health planners and therefore affordability of filariasis control is particularly important.

Similar documents
India lymphatic filariasis survey data

Bibliography on Filariasis

Albendazole for the control and elimination of lymphatic filariasis: systematic review

M Correia, D Amonkar, P Audi, C Bhat, P Cruz, N Mitta, A Pednekar, P Kurane

h e a l t h l i n e ISSN X Volume 1 Issue 1 July-December 2010 Pages 16-20

Evidence of continued transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti

The Effect of Compliance on the Impact of Mass Drug Administration for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in Egypt

Awareness about Mosquito Borne Diseases in Rural and Urban Areas of Delhi

Elephantiasis. C h r i s t i a n H e s s. N u t r i t i o n R o n V e r n o n

THE CONTROL AND SURVEILLANCE OF FILARIASIS IN HAINAN PROVINCE, CHINA

Lymphatic Filariasis: Transmission, Treatment and Elimination. Wilma Stolk

A review of Filariasis

Filariasis a Curse or Careless Attitude of the People?

Socioeconomic burden and management practices among lymphatic filariasis patients in three endemic villages of Kano State, Nigeria

School-based Deworming Interventions: An Overview

Effectiveness of a triple-drug regimen for global elimination of lymphatic filariasis: a modelling study

Efficacy of co-administration of albendazole and diethylcarbamazine against geohelminthiases: a study from South India

IMPACT OF A FILARIASIS CONTROL PROGRAM ON INTESTINAL HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS; A PILOT STUDY IN NARATHIWAT PROVINCE, THAILAND

WHO/FIU Distr.: Limited English only

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF DENGUE FEVER AND HEATH EDUCATION PROGRAMME AMONG STUDENTS OF ALAM SHAH SCIENCE SCHOOL, CHERAS, MALAYSIA

Management And Treatment Of Tropical Diseases By B. G. Maegraith

SUMMARY. Mosquitoes are surviving on earth since millions of years. They are the

pissn: eissn:

Epidemiological characteristics of Bancroftian filariasis and the Nigerian environment

Drug therapy of Filariasis. Dr. Shareef sm Asst. professor pharmacology

Report on. Scientific Working Group May 2005 Geneva, Switzerland.

Follow this and additional works at:

USING CLINICAL SIGNS TO DETERMINE THE ENDEMICITY LEVEL OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS IN AFIKPO NORTH L.G.A. EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA

An evaluation study of mass drug administration of DEC tablet in a North-Eastern district of Andhra Pradesh

Studies on community knowledge and behavior following a dengue epidemic in Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, India

VIABILITY AND ECONOMICS OF BACKYARD POULTRY FARMING IN WEST SIANG DISTRICT OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH, INDIA

AMR in AFRICA. Dr Marc Sprenger Director AMR Secretariat. Antimicrobial resistance in Africa

Kala-azar: azar: Can Visceral Leishmaniasis Ever Be Controlled?

NATIONAL VECTOR BORNE DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAMME (NVBDCP)

Downloaded from:

IBIBLIOGRAPHY I BOOKS

WORLD HEATH ORGANIZATION GLOBAL PROGRAMME TO ELIMINATE LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS

FOR LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY WEBSITE. Academic Staff Bio Data

Dog Population Management Veterinary Oversight. Presented by Emily Mudoga & Nick D'Souza

BITING DENSITY, BEHAVIOR AND AGE DISTRIBUTION OF CULEX QUINQUEFASCIA TUS, SAY IN MYSORE CITY, INDIA

Seroprevalence of Dengue in Antenatal and Paediatric Patients - In a Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry

The diagnostic role of serum biomarkers in human filariasis/elephantiasis


Original article Assessment of current burden of human rabies in. Sir Ronald Ross Institute of Tropical

A Gendered Assessment of Vulnerability to Brucellosis in Cattle, Sheep and Goat Small- Holder Farmers in Northern Tanzania

Are Ugandans Hands Clean Enough?

Refractoriness of Culex sitiens to Experimental Infection with Nocturnal Subperiodic Brugia malayi

Prevalence of Aedes aegypti - The vector of Dengue/ Chikungunya fevers in Bangalore City, Urban and Kolar districts of Karnataka state

TISSUE NEMATODES MODULE 49.1 INTODUCTION OBJECTIVES 49.2 FILARIASIS. Notes

Rec.Date: Feb 07, :29 Accept Date: Apr 11, :00

ERG on multidrug-resistant P. falciparum in the GMS

Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme

Indonesia lymphatic filariasis survey data

Sara Coleman Kansas Department of Health & Environment Bureau of Epidemiology and Public Health Informatics MPH Field Experience

OIE Collaborating Centre for Training in. Integrated Livestock and Wildlife Health and Management, Onderstepoort. Development of the Centre

Teaching the Concepts of One Health

Strengthening Epidemiology Capacity Using a One Health Framework in South Asia

SESSION 3: RABIES SITUATION IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC

Intestinal parasitic infections are a serious

Awareness, knowledge and practices about mosquito borne diseases in patients of tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai

Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy*, Vijayageetha M., Sonali Sarkar

Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in the South-East Asia Region

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dengue prevention in Cambodia, John Hustedt March 25, 2014

Self-medication with Antibiotics and Antimalarials in the community of Khartoum State, Sudan INTRODUCTION

Vietnam - WSP Global Scaling up Handwashing Behavior Impact Evaluation, Baseline and Endline Surveys

LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GLOBAL PROGRAMME TO ELIMINATE LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS. A HanDbook for national elimination programmes

International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 7, No 2, 2018,

Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 5 October [without reference to a Main Committee (A/71/L.2)]

Rabies Research & Impact

Studies on morphological variations of Aedes albopictus in some areas of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal

FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE

InternationalJournalofAgricultural

Vector Control in emergencies

Report on Owned Dog Population Survey In Lingayen, Philippines

Cases and Developments of Filariasis Disease and Its Caused in Indonesia. Mettison Markus Silitonga* Doli Situmeang*

13 th ACTMalaria EB & Partners Meeting March 2009 Vientiane, Lao PDR

Knowledge and awareness towards dengue infection and its prevention: a cross sectional study from rural area of Tamil Nadu, India

TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN TANZANIA

Research Article KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES RELATED TO ANIMAL BITES AMONG THE RESIDENTS OF AN URBANIZED VILLAGE IN SOUTH DELHI

Parasites and their vectors

Situation update of dengue in the SEA Region, 2010

Impact of neglected diseases on animal productivity and public health in Africa

Clinical and Economic Impact of Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Escherichia coli Resistant Isolates

Module 6. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)

Economic Impact of Dengue in LAC and the World

are at risk of infection with lymphatic filarial parasites (1), and a minimum of 120 million people are currently infected (about 107 million with

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasite in Goats in Shillong, Meghalaya, India

Chapter 9. General discussion

RECENT TRENDS IN TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF FILARIASIS

EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING ZOONOTIC PARASITES: PREVENTIVE AND CONTROL STRATEGIES

How aware are we regarding vector borne diseases? A community based study in a slum of Kolkata, India

Basu, B.C and Rao. S S (I 939) Studies on filariasis transmission /nd1<m.lou mal rif Medtcal R<'learch

Lymphatic Filariasis

Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge Regarding Dengue Fever And Its Prevention Among Senior Secondary School Students.

Dog ecology studies oral vaccination of dogs Burden of rabies

Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of antimicrobial resistance amongst private practice patients and primary care prescribers in South Africa

OIE Collaborating Centre for Training in Integrated Livestock and Wildlife Health and Management, Onderstepoort

Clarer Jones 1*, Billy Ngasala 1,2, Yahya A. Derua 3, Donath Tarimo 1, Lisa Reimer 4, Moses Bockarie 5 and Mwelecele N. Malecela 6

SABI Y. SOUROU, DVM MPH candidate Kansas State University. April 19 th, 2012

CURRICULUM VITAE. Piyanan Taweethavonsawat. University, Bangkok, Thailand M.Sc. (Pathobiology) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

Transcription:

BIBLIOGRAPHY

186 Also it has been reported that use of DEC medicated salt for a period of 9-12 months has been shown to be simple, inexpensive and effective in drastically reducing or eliminating lymphatic filariasis (WHO, 1994)'. Filariasis control is generally given low priority by health planners and therefore affordability of filariasis control is particularly important. Since DEC medicated salt relies on existing community purchasing practice, it requires the least resource input. Though some increase in purchasing cost to the consumer is estimated (US $ 0.8/year/adult), considering the goal of elimination of filariasis, this additional cost may be met either by government or by some voluntary organization. In view of the above findings and considering the life span of the adult microfilaria worm (5-10 years), a DEC medicated salt programme undertaken at a national level for at least 10 years throughout the filaria endemic belt may be able to eliminate the parasite. Future research should concentrate on the extent of social stigma, duration of the disease manifestation and subsequent economic loss to the individual and family, role of community participation and methods for enrolling in filariasis control. # It is generally well tolerated, sdely used in pregnancy and can be incorporated into iodized salt

Bandyopadhyay, L. (1996). Lymphatic filariasis and the women of India.Socia1 Science and Midicine. : 42,1401-1410. Bang, Y.H. & Shah, N.K. (1988). Human ecology related to urban mosquito-borne diseases in countries of South East Asia Region. Journal of Communicable Diseases.: 20,l-17. Becker, M.H. (1974). The health belief model andpersonal health behaviour. Thorofare, NJ: Charles B. Slack. Berman, P., Kendall, C. & Bhattacharyya, K. (1994). The household production of health: integrating social science perspectives on micro-level health determinants. Social Science and Medicine: 38(2), 205-2 15. Brabin, L. (1990). Sex differentials in susceptibility to lymphatic filariasis and implications for maternal child immunity. Epidemiology Infection: 105,335-353. Bundy, D.A.P., Grenfell, B.T. & Rajagopalan, P.K. (1991). Imrnunoepidemiology of lymphatic filariasis: the relationship between infection and disease. In Immunoparasitology Today: (ed. Ash, C. & Gallagher, R.B.), pp. A71-A75. Cambridge: Elsevier Trends Journals. Carme, B., Utahia, A., Tuira, E. & Teuru, T. (1979). Filarial elephantiasis in French Polynesia: A study concerning the beliefs of 127 patients about the origin of their disease. Transaction of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: 73(4), 424-426. Das, P.K., Manoharan, A., Srividya, A., Grenfell, B.T., Bundy, D.A.P. & Vanamail, P. (1 990). Frequency distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in human populations and its relationships with age and sex. Parasitology: 101,429-434. Das, P.K., Manoharan, A., Subramanian, S., Ramaiah, K.D., Pani, S.P., Rajavel, A.R. & Rajagopalan, P.K. (1992). Bancroftian filariasis in Pondicherry, South India: Epidemiological impact of recovery of vector population. Epidemiological Infection: 108,483-493. Dasgupta, A. (1984). Cursory survey of lymphatic filariasis: An overview. Indian J; Pathol. Microbial: 27,273-280. David, I.G., Francisco, S.V. & Benjamin, D.C. (1978). Bancroftian filariasis in a Philippine village: clinical, parasitological, immunological and social aspects. Bulletin of World Health Organization: 56,975-984.

Day, K.P., Gregory, W.F. & Maizels, R.M. (1991a). Age specific acquisition of immunity to infective larvae in a bancroftian filariasis endemic area of Papua New Guinea, Parasite Immunology: 13,277-90. Day, K.P., Grenfell, B.T., Spark, R., Kazwa, J.W. & Alpers, M.P. (1991 b). Age specific patterns of change in the dynamics of Wuchereria bancrofti ~ection in Papua New Guinea. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: 44,518-527. Dunn, F.L. (1983). Human behavioural factors in mosquito vector control, South East Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health:. 14(1), 86-94. Eberhard, M.L., Walker, E.M., Addiss, D.G. & Lammie P.J. (1996). A survey of knowledge, attitude, and perceptions (KAPs) of lymphatic filariasis, elephantiasis, and hydrocele among residents in an endemic area in Haiti. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: 54,299-303 Espino, Fe., Manderson, L., Acuin, C., Domingo, Fe. and Ventura, E. (1997). Perceptions of malaria in a low endemic area in the Philippines: transmission and prevention of disease. Acta Tropica: 63,221-239. Evans, D.B., Gelband, H. & Vlassoff, C. (1993). Social and economic factors and the control of lymphatic fdariasis: a review. Acta Tropica: 53,l-26. Garrett, H.E. & Woodworth, R.S. (1961). The scaling of mental tests and other psychological data. Statistics in psychology and education, Eda 1961; pp. 309-336. Gochrnan, D.S., (Ed.). (1988). Health Behaviour: Emerging research perspectives. New York: Plenum Press. Gregory, J.W. & Pichk, V. (1983). Inequality and mortality: demographic hypotheses regarding advanced and peripheral capitalism. International Journal of Health Sewices:l3(2), 89-106. Grenfell, B.T., Das, P.K., Rajagopalan, P.K. & Bundy, D.A.P. (1990). Frequency distribution of lymphatic filariasis microfilariae in human populations: population processes and statistical estimation. Parasitology: 101,417-27. Grenfell, B.T., Michael, E. & Denham, D.A. (1991). A model for the dynamics of human lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology Today: 7,318-23. Grenfell, B.T. & Michael, E. (1992). Infection and disease in lymphatic filariasis - an epidemiologic approach. Parasitology: 104, S81-S90.

Grove, D.I., Valeza, F.S. & Cabrera, B.D. (1978). Bancroftian filasiasis in a Philippine village: Clinical, parasitological, immunological and social aspects. Bulletin of the World Health Organization: 56(6), 975-984. Gyapong, J.O., Gyapong, M., Evans, D.B., Aikins, M.K. & Adjei, S. (1996). The economic burden of lymphatic filariasis in northern Ghana. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. 90,39-48. Hairston, N.G. & De-Meillon, B. (1968). On the inefficiency of transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti fiom mosquito to human host. Bulletin of the World Health Organization: 38,935-41. Hairston, N.G. & Jachowski, L.A. (1968). Analysis of the Wuchereria bancrofti population in the people of American Samoa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization: 38,29-59. Hochbaum, G.M. (1958). Public participation in medical screening programs: A sociopsychological study. PHs Publication No. 572. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Hosmer, D.W. & Lemeshow, S. (1989). Assessing goodness of fit. Applied Logistic Regression. A Wiley-interscience Publication, John Wiley d Sons. pp. 135-173. Hyma, B., Ramesh, A. & Gunasekaran, K.(1989). Lymphatic filariasis in Madras, India. Social Science and Medicine. : 29(8), 983-990. Joreskog, K.G. (1973). "A general Method of Estimating a Linear Equation System". In: A.S. Goldberger and 0.D.Duncan (eds.), Structural Equation Models in the Social Sciences, New York, pp. 85-112. Joreskog, K.G. (1977). "Structural Equation Models in the Social Sciences." Specification, Estimation, and Testing. In: P.R. Krishnaiah (ed.). Application of Statistics, Amsterdam, pp. 265-287. Joreskog, K.G. and Sorbom, D. (1978). LISREL IV: Analysis of Linear Structural Relations by the Method of Mavimum Likelihood, Chicago. Joreskog, K.G. and Sorbom, D. (1986). LISREL VI: Analysis of Linear Structural Relationships by Maximum Likelihood. Instrumental Variables and Least Square Methods, Mooresville, Indiana. Kahn, H.A. & Sempos, C.T. (1989). Sample size calculation using Odds Ratio. Statistical Methods in Epidemiology, Oxford University Press: pp. 64-71.

Kazura, J.W., Spark, R., Forsyth, K., Brown, G., Heywood, P., Peters, P. & Alpers, M. (1984). Parasitologic and clinical features of bancroftian filariasis in a community in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: 33,1119-23. Kirscht, J.P. (1974). The health belief model and illness behaviour. Health Education Monographs, 2,387-408. KrickPatrick, J. (1979). The sociology of an Indian Ward. Firma K L. M Pvt. Ltd, Calcutta. Lammie, P.J., Hitch, W.L., Allen, E.M.W., Hightower, W. & Eberhard, M.L. (1991). Maternal filarial infection as risk factor for infection in children. Lancet: 337, 1005-6. Ly A.G., Valencia, L.B., De Las Llagas, L., Baltazar, J & Cahanding, M.L. (1983). The Social aspect of Filariasis in the Philippines, South East Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health : 14,40-46 Lu, A.G., Valencia, L.B., Llagas, L, Aballa, L & Postrado, L. (1988). Filariasis: A study of knowledge, attitudes and practices of the people of Sorsogon, Social and Economic Research Project Reports No. 1. TDWSER/PRS/l. WHO. Maizels, R.M., & Lawrence, R. (1991). immunological tolerance: the key feature in human filariasis? Parasitology Today: 7,271-6. Mak, J.W. (1986). Problems in filariasis control and the need for human behaviour and socio-economic research., South East Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. : 17(3), 479-485. Manson-Bahr PEC & Apted FIC. (1982). Manson's Tropical Diseases, 18th edn, Bailliere Tindall, London, pp. 148-180. Michael, E., Bundy, D.A.P. & Grenfell, B.T. (1995a). Re-assessing the global prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology: 112,409-428. Michael, E., Bundy, D.A.P., Ottesen, E. & Ramachandran, C.P. (1995b). The global burden of lymphatic filariasis. In The burden of Disease (ed. Murray, K.S, & Lopez, A.D.), Geneva: World Health Organization. Muench, H. (1959). Catalytic Models in Epidemiology, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Muhondwa, E.P.Y. (1983). Community participation in filariasis control: The Tanzania experiment. TDR/SER/SSW%(4)/WP/83.13.

Murray, C.J.L., Lopez, A.D. & Jamison, D.T. (1994) The global burden of disease in 1990. Summary results, sensitivity analysis and future directions. In Global Comparative Assessments in the Health Sector. Disease Burden, Expenditure and Intervention Packages (ed C.J.L. Murray & Ad Lopez) World Health Organization, Geneva, pp. 97-13 8. Nair, C.P. (1960). Filariasis in centrally administered areas. Part I. Filaria survey of Pondicheny settlement. Indian Journal of Malariologv: 14,233-52. National Filaria Control Programme. Annual Reports 1982-1989. Directorate of National Malaria Eradication Programme, 1982-1989. Ottesen, E.A. (1989). Filariasis now. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: 41,9-17. Pani, S.P., Das, L.K., Balakrishnan, N., Sadanandane, C., Rajavel, A.R., Subramanian, S. & Vanamail, P. (1989). A study on the clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis in Pondicherry, South India. Indian Medical Gazette: C23,lll-115. Pani, S.P., Balaluishnan, N., Srividya, A., Bundy, D.A.P. & Grenfell, B.T. (1 991). Clinical epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis: effect of age and gender. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: 85, 260-264. Pani, S.P., Yuvaraj, J., Vanamail, P., Dhanda, V., Michael, E., Grenfell, B.T. & Bundy, D.A.P. (1995). Episodic adenolymphangitis and lymphoedema in patients with bancroftian filariasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: 89,72-74. Panicker, K.N., Jayasree, M. & Krishnamoorthy, K. (1992). A cost benefit analysis of fish culture strategy towards the control of mansonioides in Shertallai, Kerala state. Indian Journal of Medical Research: 95,157-160. Panvisavas, S. & Ithijarukul, B. (1988). Knowledge, belief, attitude and behaviour about filariasis of the people. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, MahidoI University, Thiland. Park, K. (1997). Demography and family Planning,In : Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine.14th Edition,Jabalpar : Banarsides Bhanot Publisherss.PP 310-391. Raccurt, C.P., Mojon, M. & Hodges, W.H. (1984). Parasitological, serological, and clinical studies of Wuchereria bancrofti in Limbe, Haiti. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygience: 33,1124-9.

Raccust, C.P., Lowrie, R.C. JR., Katz, S.P. & Dwerseau, Y.T. (1988). Epidemiology of Wuchereria bancroji in Leogane, Haiti. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: 82,721-5. Rajagopalan, P.K. & Das, P.K. (1987). The Pondicherry Project on Integrated Disease Vector Control. Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry. Rajagopalan, P.K., Das, P.K., Subramanian, S., Vanamail, P. & Ramaiah, K.D. (1 989). Bancroftian filariasis in Pondicheny, south India. 1. Pre-control epidemiological observations. Epidemiology and Infiction: 103,685-92. Ramaiah, K.D., Pani, S.P., Balakrishnan, N., Sadanandane, C., Das, L.K., Mariappan, T., Rajavel, A.R., Vanamail, P. & Subramanian, S. (1989): Prevalence of bancroftian filariasis and its control by single course of diethyl carbamazine in a rural area in Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Medical Research: 89,184-191. Ramaiah, K.D., Vijay Kumar, K.N. & Ramu, K. (1996). Knowledge and beliefs about transmission, prevention and control of lymphatic filariasis in rural areas of South India. Tropical Medicine and International Health: Vol 1 No. 4,433-438. Ramaiah, K.D., Das, P.K., Edwin, M. & Guyatt, H. (2000). The economic burden of lymphatic filariasis in India. Parasitology Today : 16,25 1-253. Rao, C.K., Datta, K.K., Sundaram, R.M., Ramaprasad, K., Sundara Rao, J., Venkata narayana, M., Nath, V.V.N., Krishna Rao, P., Krishna Rao, Ch., Das, M. & Sharma, S.P. (1980). Epidemiological studies in bancroftian fiflariasis in East Godavari District (Andra Pradesh): baseline filariometric indices. Indian Journal of Medical Research: 71,712-20. Rath, R.N., Das, P.K., Mishra, G., Mohapatra, B.N. & Ramakrishna, C. (1984). Bancroftian filariasis in two selected rural communities in Puri district, Orissa - A comparative study of filariometric data. Journal of Communicable Disease: 16, 104-112. Rauyajin, 0 & Kamthomwachara, B. (1991). Social and cultural aspects of filariasis prevention and its determinants in Nakom-Srithammarat province, Southem Thailand. unpublished manuscript. WDP/World BanWWI;O special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) Grant No. 890-569. Rauyajin, 0 & Kamthomwachara, B.,Yablo (1993). Recent advances in the social and behavioral aspects of filariasis., South East Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health : 2,82-90.

Riji, H.M. (1983). Cultural factors in the epideaniology of filariasis due to bmgia malayi in an endemic community in Malaysis., South East Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. : 14(1), 3439. Riji, H.M. (1986). Comparison of knowledge on filariasis and epidemiologic factors between infected and uninfected respondents in a Malay community., South East Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. : 17(3), 457-463. Rosenstock, I.M. (1966). Why people use health services Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 44,94-124. Sabry, M. (1992). Critical analysis of an epidemetrons model for the assessment of bancroftian filariasis endemicity in some areas in egypt. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: 95,260-265. Sarrna, R.V.S.N., Vallishayee, R.S., Mayurnath, S., Narayanan, P.R., Radhamani, M.P. & Tripathy, S.P. (1987). Prevalence survey of filariasis in two villages of Chingleput district of Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Medical Research: 85,522-530. Sasa, M. (1974). Methods for estimating the efficiency of detection of microfilariae in various volumes of blood samples. Southeast Asian Journal for Tropical Medicine and Public Health: 5,197-210. Schultz, G.W. (1988). A study of Bancrofiian filariasis on the islands of Batan abd Rap& Philippines., South East Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. : 19(2), 207-214. SchweinfUrth, U. (1983). Filarial diseases in Ceylon: A geographical and historical analysis. Ecol. Dis. :2(4), 309-319. Senathsien, S. (1991). Risk factors of filariasis, Wucheria bancrofti in Mae-Ramat District, Tak Province. MSc theszs(unpublished), Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. Sharma, S.P., Biswas, H., Das, M. & Dwivedi, S.R. (1983). Present status of the filariasis problem in India. Journal of Communicable Disease: 15,53-60. Snedecor, G.W. & Cochran, W.G. (1967). University Press, Arnes, Iowa: pp414. Statistical Methods (The Iowa State Srividya, A., Pani, S.P., Rajagopalan, P.K., Bundy, D.A.P. & Grenfell, B.T. (1991). The dynamics of infection and disease in bancroftian filariasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: 85,255-9.

Subramanian, S., Pani, S.P., Das, P.K. & Rajagopalan, P.K. (1989). Bancroftian filariasis in Pondicheny, South India: 2. Epidemiological evaluation of the effect of vector control. Epidemiology Infection: 103,693-702. Surendran, K. (1993). An epidemiological study of bancroftian filarial disease in Pondicheny. Dissertation submitted to the Pondicherry University in partial fupment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Medicine (Branch-XY) Community Medicine. pp.6-7. Surendran, K., Pani, S.P., Soudarssanane, M.B., Srinivasa, D.K., Bordolai, P.C. & Subramanian, S. (1996). Natural history, trend of prevalence and spectrum of manifestations of Bancroftian filarial disease in Pondicheny (South India). Acta Tropica: 61,9-18. Vanamail, P., Subramanian, S., Das, P.K., Pani, S.P., ]Rajagopalan, P.K., Bundy, D.A.P. & Grenfell, B.T. (1989a). Estimation of age-specific rates of acquisition and loss of Wuchereria bancrofti infection. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: 83,689-93. Vanamail, P., Subramanian, S., Das, P.K., Pani, S.P. & Bundy, D.A.P. (1989b). Familial clustering in Wuchereria bancrofti infection. Tropical Biomedicine: 6,67-71. Vanamail, P., Ramaiah, K.D., Krishnamoorthy, K., Pani, S.P. & Das, P.K. (1992). Distribution of microfilaria carriers and clinical cases of bancroftian filariasis in relation to family size in an urban situation. Tropical Biomedicine: 9,91-98. Wada, Y., Tsuda, Y. & Suenaga, 0. (1989). Transmission dynamics of Diro$laria immitis in a Southwestern part of Japan. Tropical Medicine: 31,35-47. Webber, R.H. (1975). Theoretical considerations in the vector control of filariasis. Southeast Asian Journal for Tropical Medicine and Public Health: 6,544-8. Wijers, D.J.B. & Kaleli, N. (1984). Bancroftian filariasis in Kenya: V. Mass treatment given by members of the local community. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology: 78(4), 383-394. World Bank (1993). World Development Report Investing in Health: New York, Oxford University Press. (mimeogr). World Health Organization (1994). Lymphatic Filariasis infection and disease: control strategies. TDWCTD~li'ILPENANG/94.1 World Health Organization (1997). Lymphatic Filariasis: Reasons for hope. WHO/CTD/IFIW9 %4:1-20.