STATUS OF THE DUCK INDUSTRY IN 2012 AND PROSPECTS FOR 2013 SUMMARY There were 9 meat duck breeding companies with a total of 20 farms in operation in Peninsular Malaysia in 2012. The breeds used were Cherry Valley, Pekin and Muscovy. A total of 27.10 million day-old ducklings were produced in 2012 and are estimated to be 32.75 million ducklings for 2013. Ex-farm prices of day-old ducklings is between RM2.00 to RM2.80 per bird depending on the breed. The production of meat duck in 2012 was 20.94 million ducks and is forecasted to be 24.43 million ducks in 2013. The ex-farm prices of Cherry Valley in 2012 were about RM3.80 RM4.80 a kilogram live weight. The average cost of production was RM4.32/kg. 1. SURVEY METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION The survey of meat duck breeding farms and hatcheries were conducted during the months of July, August and September 2012. During the survey, data and information of the followings were collected. i. Existing parent stock standing population ii. Placement schedules of new parent stock iii. Age at depletion of flocks iv. Age at point of lay of flocks v. Age at 5% to 10% egg productions vi. Mortality at growing and laying stages vii. Average hatchability viii. Percentage of ducklings graded out ix. Saleable ducklings per hen house 2. BREEDER FARMS 2.1 Number of Breeding Companies There were 9 meat duck breeding companies with a total of 20 farms in operation in 2012. The distribution of the companies and farms is tabulated below (Table 1). 2.2 Holding Stock Capacity Holding stock of breeders by breeding companies ranged from the smallest of about 1,970 birds to the largest of more than 40,000 birds (Table 2). 1
Table 1: Number of Meat Duck Breeding Companies in 2012 State No. of No. of Companies Farms Johor 4 10 Malacca 0 0 Negeri Sembilan 0 0 Selangor 1 1 Perak 2 5 Penang 2 4 Kedah 0 0 Perlis 0 0 Kelantan 0 0 Terengganu 0 0 Pahang 0 0 Total 9 20 Table 3: Production Capacity of Meat Duck Breeding Companies Annual Production Number of Capacity Breeding (Million Day-Old Companies Ducklings) < 1 million 1 1 - < 2 million 4 2 - < 4 million 1 4 - < 6 million 1 6 - < 10 million 2 Total 9 Table 2: Holding Stock Capacity Number of Breeders ( 000 birds) 2.3 Production Capacity The annual production capacity of day-old ducklings by the smallest and the largest company was about 0.05 million birds and 6.90 million birds respectively. The breakdown of production capacity of the breeding companies is shown in Table 3. Table 4: Standing Population of Parent Stock Region 2012 Northern 46,956 Central 57,297 Southern 52,316 Total 156,569 Number of Companies 1 - < 10 2 10 - < 20 3 20 - < 30 3 30 - < 40 0 40 - < 50 1 50 - < 60 0 60 - < 70 0 3. MEAT DUCK PARENT STOCK 3.1. Breeds Three breeds are in the market. The breeds are Cherry Valley, Pekin and Muscovy. 3.2. Standing Population The total standing female parent stock population as of July in 2012 was 156,569 birds. The breakdown of parent stock by region is as in Table 4. Cherry Valley and local crosses are the principal breeds used by 8 of the 9 breeding companies as shown in Table 6 and accounted for 82.15% of the total population (Table 5). 2
Table 5: Standing Population of Parent Stock According to Breeds Breed 2010 2011 2012 2013* (forecast) Cherry Valley 110,426 139,119 51,186 70,546 Pekin 27,569 31,183 25,986 23,742 Muscovy 6,715 1,894 1,970 2,620 Local crosses 65,856 42,606 77,427 96,671 Total 210,566 214,802 156,569 193,579 3.3 Placement of Day-old Female Parent Stock 3.3.1 Number of Placement and Source A total of 203,866 day-old female parent stocks were emplaced in 2012, an increase of 8.51% as compared to the previous year (Table 7). About 45.25% of the replacement stocks were sourced locally. The imported stocks were from the United Kingdom, France and Taiwan. Table 6: Use of Breed by Breeder Companies Breeds No. of Companies Cherry Valley 5 Pekin 1 Muscovy 1 Local crosses 3 4. SUPPLY OF DAY-OLD DUCKLINGS IN 2012 4.1 Production of Day-old Ducklings The total day-old ducklings production was 27,097,314 birds, a decrease of 19.30% compared to 2011 (Table 8). About 40 percent of the supply was from the Northern region (Table 9). Table 8: Day-old Ducklings Production 2010 2011 2012 Production (million birds) 2013* (Forecast) 30.04 33.58 27.10 32.75 Table 7: Annual Placements of Day-old Female Parent Stock Table 9: Supply of Day-Old Ducklings by Region 2012 (%) Country of Origin 2010 2011 2012 2013* (Forecast) Region 2012 Northern 40 United Kingdom 24,920 91,623 67,050 46,600 Central 28 France 0 991 2,773 900 Southern 32 Taiwan 0 0 23,888 15,170 Malaysia 176,818 95,257 92,245 77,950 Total 201,738 187,871 203,866 142,460 3
4.2. Prices of Day-old Ducklings Day-old ducklings were sold at prices between RM2.00 to RM2.80 per bird. The exfarm prices varied between breeds. The prices were RM2.00 to RM2.40 per duckling for Cherry Valley and Pekin and RM2.80 for Muscovy (Table 11 and 12). Table 11: Ex-Farm Prices of Day-old Ducklings 5. SUPPLY OF MEAT DUCK IN 2012 5.1. Production of Meat Duck The total production of meat duck for year 2012 was 20,937,569 birds, a decrease of 31.72% over the preceding year (Table 13). The weekly production was in the range between 0.45 million to 0.50 million birds (Table 10) Table 12: Cherry Valley and Pekin (RM) Muscovy (RM) 2009 2.30 2.80 3.00 2010 2.00 2.80 3.00 2011 2.00 2.80 2.80 2012 2.00 2.40 2.80 Month Monthly Prices of Day-Old Ducklings (Cherry Valley) Price (RM/Duckling) January 2.10 February 2.10 March 2.00 April 2.00 May 2.00 June 2.00 July 2.10 August 2.10 September 2.00 October 2.00 November 2.00 December 2.10 5.2 Ex-farm Prices The prices varied between breeds. The price of Cherry Valley and Pekin was RM3.75 to RM5.00 per kilogram while the price for Muscovy was RM7.00 per kilogram for both male and female ducks (Table 14 and 15). Table 13: Meat Duck Production Production (million birds) Table 14: Ex-farm Prices of Meat Duck (Cherry Valley) Table 15: Ex-farm Prices of Meat Duck 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cherry Valley & Pekin Muscovy 2009 5.90 6.20 6.00 2010 6.06 6.13 7.00 2011 5.85 6.00 7.00 2012 3.75 5.00 7.00 2013* (Forecast) 28.15 28.25 30.67 20.94 24.43 Month Price (RM/Kg) January 4.60 February 4.60 March 4.50 April 4.50 May 4.50 June 4.60 July 4.60 August 4.60 September 4.60 October 4.60 November 4.60 December 4.70 4
5.3 Cost of Production The average cost of production for 2012 was RM4.32/kg. Table 17: The Production of Day-Old Ducklings by Region 6. DAY-OLD DUCKLINGS PRODUCTION FORECAST FOR 2013 The total day-old ducklings production for 2013 is projected to be about 32.75 million birds, an increase of about 20.85% over the previous year (Table 16). The weekly production will range from 0.56 million to 0.74 million birds and 73.44% of the supply will be from breeders in the Northern and Southern region (Table 17). 7. MEAT DUCK PRODUCTION FORECAST FOR 2013 The total production of meat duck is projected to be about 24.43 million birds, an increase of 16.67% over the previous year. The weekly production will be about 0.39 million to 0.70 million birds as shown in Table 16. 9. EXPORT AND IMPORT OF DUCKLING AND DUCK MEAT There were no reports on export of duckling and duck meat in 2012. Table 19: Export of Duck Meat 2008/2009 2010/2011 2012 Quantity 290.81 0 0 (metric ton) Note: Export permit issued by DVS Region 2013 Northern 41.02 Central 26.66 Southern 32.32 8. EXPORT OF LIVE MEAT DUCK Export of live meat ducks to Singapore was 5,962,883 birds, a decrease of 1.67% as compared to the previous year (Table 18). Table 18: Export of Live Meat Duck Number (Million Birds) 2005 6.54 2006 5.35 2007 6.94 2008 6.44 2009 5.93 2010 6.38 2011 6.00 2012 5.90 Note: Export permit issued by DVS 10. IMPORT AND EXPORT OF DUCK FEATHERS In 2012, a total of 2,547.78 metric tons of duck feathers were imported mainly from Singapore, Taiwan and China. Export of duck feathers amounted to 1,669.73 metric tons. (Table 20 and Table 21) 5
Table 20: Import of Duck Feathers Table 21: Export of Duck Feathers 2009 2010 2011 2012 Quantity (metric 109.76 161.08 1,414.50 2,547.78 ton) Note: Import permit issued by DVS 2009 2010 2011 2012 Quantity (metric ton) 668.83 919.93 1,711.81 1,669.73 Note: Export permit issued by DVS Table 22: Distribution of Meat Duck Farms States Number of Farm Johor 34 Malacca 8 N. Sembilan 0 Selangor 9 Perak 103 Penang 9 Kedah 1 Perlis 0 Pahang 8 Terengganu 0 Kelantan 6 Sarawak 25 Sabah 17 Total 220 11. MEAT DUCK FARMS In 2012, there are about 220 commercial meat duck farms. The location of the farms is tabulated in Table 22 and 46.82% of the farms are located in Perak. 13. SCENARIO IN 2013 The demand for domestic Cherry Valley and Pekin meat duck is forecasted to be good but the production of Muscovy ducks will remain low. It is also forecasted in 2013, the production of meat ducks will continue to decrease unless there is an increase in the exfarm price. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors wish to thank Datuk Dr. Abdul Aziz bin Jamaluddin, Director-General of the Department of Veterinary Services, Malaysia for his permission to publish this report. The kind co-operation and assistance from the officers of the Head-quarters and State Department of Veterinary Services as well as the Management of all the Duck Breeding Companies in the survey are gratefully acknowledged. 12. CLOSED - HOUSE FARM There are only four closed-house duck breeding farms in Malaysia in 2012 situated in the northern region. 6
Table 10: Production of Day- Old Ducklings and Meat Duck in 2012 (Revised) Date end Weekly Output Weekly Output of week of DOD of Meat Duck 7-Jan-12 563,074 522,530 14-Jan-12 535,462 537,522 21-Jan-12 528,569 546,969 28-Jan-12 524,717 541,368 4-Feb-12 543,594 534,727 11-Feb-12 553,297 549,321 18-Feb-12 559,132 578,964 25-Feb-12 563,331 595,259 3-Mar-12 558,686 582,474 10-Mar-12 563,186 585,686 17-Mar-12 562,563 590,124 24-Mar-12 564,652 529,290 31-Mar-12 562,453 503,334 7-Apr-12 561,376 496,855 14-Apr-12 559,540 493,234 21-Apr-12 547,991 510,978 28-Apr-12 550,172 520,099 5-May-12 562,622 525,584 12-May-12 524,476 529,531 19-May-12 529,304 525,165 26-May-12 540,466 529,395 2-Jun-12 556,080 528,809 9-Jun-12 572,310 530,773 16-Jun-12 577,377 528,706 23-Jun-12 568,841 527,693 30-Jun-12 561,686 525,968 7-Jul-12 564,501 515,112 14-Jul-12 572,600 517,162 21-Jul-12 558,789 528,865 28-Jul-12 566,545 493,007 4-Aug-12 573,180 497,546 11-Aug-12 562,759 508,038 18-Aug-12 537,780 522,715 25-Aug-12 518,274 537,971 1-Sep-12 511,386 542,734 8-Sep-12 482,141 534,711 15-Sep-12 477,448 527,985 22-Sep-12 486,613 530,631 29-Sep-12 487,284 538,244 6-Oct-12 488,354 525,262 13-Oct-12 491,399 532,552 20-Oct-12 452,631 538,789 27-Oct-12 451,541 528,993 3-Nov-12 442,776 505,513 10-Nov-12 438,678 487,178 17-Nov-12 445,478 480,703 24-Nov-12 447,475 453,213 1-Dec-12 450,467 448,801 8-Dec-12 432,802 457,416 15-Dec-12 434,543 458,047 22-Dec-12 413,763 459,053 29-Dec-12 413,150 461,915 TOTAL 27,097,314 20,937,569 7
Table 16: Forecast Production of Day-Old Ducklings and Meat Duck for 2013 Date end Weekly Output Weekly Output of week of DOD of Meat Duck 7-Jan-13 682,223 425,473 14-Jan-13 659,719 424,449 21-Jan-13 610,165 416,209 28-Jan-13 624,787 412,357 4-Feb-13 629,094 418,749 11-Feb-13 639,354 420,627 18-Feb-13 658,894 423,439 25-Feb-13 678,553 406,834 4-Mar-13 744,639 408,470 11-Mar-13 688,025 388,937 18-Mar-13 690,617 388,361 25-Mar-13 692,180 641,290 1-Apr-13 694,128 620,136 8-Apr-13 666,664 573,555 15-Apr-13 662,859 587,300 22-Apr-13 663,476 591,348 29-Apr-13 658,908 600,993 6-May-13 655,347 619,360 13-May-13 616,796 637,840 20-May-13 607,727 699,961 27-May-13 617,965 646,744 3-Jun-13 635,030 649,180 10-Jun-13 640,855 652,480 17-Jun-13 657,035 626,664 24-Jun-13 629,386 623,087 1-Jul-13 642,423 623,667 8-Jul-13 647,448 619,374 15-Jul-13 663,101 616,026 22-Jul-13 649,186 579,788 29-Jul-13 622,136 571,263 5-Aug-13 621,628 580,887 12-Aug-13 607,975 596,928 19-Aug-13 602,844 602,404 26-Aug-13 602,814 617,613 2-Sep-13 593,303 591,623 9-Sep-13 578,378 603,878 16-Sep-13 564,008 608,601 23-Sep-13 571,165 623,315 30-Sep-13 577,140 610,235 7-Oct-13 586,038 584,808 14-Oct-13 577,155 584,330 21-Oct-13 572,197 571,497 28-Oct-13 583,490 566,673 4-Nov-13 594,246 566,645 11-Nov-13 587,432 557,705 18-Nov-13 584,515 543,675 25-Nov-13 601,575 530,168 2-Dec-13 632,512 536,895 9-Dec-13 633,919 542,512 16-Dec-13 614,954 550,876 23-Dec-13 617,409 542,526 30-Dec-13 617,274 537,865 TOTAL 32,750,691 24,431,714 8