AGES Survey on Scaphoideus titanus hatching from shreddered vine wood G. Strauß, J. Altenburger, W. Fickert, K. Kolkmann, E. Schirgi Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety IOBC-WPRS Working Group meeting on Integrated Protection and Production in Viticulture Vienna, 21.10.2015 Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit GmbH
Introduction S. titanus & FD in Austria 2014 S. titanus established in parts of Styria and Burgenland FD outbreaks: in Styria, only single infected grapvines Styria: regulation with obligatory PP-measures against vector + destruction of symptomatic plants 2 - - - - present not present district level Flavescence doree
Introduction Observation: first S. titanus instar on shoots near soil surface 3
Background S. titanus eggs in 2-year-old and older vine wood, rarely in 1-year-old vine wood (PROPSCAPH - Evaluating the risk of spread of Scaphoideus titanus with propagation material) winter pruning: 2-year-old vine wood ends up on ground between rows vine wood: cut or shreddered or shreddered and worked into the ground remains in vineyard as compost 4
Research questions do S. titanus larvae hatch: 1. from the lower part of the grapevine trunk? 2. from cut or shreddered vine wood? 5
Material & Methods Field test in SE-Styria 2015 trial period: 21.05.-10.06. 2015 small vineyard ca. 950 m 2 big S. titanus population variety Isabella IOBC/WPRS "Integrated Protection and Production in Viticulture, Strauss G. 6
Material & Methods Yellow sticky traps (YST), 12.5 x 32 cm, sticky adhesive on both sides YST wrapped tightly around the trunk in two hights YST: inner and outer surface + upper and lower edge marked grafting point upper YST lower YST 7
Experimental set-up trial variants V V11: shreddered vine wood 1 & 2-year-old vine wood shreddered, 3 cm pieces 12.6 kg shreddered vine wood disposed under 6 grapevines 8
Experimental set-up trial variants V V2: no vine wood vine wood laying on the ground was removed 6 grapevines 9
Experimental set-up trial variants V V33: cut vine wood cut vine wood was left as "practice variant 6 grapevine 10
Evaluation Determination egg deposition: S. titanus larvae on inner surface of upper and lower YST were compared Determination influence of shreddered, cut and no vine wood: S. titanus larvae on outer surface of lower YST were compared 11
Results egg deposition 108 YST evaluated total & average number of S. titanus larvae is higher on the inner surface of lower YST maximum larvae number was on a lower YST Position of YST on grapevine trunk Total number S. titanus larvae average number S. titanus larvae Minimum Maximum upper part 501 9.3 0 25 lower part 641 11.9 0 81 12
Results egg deposition difference in larvae number between upper and lower YST statistically not different No. S. titanus larvae observation period upper YST lower YST 13
Results egg deposition The number of S. titanus larvae is higher on YST from the lower part in the first and third trial period Table: Number, average, minimale und maximale number of S. titanus larvae depending on the position of the YST on the grapevine trunk as well as depending on the trial period. S. Titanus number Average number S. titanus larvae Trial period Upper YST Lower YST Upper YST Lower YST 21.Mai bis 28.Mai 114 133 6,2 7,4 29.Mai bis 03.Juni 206 169 11,3 9,4 04.Juni bis 10.Juni 181 339 10,1 18,7 IOBC/WPRS "Integrated Protection and Production in Viticulture, Strauss G. 14
Example YST inner surface, lower part of grapevine trunk soil surface 15
Results influence of shreddered, cut and no vine wood on hatching 54 YST were evaluated V1 shreddered vine wood highst number of S. titanus larvae total number S. titanus larvae average number S. titanus larvae Minimum Maximum Variant V1: shreddered vine wood 2064 114.7 45 314 V2: no vine wood 1315 73.1 13 143 V3: cut vine wood 1286 71.3 11 181 16
Results influence of shreddered, no and cut vine wood No. S. titanus larvae observation period shreddered no cut vine wood 17
comparison V2:V3 S. titanus larvae number on outer and inner surface of lower YST 7 times more S. titanus larvae on outer surface YST almost no difference between V2:V3 V2: where did lavae come from? YST surface V2 no vine wood V3 cut vine wood inner 189 175 outer 1315 1286 18
Example YST outer surface lower part of grapevine trunk V2 soil surface 19
Example YST outer surface lower part of grapevine trunk V2 soil surface 20
Summary S. titanus larvae also hatch from lower part of grapevine trunk, 10-23cm above soil surface eggs deposited at lower part of grapevine trunk S. titanus monitoring: to look for larvae there paraffin oil application: treat entire grapevine trunk S. titanus larvae hatch from 3cm shreddered vine wood need to investigate if S. titanus hatch from grafing point area 21
Thank you for your attention This research was financed by the Styrian Government, Plant Protection Service 22