CURRICULUM VITAE (1) BIODATA Name: Lilly Caroline Bebora Date of birth: 18 th April 1949 Nationality: Kenyan Sex: Female Marital status: Married (with 3 children) (2) EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Schools attended 1968-1969 Alliance Girls High School, Kikuyu. Did Higher school certificate examination in 1969, and passed. 1964-1967 Baptist High School, Mombasa. Did Cambridge school certificate examination in 1967, and passed with Division One. 1960-1963 Buxton Intermediate School, Mombasa. Did Kenya preliminary education examination in 1963, and passed. 1956-1959 Freretown Primary School, Mombasa. Did Common entrance examination in 1959, and passed. University qualifications (i) PhD in Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology (1988) university of Nairobi. Title: Fowl typhoid:the disease, immunity and control. 1
(ii) MSc. in Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology (1979) University of Nairobi. Title: A study of the occurrence of avian salmonellosis in some farms and slaughterhouse in Kenya. (iii) Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (BVM) University of Nairobi. (3) PRESENT POSITION Associate Professor (Microbiology), University of Nairobi. (4) CAREER RECORD Employed at the University of Nairobi since August, 1976, first as an assistant lecturer (August 1976-29/11/79), then as lecturer (29/11/79-16/12/88), then as senior lecturer (16/12/88-May 2002), and now as associate professor (from May 2002, to date). (5) AREA OF SPECIALISATION AND RESEARCH INTERESTS (1) Veterinary microbiology (bacteriology and mycology) and respective immunology; particular interest in Salmonella and E. coli bacteria. (2) Epidemiology and immunology of infectious diseases; specialized in poultry diseases. (6) EXPERIENCES 6.1 RESEARCH 6.1.1 Have researched extensively in various aspects of microbiology in various animals, and disseminated the respective research findings through publications in refereed journals and also through participation in scientific conferences and seminars. Currently two books on microbiology (co-authored with others in the department) have been submitted to the University Press for publishing. Another one on Poultry management, nutrition and disease is ready for submission to the publishers, 6.1.2 Have supervised 10 postgraduate students (both MSc and PhD) in researches and thesis writing. 2
6.2 TEACHING Has 30 years experience (from 1976, to date) in teaching:- 6.2.1 Undergraduates (a) Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (BVM) 2 nd /3 rd year students microbiology, mycology and immunology 3 rd /4 th year students special pathology (disease description: all animals), avian post-mortem 4 th /5 th year students differential diagnosis in avian medicine and avian post-mortem (b) BSc. in Biomedical Laboratory Technology (BLT) Course Bacteriology Immunology (c) BSc. in Wildlife Management and Conservation Aetiology of Disease (d) BSc. in Biochemistry Microbiology (Bacteriology, Mycology) 6.2.2 Postgraduates (MSc Coursework) For all the above-mentioned programmes:- *Advanced Bacteriology and Mycology *Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology *Advanced Immunology 3
6.3 CONSULTANCY 6.3.1 Veterinary microbiologist, immuno-microbiologist, poultry consultant/specialist - registered by College of Pathology, Kenya Veterinary Board. 6.3.2 Together with others in the department, involved in routine bacteriological and mycological (+ respective immunological) diagnosis and consultancy, at the University of Nairobi. 6.3.3 Together with others in the department, doing poultry disease diagnosis, consultancy and control through running the Faculty Poultry Clinic and also through ambulatory visitations. 6.4. CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT I have been involved in development of curricula for the following programmes:- 6.4.1 Undergraduate programmes * BVM (revision of existing curriculum) * BLT * BSc. in Wildlife Management and Conservation 6.4.2 Undergraduate practical manuals for the above-mentioned programmes. * Microbiology * Immunology 6.4.3 Postgraduate Coursework for:- (a) MSc in Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology (b) MSc in Applied Parasitology (c) MSc in Applied Microbiology, with 5 options (d) MSc in Pathology and Diagnostics (e) MSc in Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Diagnosis (f) MSc in Fish Science (g) MSc in Poultry Diseases The first 6 have already passed through Senate. The last one is to be tabled soon. 4
6.5 ADMINISTRATIVE EXPERIENCE 6.5.1 Served as Chairman, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nairobi, from mid January 1998 to end of February 2004 (6 years). 6.5.2 Served as Member of the University of Nairobi Senate for the 6 years I was departmental chairman. 6.5.3 Served as Member of College Academic Board (CAVS) from January 1998 to date. 6.5.4 Served as Chairman, Poultry subcommittee, Agricultural Society of Kenya (ASK), Nairobi Branch., from 1998 to date. 6.5.5 Before appointment as departmental chairman, had served as:- (a) Co-ordinator of Microbiology Section (section head) from 2/1/86 to 15/1/98 (12 years) (b) Acting departmental chairman, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, for several short and long periods, for many years tenure of two immediate-past chairmen (6+6 years)-approximately 8 years. (c ) Member of Appointments committees for technical staff and lecturer posts, as departmental nominee, for many years. Also served as Senate representative, at various Senior lecturer/associate professorial interviews, for the six years I was departmental chairman (January 1998 to February 2004. (d ) Served as departmental representative to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Postgraduate Studies Committee for 6 years. This included coordinating postgraduate activities in the department. (e ) Served as member of the following Faculty committees:- (1) Committee set to discuss guidelines for scientific publications (2) Agricultural Society of Kenya Show committee (3) Committee set to discuss introduction of Fish Medicine into the Faculty Curriculum for undergraduate teaching (4) University editorial committee (Faculty of Vet. Medicine)- for 2 years (5) Biennial Scientific Conference Committee (1998 to date) (6) Committee set to plan for the Faculty workshop on Strategic Planning 5
(f ) Served as member of the following departmental committees:- (1) Committee to look into possible money generating projects (2) Staff Welfare Committee (3) Curriculum Committee (4) Committee to sort out the issue of teaching Medicine/Special Pathology with the Department of Clinical Studies (5) Committee to draw Strategic Plan for the department (g ) Represented the Dean (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine) a number of times at the Cluster, Board of Directors meetings for 4 years. (h ) Acted as Dean s representative to Deans grants science-based subcommittee for 4 years. 6.5.6 Currently serving in the following committees:- (a ) At Faculty level Biennial Scientific Conference Committee Faculty Postgraduate Studies Committee (b ) At departmental level Departmental representative to the Faculty Postgraduate Studies Committee Committee to formulate a strategic plan for the departmentboth on teaching and on income generation 6.6 EDITORIAL EXPERIENCE 6.6.1 Nominated to the Faculty Editorial Board for 3 years 6.6.2 Reviewed articles for the following journals:- (a ) Discovery and Innovation, Africa Academy of Sciences (b ) Kenya Veterinarian And for the following scientific organizations:- (a ) National Council for Science and Technology (b ) Rockfeller Foundation 6
6.6.3 Nominated as standing reviewer by:- (a ) Kenya Veterinarian (b ) The Rockfeller Foundation 6.7 OTHER PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES 6.7.1 Spent sabbatical leave of 9 months (1 st March 1992 to 30 th November 1992) attached to Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Microbiology section. Did a lot of work on common causes of bacterial diarrhea in children, with emphasis on E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella. My work covered:- general bacteriology, toxicology, serology, DNA work, especially plasmid extraction and separation, DNA-DNA hybridization and PCR. 6.7.2 Attended the 4 th International Conference on Culture Collections, held in Brno, Czechoslovakia (July 20-24 th, 1981). 6.7.3 Attended training course on Running and Management of Culture Collections in Brno, Czechoslovakia (July 8-18 th, 1981). 6.7.4 Worked with Shell Chemicals (K) Ltd. (April 1970-May 1972), where I helped with field work, including testing of different acaricides with respect to:- * their effects on ticks * their duration time; thus enabling us to work out the frequency of application * testing the strength of the dipping solution using a commercial kit- Supona Dip Kit 6.7.5 Had temporary employment with the Ministry of Health, National Research Laboratories, Kenyatta National Hospital (Dec. 1969-March 1970), where I worked in the Blood Bank section doing blood grouping and cross-matching. (7 ) SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOPS ATTENDED 7.1 October 2003 Workshop to deliberate on the Faculty Strategic Plan, at Aberdare Lodge, Kenya 31/10/03-1/1/03 2 nd Poultry Network Workshop, held at ILRI; financed by DANIDA Since 1999 to date Annual Scientific Meetings cum Workshops for Indigenous Poultry Project, held at different venues, including Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya 7
1-7 th Nov. 1998 1 st Eastern and Southern African Women Veterinarians Workshop held in Nairobi. Theme: Beyond the year 2000, organized by Kenya Women Veterinary Association (8 ) SUPERVISION OF POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS I have supervised students listed below on various aspects of microbiology:- 8.1 Veterinary students:theses 8.1.1 Theses that are completed:- (a ) Dr. P.G. Mbuthia (PhD, 2004), as 2 nd supervisor Topic: Pasteurella multocida in indigenous chickens and ducks in Kenya A study of carrier status, susceptibility, molecular diagnosis, and pathogenesis (b ) Dr. L.W. Njagi (MSc, 2003), as 1 st supervisor Topic: Carrier status, antibiotic and disinfectant sensitivity patterns of Listeria monocytogenes and other aerobic bacteria in scavenging chickens and ducks (c ) Dr. J. Mugambi (MSc, 2000), as 1 st supervisor Topic: Characterisation of Brucella pathogens in man and animals in Narok District of Kenya (d ) Dr. Kasiti J. Lichoti (MSc, 2000), as 2 nd supervisor Topic: Epidemiology of avian paramyxoviruses occurring in Kenya, with special reference to free-range (village)chickens (e ) Dr. M.J. Macharia (MSc, 1999), as 2 nd supervisor Topic: Avian paramyxoviruses occurring in Kenya:A comparative study of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein and its functional activities (f ) Dr. Margaret Karanja (MSc, 1998), as 1 st supervisor Topic: Isolation, characterization and pathogenicity testing of Escherichia coli in poultry from some parts of Kenya (g ) Dr. J.K. Gathumbi (MSc, 1993), as 1 st supervisor Topic: A survey of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in poultry feed used in Kenya (h ) Dr. K.S. Kahiri (MSc, 1993), as 3 rd supervisor Topic: Cottonseed cake for broiler chicken 8
(i ) Dr. W.W. Karaba (MSc, 1992), as 2 nd supervisor Topic: Persistence of Salmonella gallinarum under simulated environmental conditions 8.1.2 Two ongoing ones (a ) Dr. L.W. Njagi (PhD), as 2 nd supervisor Topic: A study of factors involved in NewCastle disease virus carrier status in village chicken and non-chicken poultry in Kenya (b ) Dr. D.N. Karanja (PhD), as 3 rd supervisor Topic: Pathology of oedema disease and other E. coli infections of pigs 8.1.3 Where I have been acknowledged in write-ups (a ) Dr. C.G. Gitao, in his article of 1995, entitled:- The main health problems of poultry in peri-urban areas of Nairobi, Kenya Association of Institutions of Tropical Veterinary Medicine Proceedings of the VIII International Conference of Institutions of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 1. (b ) MR. S.B. Kayongo (PhD thesis, 1993-University of Nairobi), entitled: Evaluation of caged layer waste as a protein supplement to fibrous crop residues fed to sheep (c ) Dr. J.M. Kantengwa (MSc thesis,1990-university of Nairobi), entitled: Bacteriological quality of drinking water for poultry, in some poultry farms in Kenya (d ) Dr. E.S. Bizimenyera (MSc thesis,1986-university of Nairobi), entitled: A new approach to hatchery sanitation: Isolation and control of pathogenic bacteria associated with deaths of hatching eggs 8.2 BLT students Research projects 8.2.1 Completed ones (a ) Gaudencia Liambila (2005) Topic: Identification and partial characterization of goat placental IgG subclasses (b ) Susan Ayen (2004) Topic: Study of antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella and Escherichia coli organisms isolated from two hospital settings 9
(c ) Kibebe H. Waitindi (2004) Topic: Isolation and phenotypic characterization of pathogenic yeast-like fungi, with particular reference to Cryptococcus neoformans, from environmental sources (d ) Nyaga Martin Munene (2004) Topic: Identification by salting out method of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from food-handlers working in tourist hotels in Nairobi, Kenya (e ) Ogada Freda (2003) Topic: Significance of bacteria isolated from diseased organs of birds brought to poultry clinic at Kabete (f ) Njuguna M.M. (2003) Topic: Isolation of pathogenic bacteria from diarrhoeal samples at Kenyatta National Hospital, and Widal testing of blood from typhoid suspects at the same hospital (g ) Njoroge G.S. (2003) Topic: Comparing efficacies of different Widal-test kits 8.2.2 Ongoing one Emmaculate Agolla (2006) Topic: Isolation, identification and antibiotic resistance profiles of nontyphi Salmonella isolated from food-handlers working in tourist hotels in Kwale (9 ) EXAMINATIONS 9.1 Postgraduate examinations 9.1.1 I have served as a member of Board of Examiners for various MSc and PhD theses, both within and across faculties 41 times. Of these, 20 were in capacity of internal examiner. Overall, I have examined 31 MSc and 10 PhD candidates. 9.1.2 I have also been external examiner for several MSc theses:- (a ) For Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania (1) Dr. J.O. Chilongola (Year 2000), thesis entitled: Immune responses induced in rabbits by stage-specific Rhipicephalus appendiculatus antigens 10
(b ) For Kenyatta University, Kenya (1) MR. Joseph Owiti Oundo (Year 2002), thesis entitled: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of non-typhi Salmonella species associated with severe malaria in children admitted at Kilifi District Hospital (2) Ms Joyce Mukami Mwituria (2005), thesis entitled: Characterisation of non-typhoid Salmonella isolated from children, with bacteremia, admitted to hospitals in Kilifi and Nairobi (3) MR. Anderson Njagi Wambugu (2005), thesis entitled: Use of specific polysaccharide in an indirect ELISA for detecting specific antibodies to contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (4) Yawah S. Mwarumba (2005), thesis entitled: Validation of BSAC with E-test susceptibility method for characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae 9.2 External examiner for undergraduate BVM students:- (a ) For Sokoine University, Morogoro, Dept. Vet. Microbiology and Parasitology 4 times (1999-2002) (b ) For Makerere University, Uganda, Dept. Vet. Parasitology and Microbiology - 3 times (2001-2003) (c ) For University of Zimbabwe, Dept. Vet. Pathology, Microbiology, Parasitology and Animal sciences (2004 to date) 9.3 Moderator for Nairobi University exams for several occasions:- (a ) Dept. of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (b ) Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine ( 10 ) GRANTS APPLIED FOR AND RECEIVED 10.1 DANIDA-funded indigenous poultry project I am part of a network of investigators working on the above-mentioned project, covering Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya, referred to as Improving the health and productivity of urban chickens in Africa (IHEPRUCA) geared towards 11
improving the status of indigenous chickens and educating poultry-keepers on proper poultry management and disease control. 10.2 National Council for Science and Technology (NCTC) grant:- KSh. 120,000 to do PhD work entitled:- Fowl typhoid: the disease, immunity and control. PhD thesis submitted in 1988. 10.3 Deans Grant KSh. 90,000- to work on:- Survey of poultry feeds for presence of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins, and monitoring the effects of mycotoxins on the immune system of chickens Funds supported one MSc student. Thesis submitted. 10.4 Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) grant one of University of Guelph/University of Nairobi joint projects. KSh. 180,000 for me and Prof. P.N. Mbugua to work on Study of the management status of Kenya poultry farms, relating it to the level of production and disease occurrence Funds supported one MSc student. Thesis submitted. (11 ) SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGICALS 11.1 Fowl typhoid vaccine I and Prof. Nyaga have developed a potent attenuated vaccine against Salmonella gallinarum infection in poultry. It has been tested in the laboratory for protection and shown to be better than the live vaccine in stock. However, apparent breakdowns of the original live attenuated vaccine, ie. cases of vaccinated birds coming down with disease, have led to stoppage of usage of live vaccines a dead one is used instead. This has necessitated more work to be done on the new vaccine to ensure non virulence. 11.2 I, Karaba W.W. and Odongo M.O. have come up with a preparation of crystal violet antigen of Salmonella gallinarum to be used for fowl typhoid testing. (12 ) COMPLETED RESEARCH 12.1 Mbugua P.N., Bebora L.C. and Karanja M.W. (1998):- Study of the management status of Kenya poultry farms, relating it to the level of production and disease occurrence 12
12.2 Bebora L.C. and Gathumbi J.K. (1993):- Survey of poultry feeds for presence of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins, and monitoring the effect of mycotoxins on immune system of chickens 12.3 Bebora L.C. (1987):- Fowl typhoid: The disease, immunity and control 12.4 Bebora L.C (1979):- A study of the occurrence of avian salmonellosis in some farms and a slaughterhouse in Kenya 12.5 Other researches carried out through postgraduate and undergraduate students. (13 ) ONGOING RESEARCHES 13.1 Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mbuthia P.G. and Njagi L.W. Improving the health and productivity of urban chicken in Africa (IHEPRUCA) geared towards improving the status of indigenous chickens and educating poultry keepers on proper poultry management and disease control. 13.2 Bebora L.C. Typing of E. coli strains isolated from avian cases of septicaemia and diarrhea, and testing for their pathogenicity 13.3 Other researches carried out through postgraduate and undergraduate students. (14 ) MEMBERSHIPS 14.1 Of professional bodies (a ) Kenya Veterinary Board (KVB) (b ) Kenya Veterinary Association (KVA) (c ) Kenya Women Veterinary Association (KWVA) (d ) Kenya Academy of Sciences (KAS) (e ) Agricultural Society of Kenya (ASK) (f ) Livestock committee, ASK( Poultry subcommittee chairman) 14.2 Of social groups (a ) Departmental Welfare Association (b ) Two women groups:- (1) Musenangu women group (served as treasurer for 8 years now, to date) ( 2 ) Maweni ladies group (served as chairperson for 8 years now, to date) 13
(15 ) SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT 15.1 KWVA is involved with communal education (educational fora) going out to educate, especially ladies in the field, about various aspects of veterinary interest based on the particular community needs done at least twice a year 15.2 Between March and July 1995, I was involved in a fact-finding survey to establish how women in rural areas take care of their animals:- what animals they keep and what they know about traditional medicine. The survey was funded by the Kenya women veterinary association (KWVA) and covered most of Kenya I covered the Coast Province. We also utilized this opportunity to educate the rural ladies on various veterinary aspects 15.3 I have participated actively towards encouraging the girl-child to excel both academically and towards life in general. I believe in establishing the rightful position of females in general, whether human or animal. I played a great part in having male and female birds competing separately at ASK show, Nairobi. Before this, birds were competing randomly, especially at Champion levels; the males winning most of the time. 15.4 Participated in the Kenya Veterinary Association continuing education seminar (refresher course) on poultry keeping (1988) 15.5 Have given talks to KVA sub-branches, eg. Mombasa branch, KWVA, etc. 15.6 Have given talks on poultry diseases and treatment when various drug companies were launching their new drugs or when holding information fora 15.7 Was guest of honour at a prize-giving ceremony at Happy Tots Academy, Nairobi, on 19 th November 2003 15.8 Have helped financially and otherwise a number of needy people coming to my Office. 15.9 As service to the people, I have translated two articles/advertisements from English to Swahili, a language that most people understand. These were:- (1) One on Amitraz acaricide (2) One on Tsetse flies and trypanosomosis (16 ) CONTINUING EDUCATION SESSIONS ATTENDED I have attended several sessions organized by poultry/pharmaceutical organizations, for example: Agriner Poultry, Intervet E.A. Ltd, which were addressed by several guest speakers on various issues ranging from poultry management, drug dynamics, birds immunological responses, vaccinations, etc. 14
I have also learnt a lot through listening to papers presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biennial Scientific Conferences (4 to date), and at the poultry continuing education course organized by Kenya Veterinary Board (sponsored by Kenchic, Intervet, etc.) (17 ) AWARDS RECEIVED 17.1 Member of Kenya Academy of Sciences (2005) 17.2 Founder member: Kenya Veterinary Board, College of Pathology (2002) 17.3 Consultant: Microbiology (Bacteriology and Mycology), Immunomicrobiologist, Poultry Specialist (2002) 17.4 Associate Professor in Veterinary Microbiology (+ Immunology), University of Nairobi (2002) 17.5 Chairman, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nairobi (1998-2004) 17.6 Agricultural Society of Kenya (ASK) Poultry subcommittee:- (a ) Subcommittee chairman (since year 1998 to date) (b ) Judge for various poultry classes (since year 1982 to date) 17.7 Awarded 10 and 20 years service awards in years 1992 and 2002, respectively, in recognition for service to the Agricultural Society of Kenya. (18 ) PUBLICATIONS 18.1 Bebora L.C., Bii C.C. and Waitindi H.K.(2005): Pigeon-frequented areas, garbage piles and dog faeces as possible sources of Candida and Cryptococcus infections for humans and animals. Kenya Veterinarian 29:18-20 18.2 Bebora L.C., Mbuthia P.G., Macharia J.M., Mwaniki G., Njagi L.W. and Nyaga P.N. (2005): Appraisal of the village bird s potential in egg production. Kenya Veterinarian 29:10-13 18.3 Bebora L.C., Oundo J.O. and Munene M.N. (2005): Isolation of enterotoxigenic E. coli from food-handlers. Kenya Veterinarian 29:14-17 15
18.4 Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Kamundia J., Minga U. and Olsen J.E. (2005): Comparison between fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and culture method in the detection of Pasteurella multocida in organs of indigenous birds. Kenya Veterinarian 29:53-56 18.5 Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E.(2005): Indigenous ducks are better reservoirs of P. multocida than indigenous chickens. Kenya Veterinarian 29:104-106 18.6 Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Kamundia J., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2005): Comparison of the carrier status of P. multocida between farm and live-market indigenous birds. Kenya Veterinarian 29:45-47 18.7 Maina A.N., Mbuthia P.G., Ngatia T.A., Waruiru R.M. and Bebora L.C. (2005): Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria species and parasitic lungworm infection in marketed indigenous chickens. Kenya Veterinarian 29: 18.8 Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2004): Carrier status for Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species in freerange farm and market, healthy indigenous chickens and ducks. E.A. Medical Journal 81(10):529-533. 18.9 Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2004): Sensitivity of Listeria species, recovered from indigenous chickens, to antibiotics and disinfectants. E.A. Medical Journal 81(10):534-537. 18.10 Odongo M.O., Bebora L.C. and Njoroge G.S. (2004): Comparative evaluation of five Widal test kits used in Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian (in press) 18.11 Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2002): Hatchability and fertility of indigenous chicken and duck eggs and some causes of chick and duckling mortality in Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian (in press) 18.12 Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Ngatia T.A., Munyua W.K., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2002): Preliminary investigations on the carrier status of Pasteurella multocida in farmed and traded healthy scavenging indigenous chickens and ducks in Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian (in press) 18.13 Nyaga P.N., Njagi L.W., Bebora L.C., Mbuthia P.G., Mlozi M.R.S., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2002): Productivity of local scavenging ducks under village management conditions in Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian (in press) 18.14 Gathumbi J.K. and Bebora L.C. (2000): The occurrence of aflatoxin in poultry tissues collected in Nairobi, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 48:61-62. 16
18.15 Wabacha J.K., Gitao G.K., Bebora L.C., Bwanga C.O., Wamuri Z.M. and Mbithi P.M.F. (1998): Occurrence of dermatomycosis (ring worm) due to Trichophyton verrucosum in dairy calves and its spread to animal attendants. J.S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. 69(4):172-173. 18.16 Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N. and Kimoro C.O. (1998): Comparison of immune responses of two Salmonella gallinarum strains viewed as possible vaccines for fowl typhoid in Kenya. Onderstpoort Journal of Vet. Research 65(2):67-73. 18.17 Karanja M.W., Bebora L.C. and Mbugua P.N. (1998): Pathogenicity of E. coli isolated from normal healthy chicken. Kenya Veterinarian ------ 18.18 Bebora L.C. (1997): Role of plasmids in virulence of enteric bacteria. E.A. Medical Journal 74(7): 43-45. 18.19 Bebora L.C. (1996): The erratic nature of Enterobacteriaceae with particular mention to the genera Escherichia, Shigella and Salmonella: A practical review. Discovery and Innovation 8(3): 215-218. 18.20 Gathumbi J.K., Bebora L.C. Muchiri D.J. and Ngatia T.A. (1996): Mycological examination of poultry feeds used in Nairobi, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 44:19-22. 18.21 Gathumbi J.K., Bebora L.C., Muchiri D.J. and Ngatia T.A. (1995): A survey of mycotoxins in poultry feeds used in Nairobi, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 43:243-245. 18.22 Bebora L.C., Yamamoto H., Sang W.K., Oundo J.O., Khamala J., Mwangudza A. and Mukundi P.W. (1994): Plasmid profiles of E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella organisms isolated from three districts in Kenya. E.A. Medical Journal 71(10):619-623. 18.23 Bebora L.C., Oundo J.O. and Yamamoto H. (1994): Marked resistance of E. coli strains, recovered from chickens, to various antibiotics used for treatment in humans, with particular attention to Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (septrin). E.A. Medical Journal 71(10):624-627. 18.24 Bebora L.C., Oundo J.O., Khamala J., Saidi S., Sang W.K., Yamamoto H. and Mukundi P.W. (1993): Some E. coli strains causing septicaemia in chicks in Kenya.Kenya Veterinarian 17:1-3. 18.25 Gitao C.G. and Bebora L.C. (1992): Histomoniasis in a peacock. Indian Vet. Journal 69:933-934. 17
18.26 Bebora L.C. and Nyaga P.N. (1989): Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella gallinarum isolates recovered from Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr., Special issue:115-118. 18.27 Kaminjolo J.S., Ayoade J.A., Makhambera T.P.E., Nyaga P.N. and Bebora L.C. (1988): Contagious ecthyma in a boer goat: short communication. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 36:83-85. 18.28 Bebora L.C. (1987): Common poisons - poultry. Kenya Veterinarian 11:7-8. 18.29 Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C. and Kaminjolo J.S. (1985): Occurrence of Shigella dysenteriae-3 in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) in Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth Prod. Afr. 36:83-85. 18.30 Bebora L.C., Waiyaki P.G. and Kaminjolo J.S. (1979): A bacteriological and serological survey of avian salmonellosis in four farms and a slaughterhouse. Kenya Veterinarian 3(2):36-38. 18.31Bebora L.C., Waiyaki P.G. and Kaminjolo J.S. (1979): Occurrence of Proteus ammoniae in domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Kenya Veterinarian 3(2):38-39. 18.32 Nyaga P.N., Kaminjolo J.S., Mutiga E.R. and Bebora L.C. (1979): Occurrence of atypical fowl pox in poultry farms in Kenya. Avian Diseases 23:745-752. (19) CONFERENCE PAPERS / WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS 19.1 Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2004): A study of effectiveness of seven disinfectants against possible bacterial contaminants of coops and premises inhabited by indigenous chickens and ducks. Paper presented at KVA scientific conference, 28-30 th April, 2004. 19.2 Mbuthia P.G., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Njagi L.W., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2003): Ducks in rural and semi-urban poultry production. Paper presented at a National Poultry Workshop on Use of Research Results in the Development of Smallholder Poultry Projects held at ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya on 29-30 th October, 2003. 19.3 Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2003): Clinical signs of fowl cholera in experimental immunosuppressed and nonimmunosuppressed Kenyan indigenous chickens and ducks. Paper presented presented at IHEPRUCA annual scientific meeting held in December 2003, and at Kenya Veterinary Association Scientific meeting in April 2003. 18
19.4 Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Mugera G.M., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2002): Production status of indigenous chicken from peri-urban villages in Kenya. Presented at IHEPRUCA annual scientific meeting, held in December 2002; Kenya. 19.5 Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N. and Njagi L.W. (2000): Bacterial species recovered from ducks sampled from peri-urban villages of Kenya. Presented at IHEPRUCA annual scientific meeting, held in November 2000; Tanzania. 19.6 Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C. and Njagi L.W. (2000): Production status of indigenous ducks from peri-urban villages in Kenya. Presented at IHEPRUCA annual scientific meeting, held in November 2000; Tanzania. 19.7 Oundo J.O., Sang W.K., Yamamoto H., Saidi S., Bebora L.C., Mwangudza A. and Mukundi P.W. (1993): Plasmid-mediated multi-drug resistant enterobacteria isolated from infantile diarrhea in three districts of Kenya. KEMRI-KETRI Conference 1993. 19.8 Chai D.C., Bebora L.C. and Karaba W.W. (1990): Yersinia enterocolitica infection in vervet monkey. Paper presented at 2 nd Faculty of Veterinary Medicine biennial scientific conference, University of Nairobi. 19.9 Bebora L.C. and Nyaga P.N. (1989): Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella gallinarum isolates recovered from Kenya. Paper presented at 1 st Faculty of Veterinary Medicine biennial scientific conference, University of Nairobi. 19.10 Nyaga P.N. and Bebora L.C. (1988): Zoonotic human chlamydiosis of avian origin. Paper presented at KVA scientific meeting on The epidemiology and control of rabies and other zoonotic diseases, held on 3 rd November 1988.. 19.11Bebora L.C. (1987): Chick morbidity and mortality. Paper presented at KVA scientific meeting on Neonatal diseases and management, held on 15 th and 16 th October 1987. 19.12Bebora L.C. (1986): Common poisons-poultry. Paper presented at KVA scientific meeting on Poisons of animals in Kenya, held on 4 th and 5 th September 1986. 19.13Bebora L.C. (1986): Salmonellosis in poultry: the disease, its diagnosis and Prevention. Paper presented at KVA scientific meeting on Diarrhoea, held on 20 th and 21 st February 1986. 19
(20) BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPTS WRITTEN 21.1 Those submitted for publishing (1) Bacteriology and Mycology Handbook for veterinary students, by Odongo M.O., Bebora L.C., Mbuthia P.G. and Kagunya D.K. (2) Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory Manual for veterinary students, by Bebora L.C., Odongo M.O., Mbuthia P.G. and Kagunya D.K. 21.2 Those almost ready for submission for publishing (1) Poultry keeping: A complete book on management, nutrition and disease, by Bebora L.C. (2) Notes on General Bacteriology, by Bebora L.C., Odongo M.O., Mbuthia P.G. and Kagunya D.K. (3) A guide to Poultry Production, by Bebora L.C. (4) Show birds preparation and judging in Kenya, by Bebora L.C., Mbuthia P.G., Macharia J.M., Mwaniki G., Mwangi and Nyaga P.N. 21.3 A general book entitled: Tribute to the Rev. Canon Samuel Levi, by Bebora L.C. 15/06/06 20
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