Figure 16-1
Figure 16-2
Hypothalamus Releasing factor Releasing factor Anterior pituitary ACTH signals adrenal cortex to glucocorticoids ACTH signals adrenal cortex to glucocorticoids Glucocorticoids Glucocorticoids Adrenal cortex Figure 16-3
Figure 16-4
2 1 10 11 9 12 17 13 16 14 15 8 3 7 5 4 6 Figure 16-5
Figure 16-6
TABLE 16-1 Signs of Inflammation Sign Explanation Pain Heat Redness Pain is due to tissue swelling and release of chemicals such as prostaglandin Heat is due to increased blood accumulation and pyrogens (feverproducing substances) that interfere with temperature regulation Redness occurs in the early phase of inflammation due to blood accumulation in the area of tissue injury from chemical release (such as prostaglandins and histamine) Swelling Swelling occurs in the delayed phase of inflammation because kinins dilate arterioles and increase capillary permeability. This increased capillary permeability allows plasma to leak into the interstitial tissue at the injury site Decreased range of Function is lost due to fluid accumulation at the injury site motion Pain also decreases mobility to an area Figure 16-1
TABLE 16-2 Corticosteroids Used in Veterinary Medicine Generic Name Example(s) of Trade Names Preparation Duration of Action cortisone Cortone Tablets, injection, ophthalmic Short ointment/suspension hydrocortisone Cortef Tablets, oral suspension, topical Short Solu-Cortef cream, lotion, ointment, injection prednisone/prednisolone Deltasone Tablets, injection, Intermediate Meticorten ophthalmic ointment prednisolone sodium Solu-Delta-Cortef Injection Intermediate succinate methylprednisolone Medrol Tablets Intermediate methylprednisolone Depo-Medrol Suspension for injection Intermediate acetate triamcinolone Vetalog Tablets, suspension for Intermediate injection, topical cream Table 16-2
TABLE 16-3 NSAIDs Used in Animals Pyrazole Salicylates Derivatives Propionic Acid Miscellaneous aspirin phenylbutazone ibuprofen flunixin (Buazolidin, (Motrin, Advil) meglumine Equipalazone, ketoprofen (Banamine, Butatron ) (Ketofen, Orudis ) Finadyne ) carprofen (Rimadyl ) DMSO (Domoso ) naproxen etodolac (Equiproxen ) (EtoGesic ) (Deramaxx ) (Metacam ) (Zubrin ) meclofenamic acid (Arquel ) deracoxib meloxicam tepoxalin Table 16-3
TABLE 16-4 Antihistamines Used in Veterinary Medicine Generic Name diphenhydramine dimenhydrinate chlorpheniramine pyrilamine maleate triplelennamine hydrochloride terfenadine hydroxyzine HCl meclizine Trade Name Examples Benadryl Histacalm Shampoo Dramamine Chlor-Trimeton Histavet-P PBZ PBZ-SR Seldane Atarax Bonine Antivert D-Vert Table 16-4
16-5 Drugs Covered in This Chapter Drug Category Example Glucocorticoids NSAIDs Miscellaneous anti-inflammatory/ antipyretic agents Antihistamines cortisone prednisone hydrocortisone prednisolone methylprednisolone dexamethasone betamethasone triamcinolone flucinolone aspirin phenylbutazone ibuprofen, ketoprofen, carprofen, naproxen flunixin meglumine DMSO etodolac meclofenamic acid hyaluronic acid PGAGs glucosamine chondroitin sulfate orgotein diphenhydramine dimenhydrinate pyrilamine maleate triplelennamine hydrochloride terfenadine hydroxyzine meclizine Analgesics narcotics (see Chapter 7) non-narcotic (see anti-inflammatories section) Table 16-5