Unit C: Field Records. Lesson 3: Poultry Production and Record Keeping

Unit C: Field Records Lesson 3: Poultry Production and Record Keeping Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives: 1. Understand the importance of record keeping in poultry production. 2. Identify record keeping systems used in poultry production. 3. Complete different record keeping forms used in poultry production. Recommended Teaching Time: 1 hour Recommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching this lesson: 4-H Poultry Production and Records. Cooperative Extension Service of Mississippi State University. http://www.msstate.edu/dept/poultry/4hrecord.htm Importance of Record Keeping. Poultry Industry Council. http://poultryindustrycouncil.ca/compendium-record_keeping.html. List of Equipment, Tools, Supplies, and Facilities: Writing surface PowerPoint Projector PowerPoint Slides Transparency Masters Copies of student worksheets Terms: The following terms are presented in this lesson (shown in bold italics and on PowerPoint Slide 2): Breeding stock Broilers Chicks Layers Mortality Poults Pullets 1

Interest Approach: Begin a discussion about record keeping. Why do we need records? What are the benefits? What industries use record keeping? What type of records would poultry producers utilize? Bridge this discussion into the first objective. SUMMARY OF CONTENT AND TEACHING STRATEGIES Objective 1: Understand the importance of record keeping in poultry production. Anticipated Problem: Why is record keeping in poultry production important? (PowerPoint Slide 3) I. Record keeping is extremely important to successful poultry production. A. Financial decisions-before creating a budget or making important and costly financial decisions, records need to be analyzed. B. Feeding decisions-records are useful in deciding what types of feed rations, the quantity of feed rations, and the effectiveness of a specific feed ration. (PowerPoint Slide 4) C. Breeding decisions-when deciding which birds to mate, past breeding records can be put to use. D. Productivity of birds-records should be kept on the productivity of birds (eggs, reproduction, pounds of meat, etc.) to be used when the flock must be culled. Use TM: 3-1 to further explain this objective. Engage students in a discussion about the connection of records and their importance. Objective 2: Identify record keeping systems used in poultry production. Anticipated Problem: What systems of record keeping are used in poultry production? II. There are several different types of records to keep in poultry production. (PowerPoint Slide 5) A. These systems vary by many factors. 1. Species raised - The records kept for different species of poultry are going to differ because of the different uses. For example chicken records are going to be different from turkey records. (PowerPoint Slide 6) 2. Breed raised - Certain breeds are raised for a specific purpose (laying, broilers, breeding), and therefore need different records. 3. Type of bird - The type of bird raised is going to determine the record keeping system. Some chickens are raised for egg production (for consumption), egg production (for repopulating), meat production, etc. 2

(PowerPoint Slide 7) B. There are different records to keep for chickens. 1. Chicks chicks are young birds before the growth process has started. The records for chicks may include date hatched, date moved to pullet/broiler house, feed consumption, and water consumption. (PowerPoint Slide 8) 2. Pullets pullets are birds growing to become layers. Certain records to be kept for these birds include feed consumption, water consumption, and light-dark hours. 3. Layers layers are female birds that are in the stage of laying eggs. Records needed include feed consumption, water consumption, and egg production. (PowerPoint Slide 9) 4. Broilers broilers are raised to be harvested for chicken meat to consume. Specific records may include feed consumption, water consumption, weight, average daily gain, days on feed, and processing date. 5. Breeding stock breeding stock are used to produce birds to repopulate the flock. Breeding date, birds mated, and hatching date are examples of important records. (PowerPoint Slide 10) C. Turkeys require specific records. 1. Poults poults are young birds that will be raised to be harvested for consumption. Specific records may include feed consumption, water consumption, weight, average daily gain, days on feed, and processing date. 2. Breeding Stock breeding stock are used to produce birds to repopulate the flock. Breeding date, birds mated, and hatching date are examples of important records to keep. Use TM: 3-2 to check for student understanding. Tie this discussion in with the next objective. Objective 3: Complete different record keeping forms used in poultry production. Anticipated Problem: How do you complete record keeping forms used in poultry production? (PowerPoint Slides 11 and 12) III. Whenever you begin a record keeping system, you must learn about the information requested on each form. A. Mortality (death) of birds every day a record should be taken of any birds that did not survive. B. Feed used daily records need to be taken on the quantity of feed fed to birds. C. Cost Financial records must be kept of any items bought or sold, e.g. feed, veterinary costs, equipment, supplies, birds, etc. 3

D. Vaccinations Specific vaccinations may be needed, depending on the bird and location of production facility. An accurate record must be kept to insure sufficient withdrawal times. (PowerPoint Slide 13) E. Hens removed Periodically hens must be removed from the flock when their productivity is too low. Be sure to keep record of which bird, when she was removed, and the reason for removal. F. Eggs produced Eggs must be collected and recorded daily. Be sure to include any inconsistency noticed. Use WS: 3-1, WS: 3-2, and WS: 3-3 for a hands-on approach to this objective. Review/Summary: Focus the review and summary of the lesson around the student learning objectives (PowerPoint Slide 14). Call on students to explain the content associated with each objective. Application: Application can involve one or more of the following student activities using attached lab sheets: WS: 3-1 Brooding Record WS: 3-2 Pullet Growing Record WS: 3-3 Monthly Laying Flock Record Evaluation: Evaluation should focus on student achievement of the objectives for the lesson. Various techniques can be used, such as student performance on the application activity. A sample written test is included. 4

Answers to Sample Test: Matching 1. C 2. F 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. E Fill-in-the-blank 1. Mortality 2. Poults, breeding stock 3. Species, breed, bird Short Answer 1. Use Objective 1 for scoring. 2. Use Objective 3 for scoring. 5

Poultry Production and Record Keeping Sample Test Name: Matching: Match each word with the correct definition. a. breeding stock d. layers b. broilers e. poults c. chicks f. pullets 1. Young birds. 2. Birds growing to become layers. 3. Female birds that are in the stage of laying eggs. 4. Raised to be processed for meat to be consumed. 5. Used to produce birds to repopulate the flock. 6. Young birds that will be raised to be processed for consumption. Fill-in-the-blank: Complete the following statements. 1. is death of birds. 2. Turkeys require specific records for and. 3. The record keeping systems differ based on raised, raised, and type of. Short Answer: Answer the following questions. 1. What are four reasons to use record keeping in poultry production? 2. What are five different pieces of information requested on record keeping forms for poultry production? 6

TM: 3-1 IMPORTANCE OF RECORDS Financial decisions Feeding decisions Breeding decisions Productivity of birds 7

TM: 3-2 RECORD KEEPING SYSTEMS Vary Depending Upon: Species Breed Type of bird Chickens Chicks Pullets Layers Broilers Breeding stock Turkeys Poults Breeding stock 8

TM: 3-3 INFORMATION ON FORMS Mortality Feed used Cost Vaccinations Hens removed Eggs produced 9

Utilize the following story to fill in WS: 3-1. On April 1, you travelled 30 km to buy twenty-five local-grown chicks which were bought for 20000 AFN. They were raised for the next 4 weeks on a chick starter diet. From there, you fed them a grower ration until week 9, when you fed a broiler feed. For the total length of these ten weeks, a total of 12.5 kg of chick starter was used, 25 kg of grower was fed, and 50 kg of broiler feed. The chick starter was 400 AFN, 600 AFN was the cost of the grower, and the broiler feed cost 800 AFN. All the prices are for 25 kg of feed. Each time you needed to buy another bag (25kg of feed), you drove to the local feed store 15 km away using 25 AFN worth of fuel. As these chicks grew for 10 weeks, some did not survive. During week 1, you lost 1 bird on Tuesday and another on Thursday. Week 2 brought on 1 death on Saturday. During week 3, no birds were lost; however 3 birds were lost during week 4, one on Sunday, one on Wednesday, and one on Friday. Week 5 again brought no deaths, but during week 6, 2 birds were lost on Wednesday. During the remaining weeks, one bird was lost each week. During week 7, the death occurred on Monday. Tuesday of week 8 and Thursday of week 9, 1 death was found. And the last bird lost was found on Friday of week 10. At the conclusion of week 10, you sold six birds for 7000 AFN total. Footnote: This story may not be an accurate representation of poultry production in Afghanistan. Please substitute real data if it is available. 10

WS: 3-1 BROODING RECORD Date chicks started: No. chicks started: Breed or cross: Mortality (number of chicks that died) Week Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Total 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 th Total: Feed Used Chick starter kg Cost AFN Cost of fuel AFN Grower kg Cost AFN Cost of chicks AFN Broiler Feed kg Cost AFN Cost of feed AFN Other kg Cost AFN Other AFN TOTAL kg Cost AFN Total AFN Chicks dead to end of brooding period Weight of feed used per chick started Weight of feed used per chick raised Income (birds sold or used as broilers) Expenses Net profit or loss 11

WS KEY: 3-1 BROODING RECORD Date chicks started: April 1 No. chicks started: 50 Breed or cross: local grown Mortality (number of chicks that died) Week Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Total 1 st 1 1 2 2 nd 1 1 3 rd 0 4 th 1 1 1 3 5 th 0 6 th 2 2 7 th 1 1 8 th 1 1 9 th 1 1 10 th 1 1 Total: _12 Feed Used Chick starter _12.5 kg Cost _200 AFN Cost of fuel _75 AFN Grower _25 kg Cost _600 AFN Cost of chicks _20000 AFN Broiler Feed _50 kg Cost _1600 AFN Cost of feed _2400 AFN Other _0 kg Cost _0 AFN Other _0 AFN TOTAL _82.5 kg Cost _2400 AFN Total _22475 AFN Chicks dead to end of brooding period _12 Weight of feed used per chick started 82.5/50=1.65 Weight of feed used per chick raised 82.5/38=2.17 Income (birds sold or used as broilers)_7000 Expenses 22475 Net profit or loss -15475 12

Utilize the following story to fill in WS: 3-2. At the 10 th week of growing, you have 32 birds. Mortality through the pullet growing stage is extremely decreased. One death during the 12 th week and 2 during the 14 th week. No deaths until one during the 18 th week and two more during the 21 st week. The final death was during the 25 th week. Vaccinations began during this time. During the 12 th week, you administered 2 fowl pox vaccines at 250 AFN each. The 16 th week brought on 2 Newcastle vaccinations at 600 AFN each. 4 Bronchitis vaccines were given during the 20 th week that each cost 400 AFN. The final vaccinations of Fowl Pox were given to 3 birds, costing 350 AFN, during the 24 th week. Feeding during this period was on five week intervals. For weeks 10 through 14, 20 kg of grower was fed. For weeks 15 through 19, 25 kg of grower was fed. Finally 30 kg of grower was fed for weeks 20 through 25. The grower feed cost 600 AFN per 25 kg. No other feed was used. Footnote: This story may not be an accurate representation of poultry production in Afghanistan. Please substitute real data if it is available. 13

WS: 3-2 PULLET GROWING RECORD (Starts at 10 th week and ends at the completion of week first eggs were laid) Number of birds at 10 weeks Mortality (number of pullets that died) 10 th week 16 th week 22 nd week 11 th week 17 th week 23 rd week 12 th week 18 th week 24 th week 13 th week 19 th week 25 th week 14 th week 20 th week 15 th week 21 st week TOTAL Vaccination Record Date Fowl Pox Bronchitis Newcastle Cost Total Cost of Vaccination 10 th week 11 th week 12 th week 13 th week 14 th week 15 th week 16 th week 17 th week 18 th week 19 th week 20 th week 21 st week 22 nd week 23 rd week 24 th week 25 th week Weight Feed Used Grower Other Cost Total Feed Costs Number of birds that died during growing period Pounds weight per pullet for the growing period Brooding costs AFN Pullet growing costs AFN Total cost to date AFN 14

WS KEY: 3-2 PULLET GROWING RECORD (Starts at 10 th week and ends at the completion of week first eggs were laid) Number of birds at 10 weeks _32 Mortality (number of pullets that died) 10 th week _0 16 th week _0 22 nd week _0 11 th week _0 17 th week _0 23 rd week _0 12 th week _1 18 th week _1 24 th week _0 13 th week _0 19 th week _0 25 th week _1 14 th week _2 20 th week _0 15 th week _0 21 st week _2 TOTAL _7 Vaccination Record Date Fowl Pox Bronchitis Newcastle Cost 12 th week 2 @250 0 0 500 16 th week 0 0 2@600 1200 20 th week 0 4@400 0 800 24 th week 3@350 0 0 700 Total Cost of Vaccination _3200 Weight Feed Used Grower Other Cost 10 th week 20 kg 0 480 AFN 11 th week 20 kg 0 480 AFN 12 th week 20 kg 0 480 AFN 13 th week 20 kg 0 480 AFN 14 th week 20 kg 0 480 AFN 15 th week 25 kg 0 600 AFN 16 th week 25 kg 0 600 AFN 17 th week 25 kg 0 600 AFN 18 th week 25 kg 0 600 AFN 19 th week 25 kg 0 600 AFN 20 th week 30 kg 0 720 AFN 21 st week 30 kg 0 720 AFN 22 nd week 30 kg 0 720 AFN 23 rd week 30 kg 0 720 AFN 24 th week 30 kg 0 720 AFN 25 th week 30 kg 0 720 AFN Total Feed Costs _9720 AFN Number of birds that died during growing period _7 Feed weight per pullet for the growing period _16.2 kg Brooding costs _12920 AFN Pullet growing costs _15475 AFN (from WS: 3-2) Total cost to date _28395 AFN 15

Utilize the following story to fill in WS: 3-3. Beginning October 10, you had 27 hens that began laying. You lost one bird during the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th, 9 th, and 11 th month. Your monthly totals for egg production are as follows: 811, 783, 779, 742, 739, 706, 707, 675, 674, 642, 638, and 632. Each egg was sold for 3 AFNS. During this time, you feed 1200 kg of layer feed and 600 kg of oyster shell. The layer feed cost 600 AFN per 25 kg, and the oyster shell cost 700 AFN per 25 kg. Footnote: This story may not be an accurate representation of poultry production in Afghanistan. Please substitute real data if it is available. 16

WS: 3-3 MONTHLY LAYING FLOCK RECORD Date hens started to lay Number hens at start of laying Number hens that died or were removed from the flock 1 st month 7 th month 2 nd month 8 th month 3 rd month 9 th month 4 th month 10 th month 5 th month 11 th month 6 th month 12 th month 1 st month 2 nd month 3 rd month 4 th month 5 th month 6 th month 7 th month 8 th month 9 th month 10 th month 11 th month 12 th month Eggs Produced Monthly Totals Egg Sales Feed Used Cost Layer kg AFN Oyster shell kg AFN Other kg AFN Total kg AFN Feed per hen for period Average number eggs per hen Total egg sales AFN Total costs at start of lay AFN Feed & other costs during lay AFN Total AFN Net profit or loss AFN (Include in your records the value of all eggs used at home. Calculate value based on retail market price at time of use.) 17

WS KEY: 3-3 MONTHLY LAYING FLOCK RECORD Date hens started to lay _October 10_ Number hens at start of laying _27 Number hens that died or were removed from the flock 1 st month _1 7 th month _1 2 nd month 8 th month 3 rd month _1 9 th month _1 4 th month 10 th month 5 th month _1 11 th month _1 6 th month 12 th month Eggs Produced Monthly Egg Totals Sales 1 st month 811 2433 2 nd month 783 2349 3 rd month 779 2337 4 th month 742 2226 5 th month 739 2217 6 th month 706 2118 7 th month 707 2121 8 th month 675 2025 9 th month 674 2022 10 th month 642 1926 11 th month 638 1914 12 th month 632 1896 Feed Used Cost Layer _1200 kg _28800 AFN Oyster shell _600 kg _16800 AFN Other _0 kg _0 AFN Total _1800 kg _45600 AFN Feed per hen for period _85.7 kg Average number eggs per hen _30.1 Total egg sales _25584_AFN Total costs at start of lay _28395_AFN Feed & other costs during lay _45600_AFN Total _73995_AFN Net profit or loss _-48411_AFN (Include in your records the value of all eggs used at home. Calculate value based on retail market price at time of use.) 18