Veterinaria.com.pt 2009; Vol. 1 Nº 1: e13 (publicação inicial em Julho de 2008) Disponível em http://www.veterinaria.com.pt/media//dir_27001/vcp1-1-e13.pdf
Evolution of CMSCC in Intramammary Staphylococcus aureus Infected Cows after Calving and Treated at Dry Period The Working Group: Carlos Ribeiro (1), Joan Galí (1), Dália Castro (2), Paulo Teixeira (2), Anastasia Casas Martín (3), Beatriz Fernández Castro (3), Elena Barrio Canteli (3) and João Simões (4) Suported by: (1) Dairy Farm Veterinary Consultants (Portugal-Spain) (2) Undergraduate Working Students (Portugal) (3) ERASMUS Students (Portugal-Spain) (4) Assistant Professor (UTAD - Portugal) Bayer (Portugal) CECAV UTAD and, The Dairy Farm Producer July 6-11 Budapest, Hungary
Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja, supplement II (abstract 77), 47. Evolution of CMSCC in Intramammary Staphylococcus Aureus Infected Cows after Calving and Treated at Dry Period C. Ribeiro 1, J. Galí 2, D. Castro 1,3, P. Teixeira 1, A. Casas 3, B. Fernández 3, E. Barrio 3, J. Simoes 3 1 Centro Veterinário de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal 2 Grup Tecnic Veterinari S.L., Gerona, Spain 3 University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Veterinary Science Department, Vila Real, Portugal The aim of this work was to characterise the evolution of somatic cell count of mastitic cows infected with Staphylococcus aureus treated only at dry period. Composite milk somatic cell counts Somatic cell count (CMSCC, fossmatic) and microbiologic analysis (Plate Count Agar) were performed, at same time, in all 134 lactating cows from one dairy farm. All cows diagnosed with St. aureus infection were managed separately and only treated with betalactamic antibiotics at the onset of dry period. The CMSCC of first and second dairy report after calving was also used. Linear score (LS), bulk contribution (SCC %) of each animal and mean linear score (mls; average of three last individual LS) were evaluated for each sample of composite milk. The LS was 3.4 ± 0.2 (S.E.M., n=73) and 1.9± 0.2 (n=61, P<0.001) for positive and negative samples, respectively. The correlation between LS and bulk contribution (%) were r=0.93 (n=134, P<0.001). The St. aureus prevalence was 26.9% (36/134; 49.3% of total positive samples). The bulk contribution (%) by cows with detected St. aureus was 38%. The mean LS of single St. aureus isolated samples (mls=3.3 ± 0.3, n=32) was not different than others microbiological positive samples (mls=3.4 ± 0.3, n=41, P>0.05) and both were higher than negative sampled cows (mls=2.0 ± 0.2, n=61, P<0.001). The mean lactation for cows without microorganisms detection (1.9 + 0.2) was lower (P<0.001) than cows with St. aureus (2.6 ± 0.3) or with others microorganisms (2.7 ± 0.3) isolation. The LS and mean LS at microbiologic diagnosis time (LS=3.7 ± 0.4 and mls=3.5 ± 0.3) was higher than LS at first (LS=1.7 ± 0.4 and mls=1.7 ± 0.3) and second (LS=1.9 ± 0.4 and mls=1.7 ± 0.3, n=29, P<0.001) dairy report after calving. Three old cows remained with mean LS 4 in these first and second periods. In conclusion, a decrease of LS and mean LS from St. aureus mastitic cows was observed on next calving after a separated management and dry cow therapy. Key words: Mastitis, St. aureus, Somatic cells, Dairy cattle
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus is a primary contagious pathogen: - With subclinical form importance and infection is spread at milking time; - Extremely difficult to control by treatment alone: usually poor response to antibiotic treatment is observed, and infected cows eventually must be segregated or culled from the herd (Jones et al., 1998). So, is necessary a correct management of Cows infected with St. aureus during the lactation and their treatment at the onset of dry period. July 6-11 Budapest, Hungary
Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to characterise the evolution of somatic cell count of mastitic cows infected with Staphylococcus aureus and treated only at dry period.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Records of all 134 lactating cows from one dairy farm were used in field conditions. For each cow the following analysis were performed before treatment at dry period: 1) Composite milk somatic cell counts (CMSCC; fossomatic 5000). 2) Microbiological analysis, at same time in all cows (Plate Count Agar).
For monthly CMSCC: Linear score (LS); bulk contribution (SCC %); mean linear score (mls; average of three last individual LS) of each animal were used. News CMSCC (two successive milk records) and microbiological analysis were performed after calving. July 6-11 Budapest, Hungary
Management and treatment of microbiological (St. aureus) positive cows Special management: Separated group of infected cows, including during the dry period. Infected Cows were milked last. Treatment at dry period: - Antibiotherapy Cloxacillin + ampicillin or penicillin + streptomycin + nafcillin. - Application of external teat sealant.
Statistical analysis: Factorial ANOVA was used for mean comparison between infected and non-infected cows (mean ± S.E.M.). Repeated ANOVA was used to analysis sequential samples. Pearson correlation was used.
RESULTS / DISCUSSION: Seventy-three (54.5%) cows were positive to microbiological analysis at first time: Others significant bacteria: - Streptococcus agalactiae - Streptococcus uberis - (Fungi) Others Bacteria 51.7 % (37/73) St. aureus 49.3 % (36/73) Sixty-one (45.5%) cows remained negative to microbiological analysis. July 6-11 Budapest, Hungary
Mean lactation of infected and non-infected cows Composite milk Samples St. aureus infected cows (n=36) Mean lactation 2.6 ± 0.3 a Others infected cows (n=37) 2.7 ± 0.3 a Negative cows (n=61) 1.9 ± 0.2 b (a vs b: P<0.001) Linear Score of infected and non-infected cows Positives (n=73) Composite milk Samples Linear Score 3.4 ± 0.2 a Negatives (n=61) 1.9 ± 0.2 b (a vs b: P<0.001)
Mean Linear Score for different milk samples at mastitis diagnosis 4 a vs b: P< 0.001 3.5 (3.3 ± 0.3) (3.4 ± 0.3) 3 Mean Linear Score 2.5 2 1,5 1 0.5 (2.2 ± 0.2) a a b 0 Single St. aureus isolated samples (n=32) (With) Other bacterias (n = 41) Negative samples (n = 61)
The global correlation between LS and bulk contribution (%) was r=0.93 (n=134, P<0.001). The bulk contribution (%) by all cows with detected St. aureus was 38%. July 6-11 Budapest, Hungary
Some factors found (in literature) to justify St. aureus IMI and they success or failure diagnosis: Rate of St. aureus infection was higher in (Zadoks et al., 2001): quarters that had recovered from St. aureus infection; quarters exposed to other St. aureus infected quarters in the same cow; bovine herpesvirus type 4-seropositive cows; quarters with extremely callused teat ends. Bacteriological culture as a diagnostic tool is not completely satisfactory (Studer et al., 2008). Samples from composite versus quarter milk (Ribeiro et al., 2008). Cows infected with St. aureus do not necessarily have high SCC (Jones et al., 1998).
Linear Score and Mean Linear Score evolution (St. aureus IMI) before and after dry cow treatment (n=29) 4 3.5 3 2.5 a Linear score Mean Linear score Points 2 b b 1.5 1 0.5 a vs b: P< 0.001 0 Before dry period First SCC report (1st month after calving) Second SCC report (2nd month after calving)
CONCLUSION: A decrease of LS and mean LS from St. aureus mastitic cows was observed on next calving after a separated management and dry cow therapy. This suggest that this clinical management is effective in order to treat and control (individual) St. aureus mastitis infections.
THANKS FOR YOUR ATENTION! REFERENCES: 1. Jones et al., 1998. STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS MASTITIS: Cause, Detection, and Control. http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/dairy/404-229/404-229.html 2. Ribeiro et al., 2008. Use of Quarter Milk or Composite Samples for Diagnosis of Subclinical Bovine Mastitis in Dairy Farms. WBC 2008 (poster). 3. Studer et al., 2008. A longitudinal field study to evaluate the diagnostic properties of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-based assay to detect Staphylococcus aureus in milk. J Dairy Sci., 91(5):1893-1902. 4. Zadoks et al., 2001. Cow- and quarter-level risk factors for Streptococcus uberis and Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. J Dairy Sci., 84(12):2649-63.