Name: clementaged.weebly.com Period: Weeks: 12 15 Dates: 11/2-11/24 Unit: Animal Health Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 2 E *Introduction to Animal Health Notes 3 O 4 E *Basic Vital Statistics *Animal Health Notes 5 O 6 E *Home FB Game *Current Events *Enterotoxemia in Sheep 9 O 10 E *Threats to Animal Health Notes *Poisonous Plants 11 No School Veteran s Day 12 O 13 E *Current Events *Principles of Disease *Beef Vaccination Program Article *Mid 2nd QRTR ends *Late/Absent Work due by 2pm 16 O Flex Day 17 E *Injections *Administering Vaccinations Lab 18 O 19 E *Medication Observation lab 20 O 23 E *Packet Due 24 O *Morning Wave 7:15am 25 No School 26 Happy Thanksgiving! 27 No School Assignment Your Score Total Points Possible Introduction to Animal Health Notes 40 Basic Vital Statistics in Animals 40 Animal Health Notes 30 Enterotoxemia in Sheep 20 Threats to Animal Health Notes 40 Poisonous Plants Research 20 Priciples of Disease Notes 50 Beef Vaccination Program Article 20 Injection Protocol Workseets 60 Injection Protocol Lab 20 Medication Observation Lab 20 Veterinary Science Fact of the Week TOTAL 360 Cricket chirps are temperature dependent. Count the number of cricket chirps in 13 seconds, add 40 and you ll get the ambient temperature in F. 1
CURRENT EVENTS 1. AJ 2. Abigail 3. Eliza 4. Jordan 5. Kaila Name!!!!!! Date September 18th 1.Select a news article (from internet, newspaper or magazine within the last 6 months) that discusses veterinary science or animal care. 1. Tenaya 2. Sophia 3. Joshua 4. Madison M. 5. Julia October 2nd 2.Develop a one page summary (1 margins, double spaced, 12 point font) including the following items: 1. Cecilia 2. Britney 3. Ariana 4. Ashley 5. Megan 1. Alexander 2. Natalya 3. Harley 4. Morgan 5. Costin 1. Jackie M. 2. Alexandra G. 3. Bailey 4. Rachel 5. Maddie V. October 15th November 6th November 13th a.include the title, author and source of the article as your summary title. b.include a summary of the article and describe how this article relates to veterinary science c.what is your reaction to the article? How does this article affect you? How does this article impact the world? 1. Leslie 2. Victoria 3. Cassidy 4. Ghiwa 5. Brontee 6. December 4th 3.Attach a copy of your article to your typed summary. 4.Be prepared to give a brief summary to your classmates! 2
Cue Column (titles, vocab, big ideas, test questions) Introduction to Animal Health Notes 3
Cue Column (titles, vocab, big ideas, test questions) Introduction to Animal Health Notes 4
Cue Column (titles, vocab, big ideas, test questions) Introduction to Animal Health Notes Summary (briefly describe the main concepts, major points) 5
Animal Basic Vital Statistics Body Temperature (degrees F) Respiration (breathes/minute) Heart Rate (beats/minute) Gestation Period (Pregnancy) Dogs Cats Rabbits Cattle Swine Horses Sheep Rats Mice 6
Basic Vital Statistics DIRECTIONS: Choose two of the larger animals and research how you would take the vital signs for temperature, heart rate and respiration rate for that specie. Describe the process and what equipment would be used. Animal #1: Heart rate Respiration rate Temperature Animal #2: Heart rate Respiration rate Temperature 7
Animal Health Types of Disinfectants and Antiseptics Disinfectants applied to the environment Antiseptics applied to the animal Cleansers Methods of Administering Medicine Topical applied to skin or mucous membranes of eye,ear, or nasal passage Examples: Oral given by mouth by feeding, balling gun, drench applicator (gun), or dose syringe Examples: Anal or rectal introduced into rectum Examples: Nasal introduced into the nose Examples: 8
Injectable placed directly into animal s body with needle and syringe Examples: Intrauterine introduced directly into uterus Examples: Common Types of Animal Medical Equipment Balling Gun Syringe Thermometer Drench Gun Speculum Tube Implant Gun Types of Vaccines Bacterial Killed virus produced by infecting an animal with a specific virus which is harvested at the height of infection and subjected to killing agents (dead virus stimulates antibodies) Live virus Modified live virus made by altering a disease-producing agent by growing it in another host or reducing virulence of the virus Monovalent 9
Polyvalent Viral Serum fluid portion of blood without the cells or the clotting factors (obtained from animals immune to the disease and injected into other animals in order to give passive immunity Common Diseases Blackleg and clostridium infections (Sub Q or IM) Vibriosis (IM) Leptospirosis (IM) Enterotoxemia (Sub Q) Erysipelas (Sub Q or IM) Anemia (IM) Staph mastitis (IM) Guidelines for Proper Vaccination of Animals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10
Enterotoxemia in Sheep Quick Facts... Entertoxemia is a frequently severe disease of sheep and goats of all ages. Causative bacteria are present in relatively low numbers and appear to be in a relatively quiescent state in the normal, healthy animal. Treatment may not be successful in severe cases. Prevention of enterotoxemia is far more likely to be successful than trying to treat the disease. What is enterotoxemia and how is it triggered? Signs of enterotoxemia Treatment of enterotoxemia Prevention of enterotoxemia 11
Cue Column (titles, vocab, big ideas, test questions) Threats to Animal Health Notes 12
Cue Column (titles, vocab, big ideas, test questions) Threats to Animal Health Notes 13
Cue Column (titles, vocab, big ideas, test questions) Threats to Animal Health Notes 14
Cue Column (titles, vocab, big ideas, test questions) Threats to Animal Health Notes Summary (briefly describe the main concepts, major points) 15
Poisonous Plants DIRECTIONS: Choose 5 poisonous plants found on the western range as discussed in the Threats to Animal Health Power Point to research information about. The Agriculture Research Service website is very helpful! http://www.ars.usda.gov/services/docs.htm?docid=9781 Common Name Scientific Name Where and When it Grows How it Affects Livestock Signs of Poisoning How Do You Reduce Loss? 16
Health and Wellness Health Indicators 1. Principles of Disease 2. 3. 4. 5. Contributors to Health Exercise Good medical care Proper nutrition Disease prevention Shelter from the elements Adequate human/animal/environmental interaction and stimulation Disease and Illness Signs of Disease 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Factors Causing Disease Poor Nutrition Environmental Factors shelter, interaction with other animals, what the animal is used for and how it is used Parasites both internal and external Infectious agents virus, bacteria, fungi, etc. Non-infectious factors poison, injury, age, etc. 17
Pancreatitis Causes Many factors can lead to pancreatitis; there is no one specific cause. Dogs that get into the garbage after holidays like Thanksgiving, Christmas, or Easter are at high risk. Other factors can be drug therapies, such as cortisone, or certain types of surgical procedures. Signs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Diagnosis Complete blood count (CBC) may show an elevated white blood cell count. Blood tests may detect high enzyme levels of amylase and/or lipase. Radiographs and ultrasound can show inflammation in the location of the pancreas. Complications Dogs that recover from acute pancreatitis may continue to have recurrent bouts of the disease, known as chronic pancreatitis. Problems can occur if a large number of cells that make digestive enzymes are destroyed because the dog will not be able to properly digest food. This condition, known as pancreatic insufficiency, is treated with a daily dose of enzyme powder or tablets in food. If enough pancreatic insulin cells are destroyed, diabetes mellitus can result and may require insulin therapy. Leptospirosis Causes Bacteria passed in the urine of animals enter the body through broken skin, mucous membranes, and bite wounds or by the ingestion of contaminated tissue, water, food or bedding. The organs most affected in dogs are the kidneys and liver. Signs are visible 7 days after exposure. Signs The three common forms of Leptospirosis seen in dogs are: 1. 2. 3. Vomiting, diarrhea, fever, depression, panting and loss of appetite are signs of all three forms. 18
Dogs with the renal form (the most common form) will have acute renal failure with little or no urine production. They may have ulcers on the tongue and mouth, and have bad breath. The hemorrhagic form will show multiple small hemorrhages in the mouth and conjunctiva (lining of the eyelid). Blood may be present in stool, along with a bloody nose. The hepatic form causes the dog to become jaundice (a yellow tint to the skin, the eyes and gums). Other signs of the hepatic form are similar to the hemorrhagic form. Diagnosis Laboratory tests show an increase in leukocytes (white blood cells) and low platelets. Blood chemistry tests show increased levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, indicators of kidney disease. Other tests help determine the degree of liver damage. Public health risk Contaminated urine is highly infectious to humans and other species. Contaminated areas should be washed with detergent and treated with disinfectants. Anyone coming in contact with contaminated urine or animals should consider starting antibiotics as prevention. Cancer A benign tumor- It is a growth of cells that does not destroy surrounding tissue but can lessen function by its presence. A malignant tumor- It is an abnormal growth of cells that destroys surrounding tissue and can spread to new body sites. Metastasis- Classification of Tumors Tumors can be categorized by origin and their cell features. The suffix of the tumor will indicate if the tumor is benign or malignant. The ending (oma) usually means the tumor is benign and the ending (sarcoma) usually means malignant. There will always be some exceptions to this for an example, Melanoma (cancer of the skin), is usually malignant. Tumor Benign Name Malignant Name Bone Fiber Tissue Fat Lymph nodes Skin 19
Carcinogenic factors (capable of causing cancer) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Treatments Surgery - Chemotherapy - Radiation Therapy - Therapeutics Vaccines Some vaccines are more successful at preventing disease than others depending on the make up of the vaccine and the tenacity of the disease. Drugs Drugs can be used as a stand alone treatment, or in combination with another form of treatment. Surgery In some cases surgery may be a last resort due to the risks associated with it. Alternative Therapy 20
These forms of treatment were once rejected by Western medicine as primitive quack medicine. Today, they are becoming more widely used and accepted as they are showing proven results. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 21
Beef Vaccination Program Article DIRECTIONS: Read the article and take notes about vaccines in the space provided Modified Live Vaccines Killed Vaccines & Toxiods Booster Vaccines Chemically Altered Vaccines Proper Handling of Vaccines Importance of Nutrition 22
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Clement Name: Date: Per: Injection Protocol Route of Administration Location Notes Intramuscular Subcutaneous Intravenous Interperitoneal Nasal Oral 24
Parts of a Syringe Types of Syringes Notes: How to Read a Syringe 1 cc = 1 ml of fluid Understanding Gauge Size Notes: Selecting a Needle Notes: 25
How to Fill a Syringe 1. Begin with the plunger pushed fully down. 2. Insert the needle into the rubber cap of the vial of medication. Hold the vial upside down so that the syringe and needle are pointing towards the ceiling. 3. Gently pull back the plunger to begin the flow of medication into the syringe. Draw slightly more than you need, then push the excess out by pushing the plunger back in; this will get rid of air bubbles that were drawn up from the vial. If you still see air bubbles in the syringe, hold it pointed toward the ceiling and flick or tap your finger against the side of the syringe; this forces the bubbles up toward the hub of the syringe and you can push the collected air out of the needle. 4. When you are ready to administer the injection, make sure that the medication is flush up against and into the hub of the syringe. 5. If the medication will not flow into the syringe, you will need to start with some air in the syringe. Before inserting needle into the bottle of fluid, draw back on the plunger to pull in 1 cc or so of air. After the needle is inserted into the fluid, push down on the plunger to transfer the air in the syringe into the bottle of fluid, then pull back and begin filling your syringe. 26
Injection Protocol Lab Purpose: To select the correct syringe and needle for the injection, to select the correct medicine for the disease (prevention or treatment, vaccine or antibiotic) and to practice the administration of various injections. Materials: Raw Chicken Thighs, 1 per student (for intramuscular & subcutaneous) Raw Chicken Wings, 1 per student or pair (for intravenous) Various syringe types and sizes (disposable, guns, multi-doser) for ID Disposable syringe (1 per student) Small gauge needle for IV shot (22 or 24 gauge, 1" long) can be flexible for length(1 per) 18 x 1 1/2" needle for IM shot (1 per) 18 or 16 gauge x 3/4" or 5/8" for Subcutaneous (1 per) Disposable plates (1 per) Non-Latex gloves (1 pair per) Cups of Blue dyed water Cups of Red dyed water Various vaccine bottles (preferably empty) Various Antibiotic bottles Sequence of Steps: Subcutaneous Injection a. Attach the needle (a short one) to the syringe b. Extend plunger, place it in the colored water, and then push the plunger all the way in. c. With the needle tip on the solution, draw the solution into the syringe with a slow and steady pull on the plunger. Pull in 2 cc. d. Avoid contact of the needle with hands or unclean objects. e. Pull the skin of the chicken up and stick the needle just beneath the skin. Be careful not to make the needle go all the way through the skin and out the other side. f. Once the needle is in place, push the plunger to force the medication in the area between the muscle and the skin. g. Once the medication is administered, remove the needle and rub the hole which the needle left behind. Rub for 20 seconds h. Repeat 4 more times 1. After administering the subcutaneous shot, where was the colored water located? 27
Intramuscular Injection a. Prepare a new needle (1 to 1 ½ ) with solution as instructed above (a-d). b. Locate the thick muscle on the chicken. c. Punch the needle into the muscle. Make sure you do not hit the bone. (on the chicken, the needle will go in a lot easier than on a live animal). d. Once the needle is in place, ASPERATE to check if you are in a vein, if so discard solution and start over again. If not in the vein (no blood when aspirating) administer the solution, remove the needle from the muscle, and rub the needle hole for 20 seconds. e. Repeat 1 more time. 1. After administering the intramuscular shot, where was the colored water located? 2. What length of needle should be used for intramuscular injections and why? 3. Where should intramuscular injections be administered on animals used for meat purposes? Why? Intravenous Injection a. Prepare a new needle, (small, 24 x 1 ) with solution as instructed above (a-d). b. Use a chicken wing and locate the darkly colored vein in the vein. c. In a live animal use alcohol on the area where the vein is and press above the area to inject to cause the flow of blood to build up and show you the vein. d. Insert needle at an angle slowly and gently, aspirate (in a live animal you WANT blood so you know you are in. Administer the solution, remove the needle and rub the needle hole for 20 seconds. e. Repeat 2 more times. 1. After administering the intravenous shot, where was the colored water located? 2. What length of needle should be used for intravenous injections and why? 28
Medication Observation Directions: Observe the provided medication bottles. Record the pertinent information that you would need before you would treat an animal Medication Name What is it used for? What is the dosage? Withdrawal time? Warnings or Interactions? Vaccination or Medication? 29