Chatham Island Mollymawk research on Te Tara Koi Koia: November 2016

Chatham Island Mollymawk research on Te Tara Koi Koia: November 2016 1

Chatham Island Mollymawk research on Te Tara Koi Koia: November 2016 Mike Bell, Dave Bell and Dave Boyle Wildlife Management International Ltd PO Box 607 Blenheim 7240 New Zealand www.wmil.co.nz This report was prepared by Wildlife Management International Limited for the Department of Conservation as partial fulfilment of the contract POP2016-01 Seabird Population research: Chatham Islands 2016-17 dated October 2016. 30 January 2017 Citation: This report should be cited as: Bell, M.D.; Bell, D.J.; Boyle, D.P. 2017. Chatham Island Mollymawk research on Te Tara Koi Koia: November 2016. Report prepared by Wildlife Management International Limited for the Department of Conservation, Wellington. 24p. All photographs in this Report are copyright WMIL unless otherwise credited, in which case the person or organization credited is the copyright holder.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Te Tara Koi Koia, the sole breeding site of the Chatham Island Mollymawk Thalassarche eremita is privately owned by the Daymond Whanau and we are very grateful for their permission to camp on the island to undertake research on Chatham Island Mollymawk. A field team of two (Dave Bell and Dave Boyle) camped on the island from Nov 9 th until Nov 14 th. A full census of the island counted 5296 nests sites of Chatham Island Mollymawk. This result is very similar to previous counts, with the average from 1999-2016 being 5,294 nest sites (range 5,194-5,407, n=11). Most nests contained breeding birds, with 63.1% of nests containing eggs, 10.8% a chick and 22.6% had already failed; only 3.5% of nests were classified as empty. Chick hatching had only just started during this field trip. A review of nest occupancy recorded during field trips since 1997 clarifies the breeding timetable of Chatham Island Mollymawk. A total of 310 band recoveries we made of Chatham Island Mollymawk, this included 3 dead adults, 196 adults incubating eggs, 47 adults guarding a chick, 29 adults on a failed nest, 14 adults on an empty nest, and 21 adults caught away from nests where breeding status could not be determined. A total of 65 study nests on the Camp Flat and Slopes had birds breeding in them, containing either an egg or chick. A further 9 marked nests were occupied by birds, but were empty. 1

1. INTRODUCTION Chatham Island Mollymawk Thalassarche eremita breeds only on Te Tara Koi Koia (44⁰26 S, 176⁰14 W) (Checklist committee 2010). Te Tara Koi Koia, the southernmost island in the Chatham Islands, is privately owned by the Daymond Whanau. Permission is required to land and camp on the island and we are very grateful to the Daymond Whanau for granting us permission to undertake this research. The first full census of Chatham Island Mollymawk was carried out in the 1999 breeding season (Robertson et. al. 2003). Since then full counts have been carried out during the 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010 breeding seasons (Robertson et al 2003; Fraser et al 2011). During this time the breeding population has been between 5,194 and 5,407 nests (Robertson et. al. 2003; Fraser et. al. 2011). During the breeding season Chatham Island Mollymawk mainly forage between 38-48⁰S in waters South and East of the Chatham Islands. In the non-breeding season most birds winter in the mixing zone between the Humboldt Current and the Magellanic Current off central eastern Chile and Peru (Onley and Scofield 2007). This report summarises the results of a field trip to Te Tara Koi Koia in November 2016 to undertake a population census and to re-capture as many banded birds as possible to continue collecting data for demographic studies. 2. METHODS 2.1 Census A full census of all nest sites on Te Tara Koi Koia was carried out using the same format used since the original 1999 census (Robertson et. al. 2003). The island is divided into 19 count sections (Figure 1) and each of these sections was counted. At each nest the nest contents were recorded as either- Egg a nest with an adult bird incubating an egg Chick a nest with an adult bird guarding a chick, or a live chick alone in a nest Failed nest a nest with a broken or abandoned egg, or dead chick. Representing a nest where a breeding attempt was undertaken this season, but had already failed Empty a nest without an egg or chick, which may have an adult bird present, but shows no evidence of attempted breeding this season Each nest site was marked with a small dot of spray paint to ensure no nests were double counted. Parts of Section H were not accessible on foot, with 50% of this section counted using binoculars from vantage points. Nest contents were inferred by the bird s behaviour (i.e. birds standing on an empty nest, birds feeding/guarding a chick or birds repositioning on egg etc). This is consistent with the 1999-2001 censuses (Robertson et. al. 2003). Nest contents in sections Q, H, S and R were not determined in censuses during 2008-2010 (Fraser et. al. 2011). 2

Figure 1. Chatham Island Mollymawk count sections on Te Tara Koi Koia; for section names see Table 1. 2.2 Band recoveries Chatham Island Mollymawks have been banded on Te Tara Koi Koia since 1974, with a large number of chicks banded in 1993, 1994, and 1995 (Robertson et. al. 2003). Two study areas were established on the Camp Flat and Slopes, and many of these birds have been banded with engraved alpha-numeric colour bands (Robertson et. al. 2003, Fraser et. al. 2011). Twice daily checks (early morning and evening) of the study areas were carried out to check each study nest for banded birds. All other nests on the Camp Flat and Slopes were also checked to look for banded birds which may have shifted to un-marked nests. 3

During the census each bird on a nest was checked to see if it was banded; most birds did not require capture and the band could be read with the bird remaining incubating its egg or guarding its chick, but birds were captured and the band read if necessary. Following the census all sections were checked repeatedly for banded birds to account for birds changing over at nests, or non-breeding birds coming ashore at various times during the day. Each banded bird encountered was marked with a small dot of spray paint to prevent repeated capture/disturbance. The date, location (count section) and breeding status of each banded bird was recorded. 3. RESULTS A field team of two (Dave Bell and Dave Boyle) arrived on Nov 9 th, and camped on the island until they departed on Nov 14 th. An overview of the field trip is provided below - Nov 9 th - Depart Owenga 0800 and arrived Te Tara Koi Koia 1000. Landing using Naiad, team and gear ashore by 1045. Gear up to Camp and Camp established by 1330. Start census, count and collect band recoveries form The Cave (G). Check Camp study nests and collect band recoveries from this area. Nov 10 th - Early morning check Camp study nests and collect band recoveries from this area. Rest of day spent on island census. Count Moriori Ledge (K + L), Summit Ledge (J), South Basin (F), Bells ledge (D) and Main Slope (M). Collect band recoveries at all sections. Evening collect band recoveries in The Cave (G), Yellow-nosed Basin (S) and Camp (A, B + E). Evening check of Camp study nests. Nov 11 th - Early morning check Camp study nests and collect band recoveries from this area. Continue island wide census. Count North Slopes (P), Yellow Spur (O) and start Yellow-nosed Basin/Ridge (S+R); stopped due to rain. Collect band recoveries at each section. Evening check of Camp study nests and collect band recoveries. Nov 12 th - Early morning collect band recoveries and check study nests on Camp Flat and Slopes. Island wide search to continue collecting band recoveries. Census Round Rock Basin (Q) and complete census of Yellow-nosed Basin/Ridge (S+R). Return to Camp Flat and Slopes and carry out census of these sections (A, B+E). Evening collect band recoveries and check study nests Camp, collect band recoveries from The Cave (G). In addition, spent time throughout the day checking on distribution, numbers and breeding status (presence of eggs and chicks) of Fulmar Prions all day. Nov 13 th - Early morning collect band recoveries from The Cave and Camp Flats and Slope. Check all study nests on Camp Flat and Slope. Continue Island wide search to collect band recoveries. Census Western Ledges (I), Inaccessible Basin (H), and The Steeps (C). Evening collect band recoveries from The Cave and Camp Flat and Slopes, and check study nests. Continue with Island wide collection of band recoveries throughout evening until 2030. Nov 14 th - Early morning collect band recoveries from The Cave and Camp area whilst checking study nests. Pack up camp and carry gear to landing by 0830. Continue Island wide search and collection of band recoveries. Return to landing at 1000. Picked up 1130 and back to Waitangi. 3.1 Habitat condition During the field trip we found Te Tara Koi Koia to be well vegetated. With large areas of Ice Plant, Button Daisy, Senecio, and Carex (Figure 2). It is likely that there have been no major storms which have impacted on the vegetation cover of the island for some time. 4

Figure 2. Photos from the North Eastern slopes showing the amount of vegetation cover on the Te Tara Koi Koia, Nov 2016. 3.2 Census results A full census was carried out from Nov 9 th Nov 13 th 2016, with a total of 5296 nests counted (Table 1.) This result is very similar to previous counts, with the average from 1999-2016 being 5,294 nest sites (Range 5,194-5,407) (Table 2, Figure 3). The results of each count section are similar to that recorded from 1999-2010, with little variation in the number of nests recorded in each section (Table 2). 5

Number of nest sites Table 1. Results of census of Chatham Island Mollymawk per count section on Te Tara Koi Koia, Nov 2016. Area Area code Nest status Egg Chick Empty Failed Total Cave G 113 11 22 44 190 Camp Slope and Flat A+B+E 138 30 10 46 224 Western Ledges I 453 130 17 206 806 South Basin F 142 24 7 46 219 Bells Ledge D 112 13 2 48 175 Main Slope M+N 607 100 41 139 887 Yellow Spur O 71 9 5 30 115 Moriori Ledge K+L 181 31 14 36 262 Northern Slopes P 653 117 24 265 1059 Round Rock Basin Q 119 16 11 54 200 Summit Ridge J 400 45 10 157 612 Inaccessible Basin H 71 10 9 17 107 The Steeps C 118 12 8 31 169 Yellow-nosed Basin and Ridge S+R 165 23 5 78 271 Total 3343 571 185 1197 5296 Figure 3. Nest counts of Chatham Island Mollymawk on Te Tara Koi Koia, 1999-2016. 5500 5400 5300 5200 5100 5000 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Breeding season 6

Table 2. Number of Chatham Island Mollymawk nests recorded in each count section on Te Tara Koi Koia 1999-2016. Area Area code 1999 2000 2001 2007 2008 2009 2010 2016 Average Cave G 224 204 235 240 249 245 256 190 230.4 Camp Slope & Flat A+B+E 213 226 242 255 270 256 281 224 245.9 Western Ledges I 825 873 774 735 754 741 739 806 780.9 South Basin F 205 163 213 194 236 221 199 219 206.3 Bells Ledge D 220 167 207 188 199 186 200 175 192.8 Main Slope M+N 718 690 699 683 703 680 694 887 719.3 Yellow Spur O 156 132 125 117 124 121 112 115 125.3 Moriori Ledge K+L 245 237 289 247 289 268 267 262 263.0 Northern Slopes P 1198 1179 1035 1044 1010 989 949 1059 1057.9 Round Rock Basin Q 180 222 224 245 257 233 235 200 224.5 Summit Ridge J 641 611 717 715 706 697 719 612 677.3 Inaccessible Basin H 101 103 100 102 109 96 111 107 103.6 The Steeps C 152 208 174 218 221 217 227 169 198.3 Yellow-nosed Basin and Ridge S+R 255 311 270 264 280 244 256 271 268.9 Annual Total 5333 5326 5304 5247 5407 5194 5245 5296 5294.0 3.2 Breeding status 63.1% of nests contained eggs, 10.8% of nests contained a chick, and 22.6% of nests had failed; only 3.5% of nests were classified as empty. Chick hatching had only just started during this field trip. In previous surveys the proportion of chicks was higher, as visits were carried out in late Nov/early Dec during early chick rearing (Fraser et. al. 2011). Combining data for all of the field trips, where nest contents were checked, a pattern of the breeding cycle of Chatham Island Mollymawk is emerging, with chick s first hatching in October and all chicks hatched by mid Dec (Table 3). Table 3. Percent of nests containing eggs, chicks or empty nests by survey date, 1997-2016. 15- Oct 12- Nov 25- Nov 26- Nov 30- Nov 30- Nov 5- Dec 5- Dec 5- Dec 10- Dec 15- Feb Egg 70 63 9 7 7 4 3 4 3 1 0 Chick 1 11 60 56 52 61 56 61 67 40 53 Empty 29 26 31 37 41 35 41 35 29 59 47 7

3.2 Band recoveries A total of 310 band recoveries were made of Chatham Island Mollymawk, this included 3 dead adults, 196 adults incubating eggs, 47 adults guarding a chick, 29 adults on a failed nest, 14 adults on empty nests, and 21 adults caught away from nests where breeding status could not be determined. Additionally a closed band was found in a nest (presumably fallen off a chick), one open unused band was found on the ground, and two broken Darvic bands were also found. One Chatham Island Mollymawk carrying a Geolocator was caught, and the Geolocator removed. This is the most band recoveries in a field trip on Te Tara Koi Koia to date (Table 4). Most recoveries were from the Camp Flat and Slopes (Table 5), which is where the most banding activity has taken place due to the study nests being located in this area. Three banded Salvin s Mollymawks were recorded, two adults on nests and one away from a nest where breeding status could not be determined. The details of band recoveries are provided in Appendix 1. Table 4. Number of band recoveries of Chatham Island Mollymawk on Te Tara Koi Koia 2001-2016. Year Band recoveries 2001 209 2007 71 2008 276 2009 241 2010 304 2016 310 Table 5. Location of band recoveries Chatham Island Mollymawk on Te Tara Koi Koia 2016. Area Area code Number of recoveries Cave G 14 Camp Slope and Flat A+B+E 175 Western Ledges I 13 South Basin F 3 Bells Ledge D 1 Main Slope M+N 42 Yellow Spur O 4 Moriori Ledge K+L 7 Northern Slopes P 35 Round Rock Basin Q Summit Ridge J 13 Inaccessible Basin H The Steeps C 1 Yellow-nosed Basin and Ridge S+R 2 Total 310 8

3.3 Study nests All of the study nests on the Camp Flat and Slopes were checked at least twice daily. Of these, 65 nests had birds breeding in them, containing either an egg or chick. A further 9 marked nests were occupied by birds, but were empty. Four nests were present, but did not appear to be in use, and 38 nests gone (nest tag located glued to the rock, but there was no nest present). Details of study nests are provided in the Appendix 2. 3.4 Fulmar Prions The population of Chatham Island Fulmar Prion Pachyptila crassirostris pyramidalis in the Chatham Island s is estimated at 1,000-5,000 pairs, with birds breeding on Te Tara Koi Koia and Motuhara, although there is no specific population estimate for each island. We found Fulmar Prion to be very common on Te Tara Koi Koia, and feel that the population estimate is low. Birds were found incubating eggs under rocks, in burrows dug in accumulated guano and in mollymawk nests and in caves, often in groups throughout the island. At dusk thousands of birds came ashore. Although we did not carry out a comprehensive survey, we estimate the population on Te Tara Koi Koia alone to be greater than 5000 pairs 4. DISCUSSION This year s population count of Chatham Island Mollymawk on Te Tara Koi Koia is very similar to previous counts. As Tara Koi Koia is the only breeding site of this species further census work is warranted at regular intervals to monitor the population. The number of New Zealand Fur Seals (Arctocephalus fosteri) on Te Tara Koi Koia is increasing and as the seal population increases, seals are expanding up the island. It is particularly noticeable that seals have moved up onto the Camp Flat and Slopes and are extending higher up the Main Slope. Nest sites, including study nests on the Camp Flat and Slope, have been taken over by fur seals and nests destroyed. As the seal population continues to increase this is likely to further impact Chatham Island Mollymawk breeding, and may limit the available breeding habitat and reduce productivity in areas accessible to seals. The breeding timetable of Chatham Island Mollymawk is not well understood but comparison of nest occupancy data from field trips since 1997 has clarified this. During a field trip in late October (Robertson et. al. 2003) hatching had just begun, with only 1% of nests containing chicks. This field trip, in mid-november, found 10% of nests containing small chicks with many eggs just starting to hatch. Field trips in early December (Fraser et. al. 2011) have consistently found that virtually all chicks have hatched. With an estimated 70 day incubation period, egg laying would therefore start during the first week of August and end in the first week of October. Work carried out by the Chatham Island Taiko Trust suggests fledging occurs from the last week of March until the end of April. Chicks are therefore likely to be 140-150 days old when they fledge. 9

Figure 4. The breeding cycle of Chatham Island Mollymawk Consideration should be given to banding further cohorts of chicks to ensure that there continues to be a significant number of known aged birds in the marked population. This work could potentially be done in partnership with the Chatham Island Taiko Trust which is involved in the translocation of Chatham Island Albatross chicks and is investigating undertaking further field trips to Te Tara Koi Koia to look for translocated chicks returning to the source island. The number of Fulmar Prions breeding on Te Tara Koi Koia is likely to be higher than previous estimates. Although no comprehensive survey was carried out, the number of birds seen coming ashore, and the number of birds seen incubating eggs suggests a breeding population of >5,000 pairs. A survey of Fulmar Prion is recommended to determine the population size. 10

5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Te Tara Koi Koia is privately owned by the Daymond Whanau and we are very grateful for their permission to Camp on the island to undertake this research. Thanks to Joss Thomas for helping to arrange access agreements with the Daymond Whanau. Special Thanks to Ruka Lanauze and Bubbles Gregory-Hunt for making their boat available to take us to the island, and to their Skipper Justin Greenbank for transporting us to and from the island. Robin Seymour, Hamish Tuanui, and Josh Lanauze assisted with landings. James Fox recovered the data from the recovered Geolocator. Nathan Guy (Ministry of Primary Industries) provided copies of past field trip reports to compare with this seasons results. Thanks to the Chatham Island Taiko Trust for sharing information on the fledging times of transferred Chatham Island Mollymawk chicks. This project was carried out with funding from the Department of Conservation Marine Threats Team, and we thank Kris Ramm for efficiently managing this. 6. REFERENCES Fraser, M.J., Hunt, S., Scofield, P., and Robertson, C.J.R. 2009. Population Dynamics of the Chatham Mollymawk at The Pyramid, 22 November to 07 December 2008. Unpublished Report prepared for Ministry of Fisheries. Fraser, M.J., Palmer, D., Deppe, L., Scofield, P., Robertson, C.J.R. 2010. Population dynamics of the Chatham Mollymawk at The Pyramid, 20 November- 14 December 2009. Unpublished Report prepared for Ministry of Fisheries. Fraser, M.J., Henderson, G., Robertson, C.J.R., Scofield, P., 2011. Population dynamics of the Chatham Mollymawk at The Pyramid, 19 November- 2 December 2010. Unpublished Report prepared for Ministry of Fisheries. Robertson, C.J.R.; Bell, D.; Scofield, P. 2003. Population Assessment of the Chatham Mollymawk at The Pyramid, December 2001. DOC Science Internal Series 91. Department of Conservation, Wellington. Scofield, P., Fraser, M.J., and Robertson, C.J.R. Population Dynamics of the Chatham Mollymawk at The Pyramid, 19-29 November 2007. Unpublished Report prepared for Ministry of Fisheries. 11

7. APPENDICES Appendix 1. Details of band recoveries. Prefix Band no. Darvic Date Location Area code Breeding status M 42119 Nov-10 Cave G Egg M 42122 Nov-14 Cave G Chick M 42133 Nov-10 Cave G Egg M 42227 Nov-10 Yellow-nosed Basin R M 42230 Nov-10 Cave G Egg M 42255 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg M 42278 Nov-13 Main Slope M Egg M 42316 Nov-09 Cave G Egg M 42319 Nov-09 Cave G Egg M 42320 Nov-10 Cave G Failed nest M 42360 Nov-13 Western Ledges I Egg M 42527 Nov-09 Cave G Egg M 42582 Nov-12 Yellow-nosed Basin S Egg M 42596 Nov-09 Cave G M 42622 Nov-10 Main Slope M Egg M 42634 Nov-10 Yellow Spur O M 42655 Nov-10 Main Slope M Egg M 42671 Nov-10 Main Slope M M 42708 Nov-12 Summit Ridge J Egg M 42709 Nov-10 Summit Ridge J Chick M 42743 Nov-11 Main Slope M Egg M 42756 Nov-12 Main Slope M Egg O 21397 Nov-13 Western Ledges I Egg O 21402 Nov-12 Main Slope M Chick O 21406 Nov-14 Northern Slopes P O 21430 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Egg O 21452 Nov-10 Main Slope M Egg O 21457 Nov-10 Main Slope M Failed nest O 21474 Nov-11 Main Slope M Egg O 21486 Nov-11 Main Slope M Failed nest O 21491 Nov-13 Bells Ledge D O 21498 Nov-13 Main Slope M Egg O 21519 Nov-13 Moriori Ledge L Egg O 21532 Nov-10 South Basin F Egg O 21533 Nov-13 Northern Slopes P Egg O 21538 Nov-13 Moriori Ledge K Egg O 21544 Nov-13 Moriori Ledge L Chick O 21571 Nov-09 Cave G Egg O 21588 Nov-10 Cave G O 21660 Nov-13 Western Ledges I Chick Notes 12

O 21703 Nov-13 Northern Slopes P Egg O 21705 Nov-11 Yellow Spur O Egg O 21711 Nov-13 Western Ledges I Egg O 21722 Nov-13 Western Ledges I Egg O 21739 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Failed nest O 21805 Nov-13 Western Ledges I Egg O 21825 Nov-13 Western Ledges I Chick O 21840 Nov-13 Western Ledges I Failed nest O 21870 Nov-13 The Steeps C Egg O 21900 Nov-14 Moriori Ledge K O 21937 Nov-10 Main Slope M Dead O 21956 Nov-12 Summit Ridge J Egg O 22015 Nov-10 Main Slope M Egg O 22027 Nov-13 Northern Slopes P Egg O 22036 Nov-12 Northern Slopes P Egg O 25112 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Egg O 25129 Nov-12 Main Slope M Failed nest O 25134 Nov-11 Yellow Spur O Failed nest O 25144 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg O 25146 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Egg O 25263 Nov-13 Northern Slopes P Egg O 25366 Nov-10 Western Ledges I Egg O 25392 Nov-10 Main Slope M Egg O 25402 Nov-13 Main Slope M Egg O 25406 Nov-11 Main Slope N Egg O 25414 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Egg O 25427 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Egg O 25437 Nov-13 Northern Slopes P Chick O 25445 Nov-10 Moriori Ledge L Egg O 25454 Nov-14 Northern Slopes P Failed nest O 25462 Nov-10 Main Slope M Egg O 25464 Nov-13 Main Slope M Egg O 25470 Nov-10 Main Slope M Egg O 25480 Nov-13 Western Ledges I Chick O 25494 Nov-13 Yellow Spur O Egg O 25495 Nov-13 Main Slope M Egg O 25501 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Egg O 25507 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg O 25563 Nov-12 Northern Slopes P Chick O 25566 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Egg O 25568 Nov-13 Northern Slopes P Failed nest O 25580 Nov-12 Northern Slopes P Egg O 25598 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Chick O 26373 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Failed nest O 26374 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Chick O 26405 Nov-12 Northern Slopes P Egg 13

O 26418 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Egg O 26430 Nov-12 Northern Slopes P Egg O 26450 Nov-14 Cave G Egg O 26452 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Chick O 26461 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Egg O 26464 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Dead O 26469 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Egg O 26487 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Egg O 26497 Nov-13 Northern Slopes P O 26505 Nov-13 Main Slope M Chick O 26509 Nov-09 Cave G Egg Below Cave O 26515 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Egg O 26516 Nov-13 Northern Slopes P O 26529 Nov-10 Main Slope M Egg O 26548 Nov-13 Northern Slopes P Chick O 26612 Nov-14 Main Slope M Chick O 26650 Nov-13 Main Slope M Egg O 26652 Nov-10 Main Slope M Failed nest O 26656 Nov-10 Main Slope M Egg O 26657 Nov-10 Summit Ridge J Chick O 26664 Nov-13 Main Slope M Failed nest O 26683 Nov-14 Summit Ridge J O 26738 Nov-13 Summit Ridge J Failed nest O 26740 Nov-10 Summit Ridge J Egg O 26748 Nov-12 Moriori Ledge L Egg O 26787 Nov-10 South Basin F Egg O 26790 Nov-12 South Basin F Failed nest O 26792 Nov-14 Moriori Ledge K Egg O 26826 Nov-10 Main Slope M Egg O 26855 Nov-14 Western Ledges I Egg O 26869 Nov-10 Western Ledges I Egg O 26883 Nov-12 Main Slope M Failed nest O 26897 Nov-11 Main Slope M Egg O 26909 Nov-11 Main Slope M Egg O 26911 Nov-12 Main Slope M Egg O 26915 Nov-13 Main Slope M Egg O 26922 Nov-14 Main Slope M Egg O 26933 Nov-11 Northern Slopes P Egg O 26934 Nov-13 Western Ledges I Egg O 26951 Nov-12 Summit Ridge J O 26954 Nov-10 Summit Ridge J Egg O 26958 Nov-13 Summit Ridge J Chick O 26964 Nov-12 Summit Ridge J Egg O 26968 Nov-10 Summit Ridge J Egg O 26978 Nov-14 Summit Ridge J Egg O 26997 Nov-12 Main Slope M Egg 14

O 27002 Nov-13 Main Slope M Empty nest O 27041 Nov-13 Main Slope M Egg O 27052 Nov-13 Main Slope M Egg O 27053 Nov-12 Cave G Failed nest O 27062 Nov-11 Main Slope M Egg O 27068 Nov-10 Main Slope M Chick O 32155 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg O 32446 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg O 33621 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg O 33637 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Egg O 33705 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg O 33719 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Chick O 33724 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Failed nest O 33748 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Chick O 33760 B01 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Dead O 33769 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg O 33796 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg O 33808 Nov-13 Camp A+B+E Egg O 33821 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Empty nest O 33822 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg O 33825 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg O 33844 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg O 33865 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Empty nest O 33883 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg O 33901 Nov-13 Camp A+B+E O 33905 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg O 33911 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Empty nest Band removed O 33912 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E O 33913 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E O 33920 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg Geolocator Removed O 33968 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Chick Paired with C39 A05 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E Chick A06 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg A08 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg A12 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Egg A14 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E Failed nest A15 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Chick A16 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Egg A20 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Chick A23 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Egg A29 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Egg A30 Nov-13 Camp A+B+E Egg A31 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg A33 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg A36 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg A37 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Chick 15

A48 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E Egg A51 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E Chick A54 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg A55 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg A56 Nov-14 Camp A+B+E A60 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg A66 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Chick A68 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg A72 Nov-13 Camp A+B+E Egg A75 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Empty nest A76 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Chick A80 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg A81 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Empty nest A90 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg A92 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg Paired with E50 A93 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Empty nest A97 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg A99 Nov-13 Camp A+B+E Egg B04 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Empty nest B09 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg B10 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg B13 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Chick B15 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Chick B20 Nov-13 Camp A+B+E B21 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg B22 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Empty nest Paired with E39 B26 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg B29 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E B32 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg B37 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg B41 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Empty nest B43 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Egg B44 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg B45 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg B46 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg B47 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg B49 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg B50 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Failed nest B53 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg B56 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg B59 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg B65 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg B66 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E B67 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Failed nest B79 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Failed nest B82 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg 16

B85 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg B86 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg B89 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Chick B93 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg B94 Nov-13 Camp A+B+E Egg B95 Nov-13 Camp A+B+E Failed nest C02 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C03 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Failed nest C05 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C06 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C08 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Empty nest C25 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Chick C26 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E Chick C27 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C28 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Egg C32 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Egg C39 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Chick Paired with O33968 C40 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Chick C41 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg C42 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C43 Nov-13 Camp A+B+E Egg C44 Nov-14 Camp A+B+E Egg C45 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg C47 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E C48 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C49 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E Egg C50 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Empty nest C52 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E Egg C53 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C54 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E Egg C58 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E Egg C59 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Chick C61 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C63 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg C67 Nov-13 Camp A+B+E Egg C69 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Chick C73 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Failed egg C74 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C75 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C76 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Chick C77 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Egg C79 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C82 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C84 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg C85 Nov-14 Camp A+B+E C86 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg 17

C88 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Chick C89 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg C91 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E Egg C92 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg C97 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C98 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg C99 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg E02 Nov-14 Camp A+B+E E04 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Egg E05 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg E06 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg E07 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg E08 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg E09 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Chick E10 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Chick E11 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Egg E14 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg E15 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Egg E17 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg E18 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg E19 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg E20 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg E22 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Egg E24 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg E26 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Empty nest E29 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Chick E31 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E Chick E32 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg E33 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg E34 Nov-14 Camp A+B+E Failed nest E39 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Failed nest Paired with B22 E40 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg E41 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Empty nest E42 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Chick E44 Nov-12 Camp A+B+E Chick E45 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E Chick E47 Nov-10 Camp A+B+E Chick E48 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg E49 Nov-14 Camp A+B+E Failed nest E50 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg Paired with A92 Loose bands found Open/unused band on M 42242 Nov-11 Main Slope M ground O 25443 Nov-14 Camp A+B+E Closed band loose in nest B23 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E 1/2 darvic on ground B52 Nov-11 Camp A+B+E 1/2 darvic on ground 18

Salvin s Mollymawk recoveries O 32416 Nov-13 South Basin F Salvin s Mollymawk O 33709 Nov-10 South Basin F Egg Salvin s Mollymawk E30 Nov-09 Camp A+B+E Egg Salvin s Mollymawk 19

Appendix 2. Details of study nests on Camp Flat and Slopes. Nest no. Breeding status Bird 1 Bird 2 Notes 2 Nest gone 7 Nest gone 8 Failed B67 11 Egg C48 12 Empty 14 Egg B31 A48 16 Chick O33719 17 Empty A75 18 Nest gone 19 Not used Not used 20 Egg Unbanded Unbanded 21 Nest gone 22 Egg O32155 23 Egg Unbanded Unbanded 24 Egg 33708 Unbanded 25 Nest gone 26 Nest gone 27 Egg E18 Unbanded 28 Not used Not used 29 Egg E20 30 Egg E19 C52 31 Nest gone 34 Nest gone 35 Nest gone 36 Nest gone 37 Not used Not used 38 Egg O33905 B86 40 Egg Unbanded B15 41 Egg E08 C84 42 Nest gone 44 Nest gone 46 Nest gone 47 Nest gone 48 Nest gone 49 Nest gone 51 Chick A68 A51 52 Egg O033844 53 Egg A92 55 Chick A66 59 Nest gone 60 Egg E05 61 Egg B93 C44 62 Nest gone 20

63 Egg C59 O33796 65 Nest gone 66 Egg Unbanded 67 Egg C27 69 Egg C53 B94 70 Egg Unbanded E06 71 Egg O33883 72 Nest gone 75 Nest gone 200 Nest gone 201 Chick B85 Unbanded 202 Failed 203 Nest gone 204 Nest gone 205 Failed A14 206 Egg M42255 A16 207 Chick A15 E45 209 Nest gone 211 Egg and chick C79 E29 Chick hatched 10/11 212 Chick Unbanded 213 Egg C05 Unbanded 215 Egg Unbanded Unbanded 216 Egg C06 Unbanded 217 Egg Unbanded E14 218 Egg C75 B46 219 Empty C08 B95 220 Egg Unbanded Unbanded 221 Egg Unbanded 223 Nest gone 225 Nest gone 227 Egg Unbanded 242 Empty Unbanded 245 Nest gone 246 Nest gone 247 Nest gone 248 Empty B04 249 Nest gone 250 Egg B45 Unbanded 251 Egg Unbanded E22 255 A30 Nest gone 256 Nest gone 257 Nest gone 258 Egg Unbanded Unbanded 262 Egg A34 Unbanded 266 Egg B49 O33621 268 Egg Unbanded 21

269 Egg C61 E17 270 Egg E33 Unbanded 271 Nest gone 272 Failed Unbanded Unbanded 273 Egg C07 277 Chick B13 E44 280 Nest gone 281 Nest gone 283 Failed 285 Not used Not used 289 Tag loose on slope 290 Egg C82 295 Egg Unbanded 301 Egg E48 Unbanded 303 Not used O33911 Unbanded Band so opened it was removed 305 Egg Unbanded Unbanded 306 Egg E32 C63 351 Nest gone 353 Empty 354 Egg A97 355 Egg Unbanded Green 2 Egg C98 C88 Chick hatched 10/11 Red 3 Egg Unbanded Unbanded Chick hatched 10/11 Green 5 Egg E12 Green 19 Nest gone Green 16 Egg O33822 O25144 Red 7 Egg Unbanded Red 9 Egg Unbanded Green 18 Empty Red 10 Egg C89 Red 11 Empty Green 4 Egg Unbanded Green 1 Egg E04 Unbanded Green 13 Egg Unbanded B26 22