Lab IV Anurans
Announcements/Reminders Don t forget Exam 1 will be Feb. 24! Trip to St. Louis Zoo will be on Feb 26.
You should know FAMILIES of the WORLD** GENERA of the UNITED STATES SPECIES of ILLINOIS **We have followed the taxonomy accepted by amphibia web. Due to craziness in the reorganization of anuran families, more or less families may appear on other websites you may see.
Basics Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia Order Anura There are approx. 29 currently recognized families of anurans. Don t panic, we ll get through it together. Deep breath.here we go *again, pictures not individually cited are from amphiba web
Ascaphidae Tailed Frogs Meaning: without spade Found in BC south to N. Cali
Bombinatoridae Fire Bellied Toads Vocalize on inhale instead of exhale Unken reflex
True Toads HUGE family Bufonidae Meaning: Bufo = toad FYI toads do NOT cause warts!!! Cane Toad Invasive species in Australia Golden Toad. Extinct?
Bufonidae IL Species: B. americanus normally spotted venter, 1-2 large warts in each dark spot B. fowleri normally plain venter, 3 or more small warts in each dark spot
Centrolenidae* Glass Frogs Green bones Skin on venter is transparent
Dendrobatidae* Poison Dart Frogs Becoming increasingly popular as pets Phyllobates terribilis Most toxic frog in the world!
Dendrobatidae*
Discoglossidae* Disc tongued frogs and midwife toads Females of some species vocalize
Tree Frogs Hylidae Huge family, tons of diversity Meaning: Greek mythology Hylas, friend of Hercules
IL Species Hylidae Hyla cinerea Can be told apart only by voice! Hyla chrysoscelis Hyla versicolor orange to golden yellow flash patches
Hyla avivoca* Hylidae Smooth skin Light spot under each eye Dark bars on arms and legs Green to yellow yellowish green patches in groin and inner thigh P. feriarum can be most easily differentiated from P. triseriata by the striping running down the back. In P. triseriata the striping is stronger and less broken.
IL Species Hylidae Acris crepitans warty skin, dark triangle b/t eyes Pseudacris crucifer dark X on back Pseudacris streckeri dark spot under eye, no toe pads, stout body Pseudacris triseriata strongly striped
Hylidae Pseudacris feriarum* usually with three broad dark stripes running down the dorsum that are broken into dots or dashes webbing absent between toes slightly expanded toe pads dark triangle between the eyes may be present dark lateral stripe continues well past the eye a light line along the P. feriarum can be most easily differentiated from P. triseriata by the striping running upper lip is present down the back. In P. triseriata the striping is stronger and less broken.
Leptodactylidae Largest frog family, ~1300 species Lepto = fine, slender daktylos = digits Lake Titicaca Frog Ceratophrys ornata Demon frog?? Coqui
Microhylidae Narrow-mouth Toads
IL Species Microhylidae Our IL friend. Gastrophryne carolinensis Gastro = belly phryne = toad
Myobatrachidae Terrestrial Australian Frogs
Pelobatidae Spadefoot Toads Scaphiopus comes from skaphis (shovel) and pous (foot)
IL Species Microhylidae Scaphiopus holbrooki, our IL rep.
Pipidae Tongueless Frogs Dorsoventrally flattened bodies Fully webbed hind feet Xenopus oh so popular in genetic studies and the pet trade Pipa pipa Surinam toad
True Frogs Ranidae Meaning: rana probably mimics how people heard their calls back in the day (which was a Wednesday)
IL Species Ranidae Rana catesbeiana no dorso-lateral ridges Rana clamitans has dorso-lateral ridges
IL Species Ranidae Rana blairi stockier than pipiens with a distinct light line on upper jaw, yellow in groin area Rana areolata short and stubby appearance Rana palustris squarish spots, yellow on legs Rana pipiens shorter, less pointed head than spenocephala, spot on snout Rana sphenocephala light spot in center of tympanum, no spot on snout
Asian Tree Frogs Rhacophoridae Arboreal, enlarged toe-disks, some can glide Horizontal pupils Nyctixalus pictus Rhacophorus kio Chiromantis rufescens
Rhinophrynidae* Mexican Burrowing Frogs Only 1 species Rhinophrynus dorsalis Specialized for eating ants
Tadpoles Be sure to look over diagrams of tadpole types in lab handout You may be tested on the types (i.e. Type I, Type II, etc.) but will not be shown a preserved tadpole and expected to ID it
Frog Calls Pay close attention to this section of your lab handout makes great test questions Frog call CDs are available from the TAs You are responsible for knowing calls of native species only USGS has a great website: http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/frogquiz/
Today s Lab Look at all the wonderful preserved specimens Want a frog call CD? Pick one up Have fun! Highly Recommended Movie www.innovations-report.com/.../report-54824.html http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/01/frog-eats-snake.php