Diagnostic Lab Submissions Heather Walz DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVP Thompson Bishop Sparks State Diagnostic Lab Department of Agriculture and Industries
AVDL Organization and Mission Sample Packaging and Submission TBSSDL Laboratories, Staff, Tests Common Diseases Overview
Auburn Alabama Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System Hanceville Elba Boaz
Department of Agriculture and Industries John McMillan, Commissioner Agricultural Industries Dr. Tony Frazier, State Veterinarian Auburn Boaz Elba Hanceville
Pathologists-Diagnosticians Drs. Kelly, Slaten, McCall, Nuehring, Walz, Pope, Steury, Rowe, Li, Perry, Pugh, and Chowdhury (MAP student) 13 Microbiologists, 15 Techs, 3 Chemists Hanceville Boaz Cattle Necropsies>400 Small Ruminant Necropsies>700 Poultry Necropsies>20,000 Auburn Elba
AVDL LAB SYSTEM ACCESSIONS 2017 TBSSDL: 2017: 21,185 2016: 21,331 2015: 20,704 2014: 19,332 2013: 21,672 Elba: 4,477 Boaz: 2,255 Hanceville: 1,414 TOTAL AVDL ACCESSIONS 2017: 29, 331 2016: 25,494 2015: 24,588 2014: 22, 583 2013: 25, 953
AVDL System Full service pathology laboratories Pathology Microbiology Serology Toxicology Purpose Determine the cause of animal sickness or death Disease surveillance and regulatory testing Serving Veterinarians, livestock and poultry producers, wildlife authorities, apiary, individual animal owners, other local, state and federal agencies
www.labs.alabama.gov
Serology
Serology Anaplasma-c-ELISA Bluetongue: AGID Bovine leukemia virus (BLV): AGID Caprine Arthritis & Encephalitis virus (CAE): AGID Brucellosis Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD): AGID IgG (bovine only): immunodiffusion assay Johne s ELISA (IDEXX): cattle only Testing sheep and goat ELISA Neospora: ELISA Pseudorabies ELISA ABORTION PROFILE: Lepto, Brucella, Neospora, BVDV, IBR, Anaplasma, Bluetongue
Bacteriology
Bacteriology Routine aerobic and anaerobic cultures Milk samples, including mycoplasmas Cryptosporidium-Acid fast stain on feces Leptospira titers Brucella abortus and Brucella spp. Campylobacter fetus Dermatophilus sp. Mycoplasma spp. Salmonella: definitive serotyping sent to NVSL Clostridium chauvoei FA Johne s disease (CATTLE ONLY): feces, positive results confirmed by PCR Clostridium perfringens, toxin typing can be performed by request
Molecular Detection
PCR BVDV: spleen +/- lung, ileum, lymph node, thymus IBR: lung BRSV: lung Mycoplasma: lung, swab, respiratory mucus Bluetongue/Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD): Spleen Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED): intestine or feces Swine influenza virus (SIV): nasal swab in BHI broth, lung Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD): vesicular fluid, oral lesion Trichomonas: TF Transit Tube-do not refrigerate
Virology
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Spring-2018: CWD ELISA testing will be performed at TBSSDL -We will no longer accept formalin-fixed tissue, fresh tissue will be required Virology Obex and lymph nodes required in captive deer CWD reported in West-central Mississippi on February 9 th 2018 4-year-old white-tailed deer in Issaquena County Alabama has been testing for CWD since 2002
Rotavirus-antigen capture ELISA -intestine, feces Virology Bovine coronavirus FA -lung, intestine Contagious Ecthyma -skin lesion Parainfluenza-3 FA -lung
Virology: BVDV ear notch-test of choice to detect PI cattle IHC: BVDV antigen in hair follicular epithelium TBSSDL: Antigen capture ELISA (ACE) $5.00 sample plus $10.00 accession fee *Positive results confirmed with PCR at no additional charge
Virology Serologic tests - BVDV Serum Neutralization (SN) IBR SN PI3: SN BRSV: SN
Field option: Cattle ear notch testing: BVDV SNAP (IDEXX ) -caution in nursing calves
Optimal time period for persistent fetal infection gestational days 45-125
Toxicology
Common tests for ruminants Lead: kidney Arsenic: kidney Selenium: liver Copper: liver 295 µg/dl Zinc: liver 495 µg/dl Magnesium: 524 µg/dl vitreous 295295295 µg/dl 495 µg/dl 524 µg/dl Calcium (total): vitreous Insecticides: rumen content Ruminal ph: content
Toxicology Tests Mycotoxin testing: Ochratoxin Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 Fumonisin B1 Deoxynivalenol (DON) Ionophores: -Dry feed only Monensin Salinomycin Narasin Lasalocid by request
Ammonia testing on aqueous -AU-CVM Clinical Pathology $6.38/sample (red top tube) Cows not suspected of ammonia toxicity 295 ug/dl 495 ug/dl 524 ug/dl Cows suspected of ammonia toxicity 3,736 ug/dl 6,101 ug/dl 4,118 ug/dl 4,671 ug/dl 2,631 ug/dl 1,479 ug/dl
Nitrate nitrogen -Reading for nitrate is multiplied by 4.43 (if 5)=22.15 (Detection limit) -Any pink reading should be sent in to be confirmed.
~fast ~slow Nitrate Nitrite Ammonia \/ hemoglobin methemoglobin Nitrate (N) safety Concentrations in Hay 1,000 ppm or less Nitrate level is safe under all conditions 1,000-1,500 ppm Nitrate level is safe for non-pregnant cows (Pregnant cows - feed should be limited to 50% of total ration) 1,500-2,000 ppm Limit to < 50% of the total dry matter intake 2,000-3,500 ppm Limit to < 40% of total dry matter intake 3,500-4,000 ppm Limit to < 25% of dry matter intake (Do not feed to pregnant animals) >4,000 ppm Do not feed Nitrate testing on feed: Soil, Forage, & Water Testing Laboratory (Soil test lab) Alabama Cooperative Extension System, ALFA Building, Auburn
Pathology Dr. Chowdhury Dr. Nuehring Dr. Perry Dr. Pope Dr. Steury Walz
Epizoo tic Hemor rhagic EHD: Diseas e closely (EHD) Orbivirus related to bluetongue Images from Dr. Kelley Steury
EHD
Deer: GI hemorrhage -EHD or Clostridium perfringens Cattle -Gross necropsyand histology are diagnostic
Fungal pneumonia Photo from Dr. Kelley Steury
Wild deer with brain abscesses
BRD
Consolidated lung sections
PI calves
Pulmonary abscess
Pulmonary abscess -aerobic and -anaerobic
Anaplasmosis Serology c-elisa Necropsy Impression smears Cytology AU-CVM Trends: Increased abortions reported in KS and these dams were seropositive for Anaplasma Photo Courtesy of Dr. Kelley Steury
Visceral Blackleg -Gross -Histo -FA Differential: Hardware Photo Courtesy of Dr. Kelley Steury
Blackleg myonecrosis Photo Courtesy of Dr. Kelley Steury
Cattle, sheep, goats, alpacas, deer Serous atrophy of fat: epicardial fat, perirenal fat, bone marrow
Pale musculature, fascia, and organs Photo Courtesy of Dr. Kelley Steury
Endoparasitism
Photo Courtesy of Dr. Kelley Steury
Cow: Abomasal ulcer
AAVLD Accredited labs in Auburn and Boaz -moving towards the accreditation process in other labs We are working to develop new tests and expand our capabilities to meet our client needs. Summary Acknowledgements We want to work with veterinarians and owners to help with sample submissions to increase the frequency a diagnosis can be made. We value your feedback and hope to continue an open line of communication. We are thankful for the support we receive from our clients, Drs. Pugh and Frazier, and Commissioner McMillan.