Insect Control Update for 2012:

Insect Control Update for 2012: an ever changing effort! David J. Shetlar, Ph.D. The BugDoc The Ohio State University, OARDC & OSU Extension Columbus, OH January 2012, D.J. Shetlar, all rights reserved

Old Insecticide Chemistry Organophosphates (Dursban, Diazinon, Oftanol, Dylox, etc.) Quick Acting curative Broad Spectrum Residual: ~5-30 days Nerve excitation (acetylcholine inhibitor) Carbamates (Sevin, Turcam) Quick Acting curative Broad Spectrum Residual: ~10-40 days Nerve excitation (acetylcholine inhibitor) Pyrethroids (bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, + many more) Quick Acting curative Broad Spectrum Residual: ~5-14 days Nerve disruption (sodium channel blockage)

Newer Insecticide Chemistry Neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, dinotefuran, etc.) Slow to Moderate Acting preventive to early curative Broad Spectrum Residual: ~60-120 days Nerve impulse blocker (nicotinic-acetylcholine receptor blocker) Anthranilic Diamides (chlorantraniliprole) Quick Acting but only against young insects! - preventive Moderately Broad Spectrum mainly beetles and caterpillars Residual: ~100-140 days Interferes with muscle calcium usage Phenylpyrazoles (fipronil) Quick Acting curative Broad Spectrum mainly ants, mole crickets, fleas Residual: ~30-120 days Nerve disruption (sodium channel stimulation)

Pesticide Safety Toxicology Acute Toxicity (LD 50 ) Oral Dermal Inhalation Chronic Toxicity Non-target Effects Humans Other Animals

Monitoring? Use Pest Mapping!

Athletic Facility from Google Maps!

Athletic Facility from Google Maps!

Important Turf Insect Groups (for athletic fields) White Grubs Mole Crickets Billbugs Caterpillars Armyworms Sod webworms Chinch Bugs? Ants Turfgrass Ant Fire Ant

Grub Complex Ataenius Aphodius May/June Beetle green June beetle European chafer masked chafer Japanese beetle Oriental beetle Asiatic garden beetle

Grub Biology (Masked Chafers) Pair of masked chafers at night on turf Masked chafer eggs newly laid (below) 48 hours in moist soil (above)

Grub Life Stages (Northern Masked Chafer) egg 1st 2nd 3rd pupa adult instar larva

Masked Chafer Annual Cycle Larval Curative Larval Prevention

Comparison of Grub Insecticide Efficacy by Time of Application 2011 a rate ave % control (#tests) Insecticide lb.ai./a. May June July to Aug 16 to Sept 10 Clothianidin 0.25 99.9 (5) 90.0 (1) 98.8 (5) --- 84.0 (3) (=Arena) 0.3 93.0 (1) 99.6 (3) 99.0 (2) 83.3 (2) 97.0 (1) Chlorantraniliprole 0.1 95.0 (12) 94.0 (12) 92.5 (7) --- --- (=Acelepryn) 0.2 94.8 (4) 99.8 (4) 98.2 (5) --- --- Halofenozide 1.5 88.5 (8) 94.4 (23) 88.8 (21) 89.6 (19) 77.7 (27) (=MACH2) 2.0 80.5 (4) 63.7 (9) 93.8 (12) 75.0 (5) --- Imidachloprid 0.3 79.1 (26) 89.7 (45) 95.4 (55) 92.5 (32) 92.7 (41) (=Merit) 0.4 81.0 (2) 94.0 (2) 96.3 (9) 78.6 (3) 99.5 (2) Thiamethoxam 0.2 59.9 (8) 96.8 (14) 95.8 (26) 92.9 (15) 85.2 (12) (=Meridian) 0.26 83.5 (6) 94.9 (4) 99.8 (6) 94.6 (10) 89.7 (6) Trichlorfon 8.0 --- --- 19.3 (2) 66.4 (9) 78.7 (29) (=Dylox) a Data from ESA publications (1977-2011) & Ohio testing using masked chafer and Japanese beetle data where label timing recommendations were used and at least 4.0 grubs per sq.ft. were found in checks.

Mole cricket damage to bermudagrass.

Tawny Mole Cricket Life Stages 7 8 nymphal instars female male

Tawny Mole Cricket Life Cycle in mid-florida Southern Mole Cricket Life Cycle in mid-florida

Mole Cricket Pesticides (preventive) imidacloprid (Merit) imidacloprid + bifenthrin (Allectus) thiamethoxam (Meridian) clothianidin (Arena) clothianidin + bifenthrin (Aloft) fipronil (TopChoice) For fire ants, but controls mole crickets (as stated on label)

Billbug Damage in July!

Billbug Diagnosis Use the tug test

Bluegrass Billbug Life Cycle in Ohio Larval Curative Larval Prevention Adult Control

Efficacy of Bluegrass Billbug Insecticides in Ohio 1996 2010 (preventive & early curative) Insecticide Ch-niliprole (=Acelepryn) rate ave range lb.ai./a. % control # tests % control Bifenthrin 0.1 66.5 15 37-100 (=Talstar) 0.2 76.5 4 53-100 0.1 57.2 6 12-81 0.2 82.4 5 74-94 Clothianidin 0.2 93.8 5 75-100 (=Arena) 0.3 98.2 5 95-100 Cyfluthrin 0.14 67.0 2 67 (=Tempo) Deltamethrin 0.13 67.0 1 67 (=Deltagard) Imidacloprid 0.3 80.5 17 67-95 (= Merit) 0.4 92.5 5 73-100 L-Cyhalothrin 0.06 78.4 5 64-95 (=Scimitar) Thiamethoxam 0.2 87.2 6 81-100 (= Meridian) 0.26 100 1 100

Sod Webworms Spring damage Adult bluegrass webworm Larva and frass

Vagabond Sod Webworm Garden Webworm

Striped Sod Webworm Life Stages egg 5 6 larval instars pupa adult

2007 Ohio Long Term BCW-SWW Control Evaluation Treatment Rate 26DAT % Control 56DAT 83DAT Acelepryn SC 0.104 --- 94-100 80-100 Acelepryn SC 0.209 --- 100-100 70-100 Merit 75 WP 0.10 --- 47-69 40-84 Arena 50WG 0.10 --- 59-66 70-91 Meridian 25WG 0.25 --- 65-62 70-91 appl. 22 June, OSU Turf Facility; 0.0, 4.25, 2.5 BCW/yd 2 @ 26, 56, & 83DAT; 0.5, 37.25 & 9.5 SWW/yd 2 checks @ 26, 56 & 83 DAT

2008 Ohio SWW Control With Acelepryn Treatment % Control Rate 7WAT 11WAT 15WAT 19WAT Acelepryn SC 0.026 -- 23 24 0 Acelepryn SC 0.052 -- 83 33 0 Acelepryn SC 0.104 -- 97 46 0 Acelepryn SC 0.209 -- 100 98 89 Merit 75WP 0.300 -- 33 30 10 appl. 29 April, OSU Turf Facility; 7.5, 47.0 & 21.3 sww/yd 2 checks @ 11, 15 & 19 WAT

The Turfgrass Ant Problem (Lasius neoniger)

2006 Ant Trial July Curative Treatment Rate 6DAT 14DAT 22DAT 44DAT Allectus Fert 0.45 lb. 65 81 67 Allectus Fert 0.90 lb. 87 96 87 Allectus GC 0.45 lb. 84 82 84 Allectus GC 0.90 lb. 88 93 88 Arena 50WDG 0.30 lb. 80 89 80 Talstar F GC 0.20 lb. 96 62 96 Orthene TTO 1.00 lb. 57 16 57 Orthene TTO 2.00 lb. 84 47 84 86 87 71 92 91 33 55 82 Clyde, OH; applied 18 July; ant mounds in 4x8ft strip down middle of 10x10ft plots, 25.8, 28.5, 25.8 & 24.5 mounds per plots in checks at 6, 14, 22 & 44 DAT.

2008 Ohio Ant Control Study Treatment Rate 23WAT 25WAT 1WAT 3WAT 28WAT 33WAT 39WAT 6WAT 17WAT 23WAT Aloft SC (Fall) 0.12+0.06 88 -- 94 94 95 Aloft SC (Fall) 0.24+0.12 100 -- 89 97 91 Meridian (Fall) 0.26 99 -- 96 96 95 Arena (Fall) 0.25 89 -- 96 96 94 Aloft (Spring) 0.24+0.12 100 99 89 84 77 Meridian (Spring) 0.26 61 75 94 94 84 Arena (Spring) 0.25 44 52 73 98 88 Aloft (F&S) 0.24+0.12 100 99 81 93 96 Meridian (F&S) 0.26 95 98 97 96 99 Arena (F&S) 0.25 95 97 97 100 90 appl Fall = 30 Oct 07; Spring = 1 May 08; Clyde, OH

Newer Insecticide LD 50 s The Neonicotinoids Nitroguanidine (post-synaptic block, nicotinic ACH sites) Imidacloprid (Merit, Allectus) 450 Nitroguanidine (post-synaptic block, nicotinic ACH sites) Clothianidin (Arena, Aloft) >5000 Nitroguanidine (post-synaptic block, nicotinic ACH sites) Thiamethoxam (Meridian) 1563 Nitroguanidine (post-synaptic block, nicotinic ACH sites) Dinotefuran (Safari) >2000

Newer Insecticide LD 50 s Tetranortriterpenoid (ecdysone blocker; antifeedant) Azadirachtin A & B (Azatrol, Neem, etc.) >3540 Spinosad (synaptic stimulation nicotinic acetycholine sites) Spinosads (Conserve) 3783-5000 Diacylhydrazine (molt accelerating compound, induces molt) Halofenozide (MACH2) 2850 Phenylpyrazoles (GABA receptor disruption) Fipronil (Chipco Choice) 97 Anthranilic Diamides (muscle calcium disruption) Chlorantraniliprole (Acelepryn) >5000

Pest Management Approaches Tolerance (do nothing, spread Milorganite to discourage animals, irrigate and foliar feed). Preventive (let turf go dormant, use deeprooted turfgrasses, eliminate insect populations early with insecticides). Curative (eliminate populations that are sampled and will likely cause damage). Rescue (damage has occurred, apply quick acting insecticide).

Introducing endophytic ryegrass seed into existing turf: slit seeding.

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