REGIONAL MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SEA TURTLE FORAGING HABITATS IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN WATERS - OCTOBER 0 AnCasa Hotel & Spa Kuala Lumpur IDENTIFICATION OF NATAL ORIGIN SEA TURTLES AT BRUNEI BAY / LAWAS FORAGING HABITATS WAHIDAH MOHD ARSHAAD, NOORUL AZLIANA, SYED ABDULLAH SYED ABDUL KADIR & MASAYA KATOH SEAFDEC/MFRDMD KUALA TERENGGANU TUMEC RANTAU ABANG, DUNGUN. INTRODUCTION Migration of sea turtles to their respective dispersed breeding sites provides a complex pattern of migratory connectivity among nesting and feeding habitats. This pattern is important to understand where the persistence of populations in under threat from anthropogenic impacts. It was hypothesized that large and geographically proximate breeding populations would be dominate at nearby feeding grounds. Each such foraging population can be referred to as a mixed stock. OBJECTIVE To Identification of Natal Origin of Sea Turtles at Brunei Bay / Lawas, Sarawak Foraging Habitats. METHOD
Sampling Method Using netting. meter long called Balat installed during the high tide and harvest during low tight. Samples detail Date of sampling = 8 Jan 0 & - Mac 0 No. of samples = 8 (all green turtles) Turtles size = 8 0 cm (CCL) - cm (CCW) - kg (Weight) Samples Analysis DNA was extracted from skin tissue PCR mtdna DNA control region - primer LTEi and H0 Sequenced PCR product by automated sequencer. Statistical analysis - Aligned sequences (Clustal X/W). - Blast with GenBank database for similar sequences. - Mixed Stock Analyis (BAYES, Bayesian Stock- Mixture Analysis Program, Masuda & Pella 00). RESULT AND DISCUSSION Thamee Hla Coco Minh Chau Philiphines Turtle s APO Reef National Park Con Dao Brunei Panikian Beach Redang Sabah Turtle Sarawak Turtle Derawan/Sangalaki/Panjang s Figure : Sampling location of nesting sea turtles ( sites) under JTF IV program 00-00.
Table : Haplotype frequencies of nesting green sea turtles under JTF IV Program. No. Country Region Location A A A6 B C C C Brunei Brunei(Bay Muara Indonesia Berau Derawan( Panjang( Berau( Sangalaki( Malaysia Penins(Msia Redang( 6 Sarawak Sarawak(TI Sulu(Sea Sabah(TI 8 Myanmar Yangon Coco( Thamee(Hla( 8 0 Philippines Philippines APO(Reef(NP Sulu(Sea Phil.(TI 0 Vietnam Ben(Tre Con(Dao( Guang(Ninh Minh(Chau 6 Grand>Total Figure : Neighbour-joining tree of Kimura -parameter distance for green turtle haplotypes based on mtdna control region sequences, using the hawksbill haplotype as an outgroup. Table : Haplotypes frequencies of nesting green sea turtles in the Southeast Asian and Australasian regions (Dethmers et al. 006, Kittiwattanawong et al. 00, & Wahidah et al. 008). Haplotype C C C D 8 8 Grand> M M P P R Total 6 0 Clade V Clade IV Figure : Network analysis shown mutation site of green sea turtle haplotypes in Southeast Asia and Australasian. Clade III Clade II Clade I Table : Haplotypes frequencies by nesting stocks (management unit) green sea turtles in Southeast Asian and Australasian regions.
Thamee Hla Minh Chau Coco Huyong Khram Con Dao Redang Philiphines Turtle s Sabah Turtle Sipadan Derawan Sarawak Turtle s Sangalaki Enu Pengumbahan Figure : Location of genetically distinct nesting stocks or management units in Southeast Asian region (Exact test of sample differentiation based on haplotype frequencies Raymond M. and F. Rousset. ). Figure : Location of nesting stocks or management units green sea turtles in Southeast Asian and Australasian regions. GREEN SEA TURTLES RESULT DNA ANALYSIS OF SEA TURTLES SAMPLED AT LAWAS FORAGING HABITATS Table : Estimated proportional nesting stocks contribution to the Brunei Bay / Lawas foraging habitat using Mixed Stock Analysis Table : Frequencies mtdna haplotypes of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at Brunei Bay / Lawas foraging habitats. Country Region Location Year Malaysia Brunei Bay Known Haplotype Novel Haplotype A C C C C D L Grand Total Lawas 0 8 Country Nesting Stock Mean. %. % Australia NW Self 0.00 0.0000 0.00 Coral Sea 0.00 0.0000 0.08 NGBR 0.008 0.0000 0.00 SGBR 0.008 0.0000 0.0 New Caled. 0.00 0.0000 0.0 Ashmore Reef 0.00 0.0000 0.06 Scott Reef 0.00 0.0000 0.06 GOC 0.00 0.0000 0.0 Indonesia Aru 0.06 0.0000 0.6 Berau 0.008 0.0000 0.068 Berau 0.0 0.0000 0.8 W Java 0.0 0.0000 0.6 Malaysia Penins Msia 0.06 0.0000 0.8 Sarawak 0. 0.0000 0.680 SE Sabah 0.0 0.0000 0.686 Malaysia/Philippines Sulu Sea 0.0 0.0000 0.6 Micronesia Micronesia 0.00 0.0000 0.068 Myanmar Yangon 0.0 0.0000 0.8 Papua New Guine PNG 0.00 0.0000 0.0 Thailand Thai 0.000 0.0000 0.0 Vietnam Viet 0.008 0.0000 0.06 Highlighted values were stocks contributors. The.% and.% values indicate the upper and lower bounds of the % confidence interval.
Mixed Stock Analysis (MSA) estimated: Brunei Bay / Lawas foraging habitat potential nesting stocks contributed by: % Sulu Sea (Phi. TI & Sabah TI), % Sarawak TI, % Sipadan, % Berau (Sangalaki ), % Aru, % Yangon (Coco & Thamee Hla ) % Penins Malaysia (Redang & Paka) % West Java (Pengumbahan) CONCLUSION Mixed Stock Analysis (MSA) Identified major contributor nesting stocks for green turtle at Brunei Bay / Lawas foraging habitat were Sulu Sea (Philippines and Sabah Turtle ), Sarawak Turtle and Sipadan. Green turtles at foraging habitat in Lawas was contributed by multi-stocks that originated from nearby and distant nesting stocks in Southeast Asian Waters and Western Pacific region. Conservation and management of sea turtle should include their nesting grounds, migration routes and foraging habitats under international cooperation.