MRCoNS : .Duplex-PCR.

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Transcription:

- ( ) - * (MRCoNS) : Vancomycin Resistant Coagulase Negative ) VRCoNS. (Vancomycin Intermediate Coagulase Negative Staphylococci) VICoNS (Staphylococci Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase ) MRCoNS.. VRCoNS VICoNS (Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) :. Real-time PCR E-test :. E-test :..Duplex-PCR : CoNS. ( ). vanb vana PCR MRCoNS :. : // : -// : E-mail: mr_nafisi@yahoo.com *

/ /.(-). CoNS - -..( ) CoNS. CoNS.. CoNS.() CoNS. (Coagulase Negative StaphylococciCoNS).()...( ) Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Negative) (StaphylococciMRCoNS. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ).() (,MRSA..()

/.() Tiwary Determination of ) (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC (MIC) AB BIODISK, Solna, ) E-test. (Sweden / /. (NaCl) E-test.. -. (µg/ml) ( µg/ml) ( µg/ml) :) -) ( µg/ml) :.( µg/ml) ( (ATCC 29213) (ATCC 43300) (A256) (ATCC 29212). Real-time PCR ) Magnesil DNA nuc. (.. Taqman Real-time PCR - ( CSF ) (CoNS). DNase. (-) ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( Kirby-Bauer ( ). CLSI..() CLSI NCCLS. Agar screen.() (Brain Heart InfusionBHI) -

/ / (ATCC 12228) /.() (ATCC 43300) / ( ) (2x) master mix. / () (PM) Real-time PCR meca PCR.(). (ATCC 29213) (ATCC 43300) meca..() () (5 PM) / ( )(50mM) MgCl2. DNA / Real-time rotary : (Rotor- Gene 3000) analyzer 60 C ( ) 95 C.. Real-time PCR nuc meca ( () ( ) nuc 5 CAAAGCATCAAAAAGGTGTAGAGA3 nuc For 5 TTCAATTTTCTTTGCATTTTCTACCA3 nuc Rev 5 FAMa 5 TTTTCGTAAATGCACTTGCTTCAGGACCA3 nuc Probe meca 5 GGCAATATTACCGCACCTCA3 meca For 5 GTCTGCCACTTTCTCCTTGT3 meca Rev 5 FAMa 5 AGATCTTATGCAAACTTAATTGGCAAATCC3 meca Probe / ()( ) DNA / PCR. DNA ( ) ASTECT C : C C 95 C. C duplex PCR duplex PCR vana 16S rrna. PCR () PCR.( ) PCR / ()(2x) / ()() vana MgCl2 16S rrna

/ 16S rrna. Duplex PCR 16S rrna vanb vana DNA vana ( () ( ) 5 CATGAATAGAATAAAAGTTGCAATA3 5 CCCCTTTAACGCTAATACGACGATCAA3 5 GTGACAAACCGGAGGCGAGGA3 5 CCGCCATCCTCCTGCAAAAAA3 5 GGA ATT CAA ATG AAT TGA CGG GGG3 5 CGG GAT CCC AGG CCC GGG ACC GTA TTC AC3 vana vana For vana Rev vanb vanb For vanb Rev 16S rrna 16S rrna For 16S rrna Rev ( ) ( ( /) /) ( /) ( /) ( ( /) ( ) ( /) /). ( ) MIC.(MIC 4 µg/ml) MIC / MIC (MIC 4µg/ml) MIC MRCoNS BHI.. / ) E-test meca ( vana. vanb (ATCC 29212) (A256). duplex PCR vanb 16S rrna vanb. duplex PCR.( ). PCR (ATCC29212) (V583). -. nuc.. nuc.() /) ( ) :

/ /. ( ). ( ) MRCoNS MIC (Real-time PCR) meca (E-test).. ( ). ( ).( ).( )...() CoNS. ( /). ( ) /.() / /) /) ( /) (.() ( /) (. ) (.() CoNS.. MRCoNS ( /).().() /

/ PCR meca. vanc vanb vana.() MRCoNS..() MRCoNS.. -..(). vana..() E-test ( ).. vanb vana. MRCoNS. meca MRCoNS vanb vana /.() PCR References: 1.Piette A, Verschraegen G. Role of coagulasenegative staphylococci in human disease. Vet Microbiol 2009; 134: 45-54. 2.Rupp ME, Archer GL. Coagulase-negative staphylococci: pathogens associated with medical progress. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 19: 231-43. 3.Hiramatsu K. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a new model of antibiotic resistance. Lancet Infect Dis 2001; 1: 147-55. 4.Appelbaum PC. The emergence of vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycinresistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12: 16-23. 5.Wang Z, Cao B, Liu YM, et al. Investigation of the prevalence of patients co-colonized or infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycinresistant enterococci in China: a hospitalbased study. Chin Med J 2009; 122: 1283-8. 6.Oliveira AD, d'azevedo PA, de Sousa LB, et al. Laboratory detection methods for methicillin resistance in coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolated from ophthalmic infections. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2007; 70: 667-75. 7.de Lencastre H, Oliveira D, Tomasz A. Antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a paradigm of adaptive power. Curr Opin Microbiol 2007; : 428-35. 8.Diep BA, Carleton HA, Chang RF, et al. Roles of 34 virulence genes in the evolution of hospital- and community-associated strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus

/ / aureus. J infect Dis 2006; 193: 1495-503. 9.Wayne PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. 9th ed. CLSI; 2006..Tiwari HK, Sen MR. Emergence of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) from a tertiary care hospital from northern part of India. BMC infect dis 2006; 6:156 11.McDonald RR, Antonishyn NA, Hansen T, et al. Development of a triplex real-time PCR assay for detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin genes in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 6147-9. 12.Nafisi MR, Kalhor H, Zamanzad B, et al. Comparison of agar screen and duplex-pcr in determination of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from nose of personnel in Hajar hospital of Shahre-kord 2007. J Arak Uni Med Sci 2008; 11: 94-1. 13.Mamishi S, Pourakbari B, Ashtiani MH, et al. Frequency of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections at Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran, 1996-2000. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005; 26: 373-9. 14.Ghotaslo R, Ghorashi S, Mohammadpoor A. Evaluation of the antibiotic susceptibility of coagulase negative staphylococci in children. J Lorestan Uni Med Sci 2007; 9: 3-. 15.Shajari G, Khorshidi A, Moosavi G. Bacterial isolation and antibiotic resistance of nosocomial pneumonia in hospitalaized patients - Kashan, Iran. Hormozgan Med J 2009; 13: 197-205. 16.Chitsaz M. Frequency of Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Clinical Isolates of Four Tehran University Hospitals and Their Susceptibility to 22 Other Antibiotics. Med Daneshvar 2006; 13: 13-22. 17.Sepehri S. Methicillin-resistant in coagulasenegative staphylococci [dissertation]. School of Pharmacy: Tehran Uni Med Sci., 2000. 18.Jamshidian M. methicillin resistance in staphylicoccus strains isolated from clinical samples in Ahwaz. Med J Tabriz Uni 2001; 35: 29-33. 19.Stephani S, Varaldo PE. Update Epidemiology of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci in Europe. Clin Microbial Infect 2003; 9: 1179-86. 20.Diekema DJ, Pfaller MA, Schmitz FJ, et al. Survey of Infection Due to Staphylociccus species. Frequency of occurance and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in the United States,Cnada, Latin America, Europe, and the Western Pacific Region for the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program, 1997-1999. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 21: 114-32. 21.Muller A, Maumy F, Bertin M, et al. Relationship between spread of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobial use in a French university hospital. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36: 971-78. 22.Japoni A, Alborzi A, Rasouli M, et al. Modification DNA extraction for rapid PCR detection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. Iran Biomed J 2004; 8: 161-5. 23.Courvalin P. Vancomycin resistance in gram-positive cocci. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42: S25-34. 24.Willems RJ, Top J, van Santen M, et al. Global spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium from distinct nosocomial genetic complex. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11: 821-8. 25.Palazzo IC, Araujo ML, Darini AL. First reaport of vancomycin-resistant staphylococci isolated from healthy carriers in brazil. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 179-85.