George W. Lathrop. Jr., DVM, MS, DACLAM Deputy Chief, Animal Resources Branch DSR, NCEZID, CDC

The objectives of this presentation are to discuss: Challenges of maintaining unique species at BSL3/4 Equipment routine use and certification Development of SOPs to meet unique needs Space determinations Defining primary containment with respect to animal s environment Impact of hot suite down time on animal well being Staff education

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One Mycobacterium leparae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.? Close enough. Primary Containment?? Marine Caulk in all the room joints. Negative air flow. N-95 with gowns and gloves. Spray off bags, deliver to autoclave room.

12 Regional Biocontainment Laboratories 1 Regional Biosafety Laboratory Never did get my Gerbils into the NERBL New England Regional Biosafety Laboratory

The animal room can present unique problems Animals generate aerosols Animals bite or scratch Animals may be infected with zoonotic diseases Animals escape from enclosures Caging to support animal research may be cumbersome or not ready off the shelf Animals generate consider husbandry support waste

Common use and unique species Rabbits, Ferrets and Guinea Pigs Rodents usual and unique Sugar Glider Degu Gambian Rat Moles Field Mice Cotton Rats Bats (Fruit Bats and American Brown Bats) Nonhuman primates Other

Sugar Glider Degu Gambian Rat

Rousettus aegyptiacus Found across sub-saharan Africa, North Africa, the Mediterranean, Arabian Peninsula and Middle East, and into southwest Asia Unlike most other fruit bats, the Egyptian fruit bat roosts in caves, as well as similar man-made structures. Their colonies have thousands of members of their species and other bat species too. Their habitat ranges from arid biomes to deciduous, tropical deciduous, and rainforest areas. Even though they prefer forest cover, these bats are also found in urban and semi-desert regions. Not endangered or threatened due to their ability to adapt to various habitats.

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Advantage Ideal for newly acquired fractious animals Confidence booster especially research techs Decreases potential for bites/scratches Reduces aerosol generation Easy to use and autoclave durable Disadvantage Not practical for large colonies

Species specific. Nutrition. Socialization. Waste management. Generalized husbandry or research based. One size fits all?

May require IACUC exceptions. May require excessive humidity or lighting adjustments. Requires risk assessment for use and safety. Must be able to fit the round peg into the square hole.

Specialized Equipment Ground rules for equipment development Developed to meet a specialized need and meet safety requirements PI and Veterinarian must be involve in the fabrication process Encourage staff to present ideas, get buy in New equipment must clear OHS, IACUC, PI and Veterinary approval prior to use on an animal study

Facility Design ABL3 Locker Locker Staff Proc Ante Ante Proc Clean Cage Wash Clean Dock Animals Materials Gross Area: 2800 sf Hold Hold Feed/Bed Storage Efficiency: 45% Proc Ante Ante Proc Dirty Cage Wash Hold Hold Waste Dock Carcasses Soiled Waste Cost/GSF: $450 Diagram courtesy of M. Ferrer AIA, CUH2A

Plan ahead and intervene with designs. Difference between ante-procedure rooms and post-procedure rooms. Collaboration with Veterinary and PI staff on Design. Establish maximums that HVAC and electric can attain. Choose the right room for the species.

Don t put 10 pounds in a five pound sack (Poke, bag, etc.) Propensity to squeeze in as much caging and equipment as possible. Unique species require unique and often large solutions. Don t over engineer. Be prepared to demand more than the facilities staff think they can possibly supply.

We can t depend on well behaved animals in the Biocontainment Laboratory The staff must adjust to the environment Establish clear clinical guidelines Encourage defined humane endpoints Provide appropriate environmental enrichment activities

Protection Should Match the Risk: Is the Effort Worth the Pain?

Best guess on what extra: zoonotics may come with the new model. Requires intricate coordination between subject matter expert and veterinarians. Moving between ABSL levels (Except ABSL4, of course.) New models means new discoveries. Orchestrate gray out strategies with reintroduction strategies.

Maintain separate areas? Breeding and holding at BSL-3 level. BSL3 dedicated research rooms. Production quotas in unique species.

How to perform normal auscultation. Palpation techniques. Characterization of activity. Sample collection.

Doppler Stethoscope with recording apparatus

How to perform normal auscultation. Palpation techniques. Characterization of activity. Sample collection.

Sedation or anesthesia, key elements Requires two sets of hands Develop personal preference for texture of gloves. Familiarize with Textured objects in blind box. Develop a great Imaginator.

Use technology to your advantage. Ultrasound modalities. Other Imaging modalities. CT - Computed Tomography MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging PET - Positron Emission Tomography Digital X-ray

Think Again!