Chapter 2 Part 2 1.3 Explain how the institution of slavery developed in the colonies. 1.4 Describing conflicts among Europeans that occurred regarding the colonies.
Chapter 2 Part 2 The American Colonies Emerge
1 The English Colonies Economic, political, and religious problems cause people to leave England.
2 Roanoke (The Lost Colony) England s first attempt to colonize in North America was at Roanoke Island, VA. After one failed attempt in 1585, Sir Walter Raleigh dispatched a second expedition in 1587. Its captain, John White, sailed back to England for supplies. Upon his return to Roanoke in 1590, White found the settlement empty. The word CROATOAN (a Native American tribe) was carved into a tree. Historians believe that the colonists starved or were either attacked by or joined with local Native American tribes.
3 The Virginia Colony The London Company establishes Jamestown in Virginia. Interested in finding gold. Jamestown has problems 1. poorly planned 2. bad location 3. too busy searching for gold 4. disease and starvation 5. conflict with the Powhatan
4 Jamestown is Saved John Smith brings organization. Powhatans bring food and aid to Jamestown. Show them how to grow corn. John Rolfe grows tobacco and brings financial stability.
War breaks out between colonists and Powhatans John Rolfe marries Pocahontas. She and her father die within two years later. Colonists learn to live on their own and don t need the Powhatans help. Colonists kill a Powhatan leader. In return, they attack and kill many colonists. War goes on for 20 years.
5 Plantation System Begins Tobacco farmers lived on large farms. Headright System Colonist that paid for their own voyage over, received 50 acres of land and 50 more for every person they brought with them. Indentured Servants Planter needed cheap labor. Worked 4 7 years for free. Most died before their service was up.
6 Problems between rich and poor Bacon s Rebellion Poor colonists felt like they were being treated unfairly. Taxed too much and not enough good farm land. Former indentured servants attacked a local American Indian tribe and later burned down Jamestown.
New England Colonies
7 Puritans and Pilgrims Puritans wanted to purify the church of any Catholic traits. They believed the bishops and priests held too much power. Pilgrims wanted to cut ties with the Anglican Church and start their own. Also known as Separatists. Pilgrims moved to Holland where they were accepted. But, moved back to England because their children were losing their English heritage.
8 The Founding of Plymouth Pilgrims were suppose to go to Virginia. The Mayflower landed well north. They decided to stay and create a new charter, the Mayflower Compact. The Mayflower Compact was one of the first attempts at self government and democracy in the English colonies.
Pilgrims and American Indians European fishermen had been in the area before. Disease had wiped out most natives in the area. Squanto gave them useful information about people and places around the area. Pilgrims invite Wampanoag tribe for a feast. (Thanksgiving)
9 Daily Life and Customs Life was centered around family and religion. Farmers grew food for survival, not cash crops. Education was very important. Based around the bible. Parents were held responsible for their children.
10 Church and State in New England In New England, more representative to see to the needs of the people. In Mass., laws were based around the church.
11 Disputes Over Land Biggest issue between colonists and Native Americans. Pequot War- Pequot were massacred. King Philip s War- Metacom tries to push out the English. Over time, the colonist defeated the Native Americans. Native Americans lost control of the New England area.
Middle Colonies
12 Pennsylvania Quaker religion founded by George Fox. Pacifist and religiously tolerant. William Penn wanted to start a colony for the Quakers. Created a government fair for all people. Took care of the poor. Capital was Philadelphia, City of brotherly love.
New Netherland and New Sweden Both countries came for good farm land and fur trade. New Netherland included parts of what today is New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, and Delaware. Peter Minuit bought Manhattan Island from local Native American tribe. Called it New Amsterdam. New Sweden is established along the Delaware River.
13 The Dutch attack and take over the Swedish settlements. French, Dutch, and Swedish settlements all 1. interested in fur trade 2. traded with Native Americans 3. had small number of people
14 The English feel the wedge between their colonies were dangerous. They take control of New Netherland/New Sweden. They rename the colony, New York.
New York and New Jersey Population was very diverse. Fur trade, overseas trade, and grew lots of wheat.