: Online published version of an accepted article before publication in the final form. Journal Name: Journal of Case Reports and Images in Medicine Type of Article: Clinical Images Title: Huge Echinococcal cyst Authors: Antonio L. Aguilar Shea, Cristina Gallardo Mayo doi: To be assigned Early view version published: April 6, 2017 How to cite the article: Shea ALA, Mayo CG. Journal of Case Reports and Images in Medicine. Huge Echinococcal cyst. Forthcoming 2017. Disclaimer: This manuscript has been accepted for publication. This is a pdf file of the. The is an online published version of an accepted article before publication in the final form. The proof of this manuscript will be sent to the authors for corrections after which this manuscript will undergo content check, copyediting/proofreading and content formatting to conform to journal s requirements. Please note that during the above publication processes errors in content or presentation may be discovered which will be rectified during manuscript processing. These errors may affect the contents of this manuscript and final published version of this manuscript may be extensively different in content and layout than this. Page 1 of 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 TYPE OF ARTICLE: Clinical Images TITLE: Huge Echinococcal cyst AUTHORS: Antonio L. Aguilar Shea 1*, MD, PhD; Cristina Gallardo Mayo 2, MD AFFILIATIONS: 1 Family Practice. Centro de Salud Puerta de Madrid. Atención Primaria. Madrid. Spain 2 Anestesiology and Reanimation, Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain CORRESPONDING AUTHOR DETAILS* Dr. Antonio L. Aguilar Shea, MD, PhD Family Practice, E.A.P. Puerta de Madrid, Avda. del Ejército 61, 28802 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain Email: antonio.aguilar@salud.madrid.org Short Running Title: Huge Echinococcal cyst Guarantor of Submission: The corresponding author is the guarantor of submission. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Page 2 of 5
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 TITLE: Huge Echinococcal cyst Case Report A 71 year old man that lives in an urban area presented with a progressive increase of his abdominal volume with diastasis rectus abdominis. CT scan revealed a 15 by 8 cm huge cyst in the VI liver segment that infiltrated and dissected the anterior epigastric wall with muscle affectation, these findings were considered compatible with Echinococcal disease (Figure 1). On the patient s history review it was discovered that in 2005 he had two calcified lesions in the right liver lobule and one in the caudate lobe described as inactive echinococcosis. These calcified lesions were unchanged in CT scans done in 2010 y 2013 (Figure 1). Patient was admitted for surgery due to the risk of rupture, histopathology report confirmed the echinococcal disease. The patient did not have a dog and was not in close contact with any herd animals, so an unknown reinfection or reactivation was suspected. Echinococcal disease is caused by infection with the metacestode stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus. E. granulosus infection is the most frequent and typically affects the liver creating cysts. Symptoms are unusual unless the cysts become large, were the main complication is rupture, which can cause an anaphylactic reaction that could lead to death [1-2]. Diagnosed is usually done by ultrasound or CT scan. Management options for echinococcal cysts include surgery, percutaneous management, drug therapy and observation. Surgery is the treatment of choice for management of complicated cysts, including those over 10 cm like in our case[3-4]. A review in literature revealed similar cases of giant liver echinococcal cysts that were managed surgically with a good outcome [5-7]. Conclusion The case highlights the importance that high index suspicion for echinococcal disease progression should be maintained in patients with previous known hydatid liver cyst. When increased in size, liver echinococcal cysts treatment of choice is surgery. Keywords: hydatid disease, echinococcal cyst, liver, Echinococcus granulosus Page 3 of 5
65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 CONFLICT OF INTEREST No conflicts of interest No external funding AUTHOR S CONTRIBUTIONS Antonio L. Aguilar Shea *, MD, PhD; Group1 - Conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data Group 2 - Drafting the article, Critical revision of the article Group 3 - Final approval of the version to be published Cristina Gallardo Mayo, MD Group 2 - Drafting the article, Critical revision of the article Group 3 - Final approval of the version to be published ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: None REFERENCES 1. Mihmanli M, Idiz UO, Kaya C, Demir U, Bostanci O, Omeroglu S, et al. Current status of diagnosis and treatment of hepatic echinococcosis. World J Hepatol. 2016;8:1169-1181 2. Pakala T, Molina M, Wu GY. Hepatic Echinococcal Cysts: A Review. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2016. 28; 4:39-46. 3. Barosa R, Pinto J, Caldeira A, Pereira E. Modern role of clinical ultrasound in liver abscess and echinococcosis. J Med Ultrason(2001). 2016.[Epub ahead of print]. 4. Arce MA, Limaylla H, Valcarcel M, Garcia HH, Santivañez SJ. Primary Giant Splenic Echinococcal Cyst Treated by Laparoscopy. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016; 94:161-5. 5. Dursun Ali Sahin, Ramazan Kusaslan, Onder Sahin, Osman Nuri Dilek. Huge hydatid cysts that arise from the liver, growing exophytically. Can J Surg. 2007; 50: 301 303. Page 4 of 5
97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 6. Efstathios T. Pavlidis, Nikolaos Symeonidis, Kyriakos Psarras, Theodoros E. Pavlidis. Huge echinococcal cyst of the liver managed by hepatectomy: Report of two cases. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017; 31: 79 82. 7. Giuseppe Maria Ettorre, Giovanni Vennarecci, Roberto Santoro, Andrea Laurenzi, Cecilia Ceribelli, Antonio Di Cintio et al. Giant hydatid cyst of the liver with a retroperitoneal growth: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2012; 6: 298. SUGGESTED READING https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/echinococcosis/ FIGURE LEGEND Figure: CT scan revealing echinococcal cyst change from 2013 to 2016 FIGURE 113 2013 2016 114 115 116 Figure: CT scan revealing echinococcal cyst change from 2013 to 2016 Page 5 of 5