Dr. Mike Short Division of Animal Industry

Dr. Mike Short Division of Animal Industry

Cochliomyia hominivorax Only insect known to consume living tissue of warm- blooded animals Currently endemic in South America and some Caribbean Islands, including Cuba

Female flies only mate once Female flies attracted to blood or odors Eggs laid near wound First instar visible in ~3 days discharge and odor Second instar and third instar ~4-12 days Pupae drops from wound burrows into ground Hatch depends on environmental conditions Mature in 3-5 days to mate

1852: First reports of New World Screwworm 1958: Development of sterile male technique (SIT) 1966: U.S. free of Screwworm 1991: Mexico declared free 2003: Sterile fly facility established in Panama

Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is the only effective strategy for eliminating established NWS fly populations. Affected areas are inundated with sterile male NWS flies. Target is 10:1 ratio of sterile to wild type The females only mate once in their lifetime, so every female that mates with a sterile male has no offspring.

Larvae visible in wound by 3 days May be hundreds present Bloody discharge Foul-smelling odor Depression Off feed Separation Attempt to control discomfort Can be fatal if not treated

Removal of larvae Debridement, if necessary Good hygiene Topical Insecticides Anti-parasitic drugs Avermectins-Injectable, topical Capstar (nitenpyram) others

Contact from biologist at National Key Deer Refuge (September 29, 2016) Severe fly infestation with aggressive myiasis Over 20 deer had been euthanized for myiasis Big Pine Key & No Name Key Original case July 4, 2016 in deer motor vehicle related injury Larvae sample shipped to NVSL high priority investigation

Administered by US Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Key Deer reside on multiple keys ~1000 deer; residing on ~20 keys Reside on refuge and freely wander into urban/residential areas Significant urban/wildlife interface 2016 fawn crop was good and survival was good Fawning season (Mid March Late May)

Deaths (July September 2016) July = 4 August = 7 September = 20 Male = 25 Female = 5 Unknown = 1 4 3 2 1 0 Female Male Unknown Key Deer bucks had started rut by August

Unified Command USDA, FDACS, Monroe County Emergency Operations Joint IMT deployed to Florida Keys Multiagency Declaration of Agricultural Emergency Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services Official State Quarantine Area Controlled Animal Movement from Monroe County Key Largo Interdiction Station

USDA APHIS Veterinary Services FDACS Monroe County EOC US Fish Wildlife Services USDA APHIS Wildlife Services Florida Fish & Wildlife Commission USDA ARS USDA IS COPEG Panama Barrier Eradication Program

Prevent infestation from spreading to new areas Disease surveillance to identify additional cases Fly-trapping to determine the extent of infestation Elimination of New World screwworm flies from the affected Keys Sterile fly release twice weekly at several locations Approximately 7.2 million flies per week Treat Key Deer

Yellow Border = Surveillance Zone, Red Border = Infested Zone, Orange Border = Barrier Zone As of 01/01/2017, barrier zone changed to Northern Surveillance Zone

Baiting flies with liver, capturing adult flies Entomologist evaluates Wild type NWS Flies Sterile NWS Flies (release flies) 27 Keys in the NWS Infested Zone 3 Keys in the NWS Barrier Zone 7 Keys in the NWS Northern Surveillance Zone 6 Keys in the NWS Southern Surveillance Zone

Euthanasia and Disposal of infested Key Deer Treatment of Key Deer (>15,000 doses) Oral preventative Hand feeding Topical Systemic preventative treatments Treatment Stations Immobilize and treat of clinical cases

Key Deer Treatments

Over 160 million flies released to date Shipments from Panama on Monday & Thursday Releases on Tuesday and Friday 29 release sites on 14 keys Releases on keys with infestation, and Releases (4) in barrier zone (ended on 12/26/16)

Red border = Infested Zone; Orange border = Barrier Zone

Stray Dog found near Everglades National Park entrance with myiasis Picked up by Miami Dade Animal Services Confirmed positive for NWS 01/06/2017 Single male NWS fly capture in extensive liver assessment trapping

Extensive outreach Active Surveillance Fly Assessments Sheep and Goat newborn navel exams Sterile Fly Release in an abundance of caution

Confirmed positive NWS cases - 17 6 domestic animal cases and 11 wildlife cases 16 cases from infested zone (on 6 keys) Last case confirmed Key Deer 01/10/2017 Confirmed negative investigations - 53 45 domestic animal cases and 8 wildlife cases 9 cases in Infested Zone and 39 from mainland Also, 1 AL case, 2 GA case and 2 LA cases

NWS Confirmed and Presumptive Cases 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Key Deer Cases Presumptive Domestic Animal Cases Confirmed Wildlife (non Key Deer) Confirmed Domestic Animal Cases Index Case 09/29/2017 SIT began 10/11/2017 Deer Treatment began 10/26/2017

Closed Interdiction Station on March 18 Stopped releasing sterile flies in Homestead are on March 24 Closed ICP on March 25 Releasing sterile flies in Lower Keys until April 24 Stopped deer treatment stations on March 16 USFWS stop hand treatments of deer on April 10 Stopped active surveillance on March 15 Continuing close surveillance of Key Deer Continuing outreach and education

Dr. Mike Short Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services