period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for meat production line - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for meat production line - during rearing period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes 5 2 2 8
France - 28 Footnote: Figures for grandparent breeding flocks include figures for elite flocks and grandparent breeding flocks. The total number of flocks and the total number of flocks tested are calculated from the number of flocks settle during the year, which means that they are only taken into account once. Only Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are tested, except for the last row of sampling (either for pullets and adult breeders) where all the serotypes are tested. France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 9
France - 28 Table Salmonella in other poultry Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes - industry sampling - census sampling Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes - official and industry sampling Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes - official sampling - objective sampling Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes - official sampling - suspect sampling Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes ) 2) 3) Number of existing flocks Source of information Sampling unit Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella spp. S. Agona S. Braenderup S. Brandenbur g S. Cubana S. Derby S. Enteritidis 367 CCA flock 367 4 6 8 2 2 32 367 CCA flock 367 87 6 8 2 2 62 367 CCA flock 2834 29 9 367 CCA flock 44 97 62 293 CCA flock 293 67 4 4 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses S. Indiana S. Infantis S. Kedougou S. Kottbus S. Livingstone S. Mbandaka S. Montevideo S. Napoli S. Newport S. Rissen S. Saintpaul Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes - industry sampling - census sampling Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes - official and industry sampling ) 5 2 8 7 7 2 2 5 2 8 7 7 2 2 2
France - 28 Table Salmonella in other poultry S. Indiana S. Infantis S. Kedougou S. Kottbus S. Livingstone S. Mbandaka S. Montevideo S. Napoli S. Newport S. Rissen S. Saintpaul Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes - official sampling - objective sampling Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes - official sampling - suspect sampling Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes - industry sampling - census sampling 2) 3) 2 2 5 S. S. Schwarzengr Senftenberg und S. Tennessee S. Typhimuriu Not typeable m Other serotypes 5 4 9 2 6 Salmonella spp., unspecified France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes - official and industry sampling Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes - official sampling - objective sampling Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during production period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes - official sampling - suspect sampling ) 2) 3) 5 4 36 2 6 36 2
France - 28 Table Salmonella in other poultry S. S. Schwarzengr Senftenberg und S. Tennessee S. Typhimuriu Not typeable m Other serotypes Salmonella spp., unspecified Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period - at farm - environmental sample - Control and eradication programmes s: ) 2) 3) 28 6 7 one flock was positive either for Enteritidis and Typhimurium one flock was positive either for Enteritidis and Typhimurium all the suspect flocks are tested; one flock was positive either for Enteritidis and Typhimurium Footnote: For pullets and laying hens: the total number of flocks and the total number of flocks tested are calculated from the number of flocks settle during the year, which means that they are only taken into account once. Only Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are tested, except for the last row of sampling (either for pullets and laying hens) where all the serotypes are tested. This last sampling is always done by food business operators. France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 22
France - 28 2..5 Salmonella in feedingstuffs Table Salmonella in feed material of animal origin Feed material of marine animal origin - fish meal - at feed mill - Surveillance Source of information Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested CCA batch 5g 54 Total units positive for S. Enteritidis Salmonella spp. S. Typhimuriu m Salmonella spp., unspecified France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 23
France - 28 Table Salmonella in other feed matter Feed material of cereal grain origin - barley derived Feed material of cereal grain origin - maize Feed material of cereal grain origin - other cereal grain derived Feed material of cereal grain origin - wheat derived Feed material of oil seed or fruit origin - linseed derived Feed material of oil seed or fruit origin - palm kernel derived Feed material of oil seed or fruit origin - rape seed derived Feed material of oil seed or fruit origin - soya (bean) derived - at feed mill - Monitoring Source of information Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested CCA batch 5g 5 CCA batch 5g 25 CCA batch 5g 4 CCA batch 5g 32 CCA batch 5g CCA batch 5g 2 CCA batch 5g 57 4 3 CCA batch 5g 2 Total units positive for S. Enteritidis Salmonella spp. S. Typhimuriu m Salmonella spp., unspecified France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Feed material of oil seed or fruit origin - sunflower seed derived - at feed mill - Monitoring CCA batch 5g 39 Other feed material - legume seeds and similar products CCA batch 5g Other feed material - other plants CCA batch 5g 4 Other feed material - other seeds and fruits CCA batch 5g 2 Other feed material - tubers, roots and similar products CCA batch 5g 3 24
France - 28 Table Salmonella in compound feedingstuffs Compound feedingstuffs for cattle - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for cattle - process control - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for fish - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (For breeding pigs) Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (For fattening pigs) Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (for piglets) Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - process control Compound feedingstuffs for poultry (non specified) - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance Source of information Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella spp. Industry batch 2 CCA batch 5g Industry batch 593 Industry batch 9 2 Industry batch 566 3 3 Industry batch 237 CCA batch 5g 3 CCA batch 5g 6 S. Agona S. Cerro S. Derby S. Enteritidis S. Infantis S. Kentucky France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Compound feedingstuffs for poultry (non specified) - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (meat producing poultry, non broiler) Compound feedingstuffs for poultry (non specified) - process control Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - laying hens - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (for adult laying hens) Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - laying hens - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (for pullets) Industry batch 36 2 CCA batch 5g 36 Industry batch 3 27 2 Industry batch 458 26
France - 28 Table Salmonella in compound feedingstuffs Source of information Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella spp. S. Agona S. Cerro S. Derby S. Enteritidis S. Infantis S. Kentucky Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - laying hens - process control Compound feedingstuffs for poultry -breeders - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for poultry -breeders - process control Compound feedingstuffs for turkeys - at feed mill - Surveillance Compund feedingstuffs for poultry - broilers - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance Compund feedingstuffs for poultry - broilers - process control Pet food - at feed mill - Surveillance CCA batch 5g 56 Industry batch 332 6 CCA batch 5g 22 Industry batch 33 Industry batch 598 4 CCA batch 5g 96 3 CCA batch kg 3 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses S. Lexington S. Mbandaka S. Montevideo S. Muenster S. Newport S. Rissen S. Senftenberg S. Tennessee S. Typhimuriu m S. Westhampto n S. 6:d:- Compound feedingstuffs for cattle - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for cattle - process control - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for fish - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (For breeding pigs) Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (For fattening pigs) 3 3 27
France - 28 Table Salmonella in compound feedingstuffs S. Lexington S. Mbandaka S. Montevideo S. Muenster S. Newport S. Rissen S. Senftenberg S. Tennessee S. Typhimuriu m S. Westhampto n S. 6:d:- Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (for piglets) Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - process control Compound feedingstuffs for poultry (non specified) - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for poultry (non specified) - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (meat producing poultry, non broiler) Compound feedingstuffs for poultry (non specified) - process control Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - laying hens - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (for adult laying hens) Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - laying hens - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (for pullets) 3 9 2 2 2 2 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - laying hens - process control Compound feedingstuffs for poultry -breeders - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for poultry -breeders - process control Compound feedingstuffs for turkeys - at feed mill - Surveillance Compund feedingstuffs for poultry - broilers - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance 28 Compund feedingstuffs for poultry - broilers - process control
France - 28 Table Salmonella in compound feedingstuffs S. Lexington S. Mbandaka S. Montevideo S. Muenster S. Newport S. Rissen S. Senftenberg S. Tennessee S. Typhimuriu m S. Westhampto n S. 6:d:- Pet food - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for cattle - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for cattle - process control - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for fish - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (For breeding pigs) Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (For fattening pigs) Not typeable Salmonella spp., unspecified France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (for piglets) Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - process control Compound feedingstuffs for poultry (non specified) - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for poultry (non specified) - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (meat producing poultry, non broiler) Compound feedingstuffs for poultry (non specified) - process control 29
France - 28 Table Salmonella in compound feedingstuffs Not typeable Salmonella spp., unspecified Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - laying hens - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (for adult laying hens) Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - laying hens - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance (for pullets) Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - laying hens - process control Compound feedingstuffs for poultry -breeders - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance Compound feedingstuffs for poultry -breeders - process control Compound feedingstuffs for turkeys - at feed mill - Surveillance Compund feedingstuffs for poultry - broilers - final product - at feed mill - Surveillance 2 3 4 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Compund feedingstuffs for poultry - broilers - process control 2 Pet food - at feed mill - Surveillance 3
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 2..6 Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates A. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in pigs Sampling strategy used in monitoring Frequency of the sampling see Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in poultry France - 28 3
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses B. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in poultry Sampling strategy used in monitoring Type of specimen taken The Salmonella strains are isolated from 3 different sectors: (i) rearing or wild animals and their environment, (ii) all along the food hygiene chain or (iii) from the natural ecosystem. Methods used for collecting data A passive monitoring programme of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica, named "Salmonella network" is organised. The Salmonella network is a monocentric one designed for general monitoring of strains which are collected with relative epidemiological data from veterinary laboratories. Serotyping and antimicrobial resistance are commonly performed on isolates collected. Strains also come from EU baseline studies, and national control programmes in place for Gallus breeders and laying hens. Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates Salmonella isolates are serotyped by slide agglutination with antisera. Laboratory used for detection for resistance Antimicrobials included in monitoring Susceptibility to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim is studied using a standard disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Breakpoints used in testing The panel of antibiotics tested (load, breakpoints (mm)), was recommended by the "Comité de l'antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie" (CA-SFM) in 27: - Ampicillin (µg, 9-4) - Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (2µg + µg, 2-4) - Cephalothin (3µg, 8-2) - Cefotaxime (3µg, 2-5) - Streptomycin (IU, 5-3) - Gentamicin (IU, 8-6) - Kanamycin (3IU, 7-5) - Chloramphenicol (3µg, 23-9) - Tetracycline (3IU, 9-7) - Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (23.75µg +.25µg, 6-) - Sulphonamides (2µg, 7-2) - Nalidixic acid (3µg, 2-5) - Ofloxacin (5µg, 25-22) - Enrofloxacin (5µg, 22-7) - Colistin (5µg, 5) France - 28 32
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Zone diameters were read using the automated scanner Osiris (Bio-Rad). France - 28 33
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses C. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in foodstuff derived from cattle Sampling strategy used in monitoring Frequency of the sampling see Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in poultry France - 28 34
France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses D. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in foodstuff derived from poultry Sampling strategy used in monitoring Frequency of the sampling France - 28 35
France - 28 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Derby in Pigs - breeding animals - at farm - environmental sample - Survey - EU baseline survey - quantitative data [Dilution method] S. Derby Pigs - breeding animals - at farm - environmental sample - Survey - EU baseline survey Aminoglycosides Amphenicols Cephalosporins Isolates out of a monitoring program (yes/no) Number of isolates available in the laboratory Antimicrobials: Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin Chloramphenicol Florfenicol 3rd generation cephalosporins Cefotaxim Ceftazidim yes 48 break points N n <=.8.5.3.6.2.25.5 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 52 24 248 >248 lowest highest 5 48 5 39 4.3 32 63 63 48 26 2 3 3 4 28 3 48 3 43 2 64 7 48 37 2 64 63 48 35 3.6 4 3 48 46 2.3 6 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin Enrofloxacin 3 48 33 5.8 4. Penicillins Ampicillin 3 48 42 6.5 32 Quinolones Nalidixic acid 3 48 47 4. 64 Sulfonamides Sulfonamide 5 48 29 5 3 29 8. 24 Tetracyclines Tetracyclin 5 48 3 7 3 64 Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides 5 48 46.5 32 36
France - 28 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Derby in Other animals - at slaughterhouse - animal sample - meat - Survey (Pork and poultry meat) - quantitative data [Dilution method] S. Derby Other animals - - meat - Survey (Pork and poultry meat) Aminoglycosides Amphenicols Cephalosporins Isolates out of a monitoring program (yes/no) Number of isolates available in the laboratory Antimicrobials: Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin Chloramphenicol Florfenicol 3rd generation cephalosporins Cefotaxim Ceftazidim yes 2 break points N n <=.8.5.3.6.2.25.5 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 52 24 248 >248 lowest highest 5 2 9 3 63 63 2 9 7 2 3 2 4 6 7 63 2 4 8 3 2 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin Enrofloxacin 3 2 2 Penicillins Ampicillin 3 2 2 9 2 Quinolones Nalidixic acid 3 2 Sulfonamides Sulfonamide 5 2 Tetracyclines Tetracyclin 5 2 2 9 Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides 5 38
France - 28 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - at farm - Control and eradication programmes - quantitative data [Dilution method] S. Enteritidis Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Aminoglycosides Amphenicols Cephalosporins Isolates out of a monitoring program (yes/no) Number of isolates available in the laboratory Antimicrobials: Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin Chloramphenicol Florfenicol 3rd generation cephalosporins Cefotaxim Ceftazidim yes 73 break points N n <=.8.5.3.6.2.25.5 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 52 24 248 >248 lowest highest 5 73 43 27 2.3 32 63 63 73 38 27 6 4 28 3 73 2 49 22 2. 64. 7 73 5 63 5 2. 64. 63 73 46 26.6 4. 3 73 65 7.3 6. France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin Enrofloxacin 3 73 23 45 3 2.8 4. Penicillins Ampicillin 3 73 37 33 3.5 32 Quinolones Nalidixic acid 3 73 5 67 5 4 64 Sulfonamides Sulfonamide 5 73 3 5 32 3 3 8. 24. Tetracyclines Tetracyclin 5 73 4 49 9 3. 64. Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides 5 73 72.5 32 4
France - 28 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Indiana in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - at farm - environmental sample - Survey - EU baseline survey - quantitative data [Dilution method] S. Indiana Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - at farm - environmental sample - Survey - EU baseline survey Aminoglycosides Amphenicols Cephalosporins Isolates out of a monitoring program (yes/no) Number of isolates available in the laboratory Antimicrobials: Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin Chloramphenicol Florfenicol 3rd generation cephalosporins Cefotaxim Ceftazidim yes 2 break points N n <=.8.5.3.6.2.25.5 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 52 24 248 >248 lowest highest 5 2 2 9.3 32 63 63 2 9 2 4 28 3 2 9 2 2 64 7 2 2 2 64 63 2 8 4.6 4 3 2.3 6 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin Enrofloxacin 3 2 6 6.8 4 Penicillins Ampicillin 3 2.5 32 Quinolones Nalidixic acid 3 2 4 64 Sulfonamides Sulfonamide 5 2 2 5 4 2 8 24 Tetracyclines Tetracyclin 5 2 2 9 64 Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides 5 2.5 32 42
France - 28 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Infantis in Pigs - breeding animals - at farm - environmental sample - Survey - EU baseline survey - quantitative data [Dilution method] S. Infantis Pigs - breeding animals - at farm - environmental sample - Survey - EU baseline survey Aminoglycosides Amphenicols Cephalosporins Isolates out of a monitoring program (yes/no) Number of isolates available in the laboratory Antimicrobials: Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin Chloramphenicol Florfenicol 3rd generation cephalosporins Cefotaxim Ceftazidim yes 6 break points N n <=.8.5.3.6.2.25.5 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 52 24 248 >248 lowest highest 5 6 4.3 32 63 63 6 5 4 28 3 6 4 2 2 64 7 6 5 2 64 63 6 5.6 4. 3 6 2 3.3 6 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin Enrofloxacin 3 6 4 2.8 4 Penicillins Ampicillin 3 6 6.5 32 Quinolones Nalidixic acid 3 6 6 4 64 Sulfonamides Sulfonamide 5 6 4 2 8 24 Tetracyclines Tetracyclin 5 6 2 4 64 Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides 5 6 6.5 32 44
France - 28 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Pigs - breeding animals - at farm - environmental sample - Survey - EU baseline survey - quantitative data [Dilution method] S. Typhimurium Pigs - breeding animals - at farm - environmental sample - Survey - EU baseline survey Aminoglycosides Amphenicols Cephalosporins Isolates out of a monitoring program (yes/no) Number of isolates available in the laboratory Antimicrobials: Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin Chloramphenicol Florfenicol 3rd generation cephalosporins Cefotaxim Ceftazidim yes 8 break points N n <=.8.5.3.6.2.25.5 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 52 24 248 >248 lowest highest 5 8 2 5.3 32 63 63 8 4 2 2 2 4 28 3 8 3 3 2 3 2 64 7 8 3 4 3 2 64 63 8 6 2.6 4 3 8 7.3 6 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin Enrofloxacin 3 8 2 5.8 4 Penicillins Ampicillin 3 8 5 3 5.5 32 Quinolones Nalidixic acid 3 8 7 4 64 Sulfonamides Sulfonamide 5 8 6 6 8 24 Tetracyclines Tetracyclin 5 8 7 3 4 64 Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides 5 8 7.5 32 46
France - 28 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - at farm - Control and eradication programmes - quantitative data [Dilution method] S. Typhimurium Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Aminoglycosides Amphenicols Cephalosporins Isolates out of a monitoring program (yes/no) Number of isolates available in the laboratory Antimicrobials: Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin Chloramphenicol Florfenicol 3rd generation cephalosporins Cefotaxim Ceftazidim yes 36 break points N n <=.8.5.3.6.2.25.5 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 52 24 248 >248 lowest highest 5 36 26.3 32. 63 63 36 2 3 9 3 9 4. 28. 3 36 3 2 2 3 2. 64. 7 36 3 7 6 2 2. 64. 63 36 32 2 2.6 4. 3 36 32 2 2.3 6. France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin Enrofloxacin 3 36 4 3.8 4. Penicillins Ampicillin 3 36 5 5 6 5.5 32. Quinolones Nalidixic acid 3 36 2 29 5 2 4. 64. Sulfonamides Sulfonamide 5 36 24 3 2 6 24 8. 24. Tetracyclines Tetracyclin 5 36 23 7 6 3. 64 Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides 5 36 35.5 32. 48
France - 28 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella spp. in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - at farm - environmental sample - Survey - EU baseline survey - quantitative data [Dilution method] Salmonella spp. Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - at farm - environmental sample - Survey - EU baseline survey Aminoglycosides Amphenicols Cephalosporins Isolates out of a monitoring program (yes/no) Number of isolates available in the laboratory Antimicrobials: Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin Chloramphenicol Florfenicol 3rd generation cephalosporins Cefotaxim Ceftazidim yes 27 break points N n <=.8.5.3.6.2.25.5 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 52 24 248 >248 lowest highest 5 27 6 9 2.3 32 63 63 27 3 6 7 4 28 3 27 9 7 2 64 7 27 2 24 2 64 63 27 3 2 2.6 4 3 27 2 6.3 6 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin Enrofloxacin 3 27 3 3.8 4. Penicillins Ampicillin 3 27 2 5.5 32 Quinolones Nalidixic acid 3 27 26 4 64 Sulfonamides Sulfonamide 5 27 2 2 2 2 8 24 Tetracyclines Tetracyclin 5 27 8 8 64 Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides 5 27 25.5 32 5
France - 28 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella spp. in Pigs - breeding animals - at farm - environmental sample - Survey - EU baseline survey - quantitative data [Dilution method] Salmonella spp. Pigs - breeding animals - at farm - environmental sample - Survey - EU baseline survey Aminoglycosides Amphenicols Cephalosporins Isolates out of a monitoring program (yes/no) Number of isolates available in the laboratory Antimicrobials: Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin Chloramphenicol Florfenicol 3rd generation cephalosporins Cefotaxim Ceftazidim yes break points N n <=.8.5.3.6.2.25.5 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 52 24 248 >248 lowest highest 5 32 7 7.3 32. 63 63 33 6 47 2 4 7 6 4. 28. 3 3 3 76 3 2 64 7 5 3 9 3 2 3 2 64 63 46 6 3.6 4. 3 33 74 3.3 6. France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin Enrofloxacin 3 54 55.8 4. Penicillins Ampicillin 3 7 93 7.5 32. Quinolones Nalidixic acid 3 8 3 4. 64 Sulfonamides Sulfonamide 5 4 26 39 6 4 8. 24. Tetracyclines Tetracyclin 5 4 24 46 3 38. 64. Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides 5 6 4 6.5 32. 52
France - 28 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella spp. in Other animals - at slaughterhouse - animal sample - meat - Survey (Pork and poultry origin) - quantitative data [Dilution method] Salmonella spp. Other animals - - meat - Survey (Pork and poultry origin) Aminoglycosides Amphenicols Cephalosporins Isolates out of a monitoring program (yes/no) Number of isolates available in the laboratory Antimicrobials: Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin Chloramphenicol Florfenicol 3rd generation cephalosporins Cefotaxim Ceftazidim yes 7 break points N n <=.8.5.3.6.2.25.5 2 4 8 6 32 64 28 256 52 24 248 >248 lowest highest 5 7 3 3 63 63 7 3 2 2 8 2 3 7 2 8 6 2 7 63 7 9 8 3 7 5 France - 28 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin Enrofloxacin 3 7 2 5 Penicillins Ampicillin 3 7 4 2 4 Quinolones Nalidixic acid 3 7 6 Sulfonamides Sulfonamide 5 7 2 2 2 2 Tetracyclines Tetracyclin 5 7 2 4 2 9 Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides Trimethoprim Trimethoprim + sulfonamides 5 7 6 54