MODEST GUTU. Travurrx h t Mtlsirrm National d'histoire Naturelle ((Grigore Antipa, Vol. XLIV. pp

Travurrx h t Mtlsirrm National d'histoire Naturelle ((Grigore Antipa, Vol. XLIV pp. 19-39 0 2002 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS APSEUDES LEACH, 1814 (CRUSTACEA: TANAIDACEA, APSEUDOMORPHA) FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN AND NORTH AFRICAN ATLANTIC MODEST GUTU Abstract. On the basis of a study made on a rich material, belonging to ten species of the genus Apseudes Leach, I814 (nine originating in different areas of the Mediterranean basin and one in the waters of the North African Atlantic), the species Apseudes hastifrons Norman and Stebbing, I886 and A. ostroumovi (Bicescu and Ciriu~u, 1947), synonymized by Lang (1955) with A. acutfrons G.O.Sars, 1882, are revalidated. It is also revalidated (and raised at the species rank) A. laireillii mediterraneus Bicescu, 1961 (synonymized by Sieg, 1983 with A. laireillii). A. osiroumovi from the Adriatic Sea (cited by Bgcescu, 1980, 1981) is A. hasti$-ons in reality, and A. ostroumovi from the Balearic Sea (cited by Bicescu, 1981) is considered a new species. A. hastifrons is recorded in Gulf of Naples for the first time. In the same time six new species are described: three from the coast of Israel (A. apocryphus, A. minimus and A. tridens) and one from Spanish waters (A. bacescrri), one from Algeria (A. annabensis) and one from the coasts of Mauritania (A. argztinensis), the last one cited by Monod (1925) as A. hast~fions and synonymized by Lang (op. cit.) with A. acutifrons. RCsumC. Sur la base d'une Ctude effectuce sur un riche materiel, appartenant a dix esptces du genre Apseudes Leach, 1814 (neuf provenant de diverses zones du Basin mtditerranken et l'une des eaux de I'Atlantique Nord African) sont validkes les esptces Apseudes hasiifions Norman et Stebbing, 1886 et A. ostroumovi (Bgcescu et Cgr5u~u, 1947), synonimiskes par Lang (1 955) avec A. acutrjirons G. 0. Sars, 1882. Est aussi bien valide (et lev6 au rang d'esptce) A. latreillii mediterraneus Bicescu, 1961 (synonimisk par Sieg, 1983 avec A. latreillii). A. ostroumovi des eaux de la Mer Adriatique (cite par Bgcescu, 1980, 198 1) est en rcalitc A. hastijrons, tandis que A. ostroumovi de la Mer BalCare (citt par Bicescu, 198 1) est considcrc comme Ctant une nouvelle espece. A. hastifr.ons est mentionne pour la premiere fois dans le Golfe de Naples. On dccrit aussi six nouvelles especes: trois des CBtes de I'Israel (A. apocryphus, A. minimus et A. tridens), une des eaux de I'Espagne (A. bacescur?, une autre des eaux de I'Algerie (A. annabensis) et une dernitre des CBtes de la Mauritania (A. arguinensis), celle-ci Ctant citce par Monod (1925) comme &ant A. hastifrons mais synonimisee par Lang (op. cit.) comme A. acutifrons. Key words: Tanaidacea, Apseudidae, Apseudes acutfrons, A. hastifrons, A. mediterraneus, A. ostroumovi, A. annabensis n. sp., A. apocryphus n. sp., A. arguinensis n. sp., A, bacescui n. sp., A. minimus n. sp., A. tridens n. sp. In a recent paper (Gup, 200 1 a) I commented the unsatisfactory knowledge of the tanaidaceans fauna from the Mediterranean basin and I pointed out some confusions which are made all the time when identifying some species of the genus Apseudes Leach, 1814, synonymized by Lang (1955) and Sieg (1983) or cited by Bgcescu (1980, 1981). It is about A. hastfrons Norman and Stebbing, 1886, A. latreillii mediterraneus BZcescu, 1961 and A. ostroumovi (Bgcescu and CZri?u?u, 1947). In the same time I anticipated the presence of a new species on the coasts of Algeria. Continuing my investigations in the Collection of tanaidaceans of "Grigore Antipa" National Museum of Natural History and making a comparative morphological study on numerous species belonging to the genus Apseudes, collected from different areas of the Mediterranean basin but also from the coasts of

20 MODEST GUTU Mauritania, I suprisingly realized the presence of five new species (besides that one, mentioned above, from the waters of Algeria), three from the coasts of Israel, one from the Balearic Sea, and one from the African North Atlantic. Also I established the presence of the species Apseudes hastlfrons in the Gulf of Neaples, this thing confirming its validity. From the six new species, whose preliminary descriptions I present in this paper, some of them (according to what Lang sustains, op.cit.) should be considered synonyms of A. acutlfrons G. 0. Sars, 1882. Revalidating the above-mentioned species and describing the new ones, the number of the species of the genus Apseudes, known from the Mediterranean basin, increases from 16 to 24, according to the last data (Bird, 2001). Family Apseudidae Leach, 18 14 Subfamily Apseudinae Leach, 18 14 Genus Apseudes Leach, 18 14 Although during the last half of the 2oth century remarcable progresses have been done for the knowledge of the apseudomorph tanaidaceans, at the level of all systematical categories (families, subfamilies, genera and species) still there are sufficient difficulties, sometimes very serious, in identifying and classifying them correctly, either for a species or even for a genus. Among the present "imperfect" taxa, the family Apseudidae is in one of the first places, and within this family, genus Apseudes is continuously the most heterogenous. Even a superficial analysis of the species previously classified in the genus Apseudes and of those presently accepted is enough for understanding the exagerated diversity reached at one time. However genus Apseudes remains insuficiently well "delimited", including species which can be classified in separated "groups" in their turn, with genus rank or, at least, subgenus. Unfortunately, till these aspects will be solved, we have to admit the present situation, involuntarily contributing to the conhsion amplification. The lack of a minute description of the type species of genus Apseudes (it is about Apseudes talpa=gammarus talpa Montagu, 1808) makes me to wonder if species as Apseudes acutifions, A. latreillii and others (which were included in this genus from the beginning) really belong to the same phyletic line with the type-species. Moreover, minute observations led me to the conclusion that we have to give a greater importance to some morphological features, apparently minor, and wrongly included in the "variability" category. I refer to the intimate morphology and chetotaxy of the pereonites, pereopods, to the chetotaxy of some appendages or some microstructures which, as it was pointed out (Gup, 1998,2001 b), are defining in the exact identification of the species. Ignoring the absence of the lateral spiniform apophysis from the first half of the pereonites 3-6 by Lang (op. cit.) in the species A. ostrournovi, as well the number of the spines on the pereopod I1 propodus (or pereopod I in other specialists' acceptance) in A. hastifrons, led to their synonymization with Apseudes acutifrons. As regards the synonymization of Apseudes latreillii mediterraneus with A. latreillii, Sieg (op. cit.) didn't take into consideration the size of the respective taxa bodies and nor the number of the propodal spines of the pereopod 11. The study permitted me to find the constant presence of some morphological features in all species which can be easily confound, to whom we did not pay much attention many times, generating errors, as in the above mentioned species. When I

CONTRTBUTTONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS APSEUDES (CRUSTACEA, TANAIDACEA) 2 1 do these assertion I refer to: (1) body length, (2) the intimate shape and the pereonite chetotaxy, (3) number and size of the hyposphenians from the pereonite level, in females with oostegites, (4), constant number of spines on the pereopod I1 propodus, in males, females and juveniles, (5) chetotaxy at the level of antennules, antennae, chelipeds, etc., (6) number of the articles of the uropodal endopodites. (For removing confusions, I specify that I have included the genital cone within the hyposphenian category, and I made remarks on them only in the females with oostegites, knowing that in those with eggs, the hyposphenians are resorbed, of course excepting the genital cone which is confused with the hyposphenians on the last pereonite). The presence of some identical morphological features in some of these species could be a good criterion for the future division of the genus Apseudes in several genera or subgenera. Apseudes acutifrons G.O.Sars, 1882 (Fig. 1) 1882 Apseudes acutifions, G.O.Sars, Arch. Math. Nah~rv., 7: 15 1899 Apseudopsis acutifrons, Norman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., London, 7 (3):330 1955 Apseudes crcufifrons, Lang, Atlantide Rep., 3:61-74 (partim) 1983 Apseudes acutifrons, Sieg, Crustaceorurn Catalogus, 6:37-43 (partim) 1993 Apseudes acutijrons, Riggio, Boll. Mus. St., Verona, 20:689 (partim) 2001 Apseudes actrtifions, Bird, European Register of Marine Species, 50:3 13 (partim) Material examinat: 1 female with oostegites (incomplete, without antennules, antennae and uropods), Gulf of Naples, 1887. Diagnosis (female with oostegites). Body about 6.5 times longer than the width of carapace; length of body, about 8 mm. Carapace relatively as long as wide, with long and acute rostrum; ocular lobes present, with an acute process. Pereonites shorter than wide, with a pointed and short prolongation in the latero-caudal corner; first, second and sixth pereonite little shorter than the others; pereonites third to sixth with an acute process in the first half, laterally (Fig. 1 A); hyposphenians great, present on the second, third, fifth and sixth pereonites (Fig. 1 B); few simple setae are present in the rostra1 margin of each pereonite (Fig. 1 A). Pleon with five pleonites and pleotelson; each pleonite with some plumose setae, laterally; pleotelson at least 1.5 times longer than its maximum width, with a swelling and three-four setae, in the first half, laterally. Cheliped with one strong spine on the middle of basis, ventrally, and some setae, ventrally and dorsally; exopodite present; merus with seven-eight setae, disto-ventrally; carpus about 3.5 times longer than wide, with 12 long setae and other three short, on the ventral side; propodus, little shorter than the basis, with well developed finger and claw (Fig. 1 C). Pereopod I1 with one, two and four strong spines on merus, carpus and propodus, respectively, on the sternal margin, in the last two articles each spine alternating with a seta; one and two spines, and many setae are present on carpus and propodus, disto-tergally, as in the drawing (Fig. ID); exopodite present; coxa with a long and acute spiniform process, visible dorsally on the level of first pereonite (Fig. 1 A). Pleopods biramous, uni-articled, in five pairs. Geographic distribution: Ligurian Sea (Spezia) and Tyrrhenian Sea (Gulf of Naples).

22 MODEST GUTU Fig. I - Apseudes acut$-ons G.O.Sars, 1882, female: A, body, dorsally; B, pereon, laterally; C, cheliped; D, pereopod 11. Apseudes hastifrons Norman and Stebbing, 1886 (Fig. 2) 1884 Apseudes Latreillii, Claus, Arb. Zool. Inst. Univ., Wien, 5 (3):3 19-333 1886 Apseudes clausi, Boas, Zool. Jahrb., 2: 109 1886 Apseudes hastifrons. Norman and Stebbing, Trans. Zool. Soc., London, 12: 133 1899 Apseudopsis hastifrons, Norman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7 (3):330,339 1955 Apseudes acutifrons, Lang, Atlantide Rep., 3:6 1-74 (partim) 1980 Apseudes ostroumovi, Blcescu, Rev. Roum. Biol., Biol. Anim., 25 (2):87 198 1 Apseudes ostroumovi. Bgcescu, Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Medit., 27 (2):2 16 (partim) 1983 Apseudes acutifuons, Sieg, Crustaceorurn Catalogus, 6:37-43 (partim) 1993 Apsetrdes ostroumovi, Riggio, Boll. Mus. St., Verona, 20:689 2001 Apseudes hastifrons, Bird, European Register of Marine Species, 50:3 13 (partim) 1925 nec. Apseudes hastifrons, Monod, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat., Maroc, 5 (3):63 Material examined: 13 specimens (7 males, 5 females with oostegites and 1 juvenile), collected as follows: 7 specimens (2 males, 4 females and 1 juvenile) from Split (Adriatic Sea), Expedition "Calypso", 7 November, 1977 and 6 specimens (5 males and 1 female with oostegites) from Gulf of Naples (Tyrrhenian Sea), 197 1, Leg. Dr. Ulrich Schiecke. Diagnosis Cfemale with oostegites). Body 6.2 times longer than the width of carapace; maximum length of body, 7.5 mrn. Carpace, pereonites (and its hyposphenians), pleonites, pleotelson and cheliped (Fig. 2 A, B and E), pleopods, uropod etc. similar to A. acutifrons (Fig. 1 A-C). Antennule with four-five simple setae on the each side of first and second peduncular article, disto-laterally; inner flagellum with three articles and outer one with seven, without common article

CONTFUBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THEGENUS APSEUDES (CRUSTACEA, TANAIDACEA) 23 Fig. 2 - Apseudes hastifions Norman and Stebbing, 1886, female (A-E, G and I) and male (F and H): A, body, dorsally; B, pereon, laterally; C, antennule; D, antenna; E and F, cheliped; G, pereopod 11; H, pereopod VI (basis, ischium and merus); I, pereopod VI, proximal part of basis.

24 MODEST GUTU (Fig. 2 C). Antenna with five-articled peduncle and six-articled flagellum; squama present, with 9-12 setae (Fig. 2 D). Cheliped and pereopod I1 with exopodite (Fig. 2 E and G). Cheliped with carpus 2.7 times longer than its wide (Fig. 2 E). Pereopod I1 with six spines on the sternal margin of propodus (Fig. 2 G); only in very rare cases pereopod I1 has five propodal spines. Pereopod VI with a row of seven-eight spiniform prolongations situated on the proximal inner face of basis (Fig. 2 I). Uropod with three-articled exopodite, and 44-48-articled endopodite. Males with cheliped little stronger than the same of female having a stout tubercle on the fixed finger, proximally, and one smaller, on the dactylus (Fig. 2 F). Pereopod VI with the basis similar to the same of females, having a row of 12 denticles, proximaly (Fig. 2 H). Remarks. In spite of the resemblance between A. hastifrons and A. acutij?ons, the presence of the proximal row of spines on the inner side of the pereopod VI basis in A. hastifrons (Fig. 2 H and I) excludes their synonymization. Moreover, the different number of the spines on the pereopod I1 propodus (Figs. 1 D and 2 G) as well the different chetotaxy of the chelipeds (Figs. 1 C and 2 E) prove to be good specific features which cannot be considered "variability" (Lang, op.cit.). Another argument in the behalf of the validity of A. hastifrons is that it was found in the Gulf of Neaples (the first record) together with A. acutifrons. By their presence and the shape of the spiniform apophyses displayed in the first half of the pereonites 3-6, A. hastifrons, together with A. acutifrons, A. tenuimanus G. 0. Sars, 1882, A. elisae Bgcescu, 196 1 etc. form a "group" different from A. latreillii, A. mediterraneus, A. ostroumovi etc., in which those apophyses are absent. Geographic distribution: Adriatic Sea (Trieste and Split) and Tyrrhenian Sea (Gulf of Naples). Apseudes ostroumovi (Bicescu and Cirgu~u, 1947) (Fig. 3) 1947 Apse~ldopisis ostroumovi, Bicescu and Cidu$u, Bull. Sec. Sci., Acad. Roumaine, 29 (6):368 1955 Apseudes acutijrons, Lang, Atlantide Rep., 3:61-74 (partim) 1957 Apseudes ostroumovi, Valkanov, Arb. Biol. Meerestat. Varna, 19:3 1 1969 Apseudopsis ostroumovi, Makkaveeva, Otread kleshnenonsnye osliki, ili anizopody, Kiev, 2:404 1983 Apseudes acutifions, Sieg, Crustaceorurn Catalogus, 6:37-43 (partim) 2001 Apseudes acutzfions, Bird, European Register of Marine Species, 50:3 13 2001 Apseudes hastifrons, Bird, European Register of Marine Species, 50:3 13. 2001 Apseudes latreillii mediterraneus, Guy, Trav. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. "Grigore Antipa", 43:62 1980 nec. Apseudes oslrournovi, Bicescu, Rev. Roum. Biol., Biol. Anim., 25 (2):87 198 1 nec. Apsezrdes ostroumovi, Bscescu, Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Medit., 27 (2):2 16 1996 nec. Apseudes oslrournovi, Riggio, Boll. Mus. St., Verona, 20:689 Material examined: 23 specimens (6 males, 7 females with eggs, 4 females with oostegites, and 6 juveniles), Black Sea, in front of Bosfor (41' 25' N - 28' 59' E), 81 m deep, May 7, 1957. Diagnosis Cfemale with oostegites). Body 5.2 times longer than the width of carapace; maximum length of body 7.5 rnrn. Carapace as long as wide, with a pointed rostrum; ocular lobes present, with an acute process. Pereon with first three pereonites approximately equal with the last three ones; all pereonites shorter than wide, rounded antero-laterally, having an acute and short prolongation in the laterodistal comers; first, second and sixth pereonite little shorter than the others (Fig. 3 A); second, third and sixth pereonite with long hyposphenia, and fourth and fifth

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS APSEUDES (CRUSTACEA. TANAIDACEAI 25 ones with short hyposphenia (Fig. 3 B); few simple setae are present in the laterorostra1 margin of each pereonite. Pleon with five pleonite and a pleotelson; each pleonite with some plumose setae, laterally, and an acute process, postero-laterally; pleotelson, little longer than its width, with a swelling and three-four setae, in the first half, laterally. Antennule (Fig. 1 C): first peduncular article longer than outer flagellum, with 15-16 unequal setae on the inner margin (from which six setae are grouped distally); four broom setae, one simple seta and six ones (grouped distally) Fig. 3 - Apseudes ostroumovi (Bicescu and Ciriu~u, 1947), female (A-E and G) and male (F): A, body, dorsally; B, pereon, laterally; C, antennule; D, antenna; E and F, cheliped; G, pereopod 11.

26 MODEST GUTU are present on the outer side; inner flagellum three-articled and outer one with eight (rarely seven) articles (without common article). Antenna (Fig. 1 D) with five-sixarticled flagellum; squama well developed, with 11-13 long setae, around. Cheliped and pereopod I1 with exopodite. Cheliped: lnerus with six to eight setae, distosternally; carpus (4.3 times longer than its wide) with six-seven long setae on the sternal margln (Fig. 3 E). Pereopod I1 with three-four strong spines on propodus, sternally; coxa with a long and acute spiniform process and few setae (Fig. 3 G), visible dorsaly at the level of first pereonite (Fig. 3 A). Pleopods biramous, uniarticled, in five pairs. Uropod with three-articled exopodite; endopodite with 32-36 articles. Males, with cheliped stronger than the same of females, having a shorter but stronger carpus, and a tuberculiform prominence on the fixed finger (Fig. 3 F). Reniarks. As I have mentioned before, synonymizing A. ostrotimovi with A. acut$-ons, Lang (op. cit.) did not take into consideration the intimate form of the pereonite 3-6. Because of the absence of the spiniform apophyses on the first half of the pereonites 3-6, A. ostroumovi resembles most with A. latreillii than with A. acutifi-ons. As a matter of fact, by the n~orphology of these pereonites, A. latreillii, together with other species (A. ostro~imovi, A. mediterraneus and some new species, described further on) fonn a "unity" within genus Apseudes, different from the species from the "group" A. acutifrons. The species A. ostrotimovi from the Adriatic Sea (Bgcescu, 1980, 1981, Riggio, 1993) is, in fact A. hastifions, and A. ostroumovi, cited by BBcescu (1981) in the Balearic Sea (near Barcelona) and considered by Gutu (2001 a) as the subspecies A. latreillii mediterraneus, belongs to a new species, described further on. Geographic distribution: Only the Black Sea. Apseudes nzediterraizeus Biicescu, 196 1 (Fig. 4) 1961 Apsettdes Intreillii mediter~nneus, Bgcescu, Bull. Res. Council, Israel, 10 B (4): 160 1983 Apse~tdes Irt/reillii, Sieg, Crustaceorurn Catalogus, 6:61-66 (partim) 1993 Apseudes In!reillii, Riggio, Boll. Mus. St., Verona, 20:689 (partim) 2001 Apseudes latreillii. Bird, European Register of Marine Species, 50:3 13 2001 nec. Apselrdes In!reillii mediterrctnetts, Gutu, Trav. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. "Grigore Antipa", 43:62 Material examined: 15 specimens (4 males, 2 females with eggs, 3 females with oostegites and 6 juveniles), Coasts of Israel, Haifa, 1970 (without other collecting data). Diagnosis (female with oostegites). Body 5.7 times longer than the width of carapace; maximum length of body 3.8-4 inm. Carapace, pereon, pleon and pleotelson (Fig. 4 A) similar to some of A. ostroumovi (Fig. 3 A), excepting the hyposphenians, which are present only on the second and last pereonite (Fig. 4 B). Antenllule (Fig. 4 C) with inner flagellum three-articled and outer one with six to eight articles (without common article). Antenna (Fig. 4 D) with five-seven-articled flagellum; squama well developed, with 1 1-13 long setae, around. Cheliped and pereopod I1 with exopodite (Fig. 4 E, G). Cheliped with basis having four or five setae on the anterior margin, and a very small spine and four setae on the posterior side; merus with about 12 setae, disto-sternally; carpus with nine long setae and four shorter, sternally; propodus well developed, with numerous and different setae

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS APSEUDES (CRUSTACEA, TANAIDACEA) 27 (Fig. 4 E); dactylus slightly recurved. Pereopod I1 with four strong spines on propodus, sternally (Fig. 4 F); coxa with a long and acute spiniform process, visible dorsaly on the level of first pereonite (Fig. 4 A). Pleopods biramous, uni-articled, in five pairs. Uropod with three-articled exopodite; endopodite with 28-32 articles. Males, with cheliped stronger than the same of females (Fig. 4 F). Remarks. From G. 0. Sars's description (op. cit.) it results that Apseudes latreilli from the din Tyrrhenian Sea (Gulf of Naples) has the body length of about 6 mm, inner flagellum of the antennule is four-articled, and the pereopod I1 propodus Fig 4 - Apseudes n~editerraneus Bgcescu, 1961, female (A-E and G) and male (F): A, body, dorsally; B, pereon, laterally; C, antennule; D, antenna; E and F, cheliped; G, pereopod 11.

28 MODEST GUTU,...-- 0.4 mm: D-H Fig. 5 - Ayseudes annabensis n. sp., female (A-F and H) and male (G), paratypes: A, body, dorsally; B, pereonites 3 and 4, dorsally; C, pereon; D, antennule; E, antenna; F and G, cheliped; H, pereopod 11.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS APSEUDES (CRUSTACEA, TANAIDACEA) 29 has three spines, in comparison with A. mediterraneus, which is at the most of 3.8-4 min long, inner flagellum of the antennule is three-articled, and pereopod I1 propodus has constantly four spines. Under these circumstaces I consider necessary to validate and, in the same time, to raise (at species level) the subspecies described by Bgcescu (1961). I reached this conclusion after the observations I made on two specimens (males and females) of Apseudes latreilli from the Atlantic Ocean (Guernsey), whose morphological features are identical to those described by G. 0. Sars (op. cit.) from the Meditarranean Sea. Apseudes annabensis n.sp. (Fig. 5) Material examined: 22 specimens (females, males and juveniles), Mediterranean Sea, Coasts of Algerie, near Annabe, April, 1973. Holotype, female, is deposited in the Collections of the Muzeul National de Istorie Naturali "Grigore Antipa", Bucharest (Romania), No. 250,117; Allotype, male, in the same museum, No. 250,118; Paratypes, 8 females, 4 males and 4 juveniles, in the same museum, No. 250,119. Diagnosis female with oostegites). Body six times longer than the carapace width; maximum length: 4.5 mm. Carapace, pereon (excepting hyposphenians), pleon, pleotelson, pleopods and cheliped (Fig. 5 A, B and F) relativelly similar to the same of Apseudes ostroumovi (Figs 3 A, E and F) and A. rnediterraneus (Fig. 4 A and E). Only sixth pereonite with hyposphenia (Fig. 5 C). Antennule (Fig. 5 D ) with seven setae on the second half of inner side of first peduncular article, and other six simple setae on the outer margin, five from which are grouped distally; inner flagellum three-articled and outer one six-seven-articled (without common article). Antenna (Fig. 5 E), with squama; flagellum with six-seven articles. Cheliped with exopodite; merus with eight-nine setae on the disto-ventrally curvature (Fig. 5 F). Pereopod I1 with a spiniform prolongation on the coxa and five long spines on propodus; exopodite present (Fig. 5 H). Uropods with three-articled exopodite and 28-3 1 -articled enopodite. Males with stronger cheliped that in females, having a rounded prominence and 7-8 simple setae, on the middle of carpus, sternally (Fig. 5 G). Type locality: Annaba (Coast of Algeria, Mediterranean Sea). Etymology: From the "Annaba", the type-locality of species. Remarks. The main features which diferentiate the Apseudes annabensis n. sp., by other species of the genus, consist in the number of propodal spines of pereopod I1 this being the only one from the Mediterranean Sea which has five spines (Fig. 5 H). Another difference consists in the absence of hyposphaenia (Fig. 5 C). Apseudes bacescui n.sp. (Fig. 6) 1981 Apseudes ostroumovi, Bgcescu, Rapp. Comm, int. Mer Medit., 27 (2):2 16 (partim) 1996 Apseudes ostroumovi, Riggio, Boll. St. Mus. Verona., 20:689 (partim) 2001 Apseudes latreillii medilerraneus, Gum, Trav. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. "Grigore Antipa", 43:62

30 MODEST GUTU Material examined: 18 specimens (2 females with eggs, 2 females with oostegites, 1 female with rest of marsupium, 7 males and 6 juveniles), Expedition "Calypso", Balearic Sea (near Barcelona), 28 July 1977, 13 m deep. Holotype, female with oostegites, is deposited in the Collections of the Muzeul National de Istorie Natural5 "Grigore Antipa", Bucharest (Romania), No. 250,200; Allotype, male, in the same collection, No. 250,201; Paratypes, 12 specimens (2 females with eggs, 1 with oostegites and 1 with rest of marsupium, 4 males and 4 juveniles), in the same museum, No. 250, 202. Fig. 6 - Apseudes bacescui n. sp., female (A-E and G) and male (F), paratypes: A, body, dorsally; B, pereon, laterally; C, antennule; D, antenna; E and F, cheliped; G, pereopod 11.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS APSEUDES (CRUSTACEA, TANAIDACEA) 3 1 Other material, 4 specimens (2 males and 2 juveniles), in collection of author. Diagnosis female with oostegites). Body 6.5 times longer than the width of carapace; maximum length, 7 mm. Carapace, pereon, pleon, pleotelson (Fig. 6 A) and pleopods, relatively similar to the same of A. ostroumovi (Fig. 3 A), A. mediterraneus (Fig. 4 A), and A. annabensis n. sp. (Fig. 5 A, B). The second, third and sixth pereonite with hiposphenia, the first two being smaller (Fig. 6 B). Antennule (Fig. 6 C) with 14-15 setae on the inner side of first peduncular article, and 12-13 on the outer one (seven of them being grouped distally); inner flagellum three-articled, and outer one seven-articled, rarely six-articled (without common article). Antenna (Fig. 6 D) with well developed squama, having 13-15 long simple setae, around; flagellum six-seven-articled. Cheliped (Fig. 6 E) is characterized by very numerous setae disposed on the disto-sternal angle of merus (numbering 18 to 22 setae). Pereopod I1 (Fig. 6 G) with four spines on the propodus, sternally. Uropod with three-articled exopodite; endopodite with 32-35 articles. Males with cheliped stronger than in females; propodus with an evident tuberculiform prominence on the inner side of propodal finger, proximally; dactylus, also, with a tuberculiform process, smaller than the same of fixed finger (Fig. 6 F). Etymology: I dedicated this species to the memory to the late Professor Mihai Bgcescu, for his remarcable contributions to the knowledge of tanaidaceans. Type-locality: Balearic Sea (near Barcelona, Spain). Remarks: The maine characteristics of the species Apseudes bacescui n. sp. consist of the great length of boby, the presence of four spines on the propodus of pereopod I1 (Fig. 6 G), and presence in the females (with oostegites) of three hyposphenia, disposed on the second, third and sixth pereonite (Fig. 6 B). Apseudes apocryphus n. sp. (Fig. 7) Material examined: 25 specimens ( 4 males, 11 females with marsupium, 6 females with oostegites, and 4 juveniles), Coast of Israel, Haifa, 1973. Holotype (female with oostegites), deposited in the Collections of the Muzeul National de Istorie Naturali "Grigore Antipa", Bucharest (Romania), No. 250,222; Allotype (male), in the same museum, No. 250,223; Paratypes, 23 specimens (3 males, 11 females with marsupium, 5 females with oostegites, and 4 juveniles), in the same museum, No. 250,224. Diagnosis female with oostegites). Body about 5.5 times longer than the width of carapace; maximum length of body: 3.5-3.7 mm. Carapace, pereon (excepting hyposphenia), pleon and pleotelson (Fig. 7 A) similar to the same of the species belonging of A. ostroumovi "group". Hyposphenia present on the third and sixth pereonite (Fig. 7 B). Antennule (Fig. 7 C) with inner flagellum three-articled and outer one eight-ten articled (without common article). Antenna with five-sixarticled flagellum; squama well developed, with 8-12 setae, around (Fig. 7 D). Cheliped (Fig. 7 E): basis with a very small spines and four long setae, ventrally, and other four-five, dorsally; merus with eight setae on the disto-sternal angle and four ones on the lateral surface; carpus with five long setae on the ventral side, two ones laterally and other two dorsally; propodus and dactylus without special features; exopodite present. Pereopod 11: coxa with spinifonn prolongation; basis large, with a small spine and few long setae, disto-sternally; exopodite present; merus with a strong spine, disto-sternally, and few setae, stemally and disto-tergally; carpus with

32 MODEST GUTU Fig. 7 - Apseudes apoc~phus n.sp., female (A-E and G) and male (F), paratypes: A, body, dorsally; B, pereon, laterally; C, antennule; D, antenna; E and F, cheliped; G, pereopod 11.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS APSEUDES (CRUSTACEA, TANALDACEA) 33 two strong spines, ventrally, and other one disto-tergally, and many long setae tergally and distally; propodus with three strong spines alternating with a seta, sternally, and two strong spines and few setae disto-tergally (Fig. 7 G). Pleopods, in five pairs, biramous and uni-articled, with long plumose setae, around. Uropod with inner rami 28-32-articled, and outer one with three articles. Males with stronger cheliped than in female, having a well developed tubercle on the inner side of fixed finger, proximally (Fig. 7 F). Type-locality: Haifa (Coast of Israel, Mediterranean Sea). Etymology: From the Greek apokryphos, "apocryphal", refering to the great similarity with others species of the genus Apseudes, and specially with A. latreillii. Remarks. By the number of the spines (of three) on the pereopod I1 propodus, A. apocryphus n. sp. resembles very well with A. latreillii (Milne-Edwards, 1828). In spite of this, as it results from G. 0. Sars's description (op. cit.) and as I could personally observed on two specimens from the Atlantic (Guernsey), A. latreillii has the inner flagellum of the antennule formed of four articles (without the common article with the outer flagellum), and the males have a well developed proximal tubercle on the inner margin of the dactylus. In A. apocryphus the inner flagellum of the antennule has only three articles, and the cheliped dactylus has no proximal tubercle in males. More than that, the adult specimemns of A. latreillii exceed 6 mm long, whiles A. apocryphus is 3.7 mm at the most. The differences between A. apocryphus and the other species with some common features (A. ostroumovi, A. mediterraneus, A. bacescui n. sp., A. annabensis n. sp., and A. arguinensis n. sp.) occur both in the number of the spines on the pereopod I1 propodus (which is four in the first three species, and five and six in the other two, respectively), and the number and distribution of hyposphenia in females with oostegites (Figs. 3 B, 4 B, 5 C,6 B, 7 Band 10C) A special remark is that one regarding the presence of a parasite similar to those mentioned by Biicescu (1980), Biicescu and Williams (1988), and Guw and Heard (2002) on the antenna flagellum. Apseudes minimus n.sp. (Fig. 8) Material examined: 1 female with eggs (holotype), Mediterranean Sea, Coast of Israel, Haifa, 5 March, 1970, deposited in the Collections of the Muzeul National de Istorie Naturali "Grigore Antipa", Bucharest (Romania), No. 250,203. Diagnosis female with marsupium). Body about 5.3 times longer than the maximum width of carapace; standard length, 2.8 mm. Carapace little shorter than its width; rostrum acute, with two rounded lobes at base, laterally (Fig. 8 B); ocular lobes present, with visual elements. Pereon with small spiniform processes, on each pereonite, disto-laterally; first two pereonites shorter, and approximately equal between them; third and fourth pereonite longest; fifth pereonite little shorter that previous one and slightly longer than sixth (Fig. 8 A). Pleon with five very short pleonites (measuring as much as fifth pereonite) and pleotelson (Fig. 8 A). Antennule (Fig. 8 B) with six-seven setae on both margins of first peduncular article; inner flagellum with three articles and outer one with six (without common article). Antenna with peduncle five-articled; squama present, with six or seven setae; flagellum five-articled (Fig. 8 B). Cheliped with general aspect relativelly

34 MODEST GUTU Fig. 8 - Apseudes minimus n. sp., female, holotype: A, body, dorsally; B, frontal part of carapace with antennule and antenna; C, cheliped; D, pereopod 11; E, pereopod 111, basis and ischiurn. similar to the same of the species belonging to the A. ostroumovi "groupe"; merus with five setae, disto-sternally; exopodite present (Fig. 8 C). Pereopod 11: coxa with spiniform process; merus, carpus and propodus with one, two and three spines, respectively, and few setae, sternally (Fig. 8 D). Basis of pereopod 111 with an antero-proximal swelling, having three or four long simple setae (Fig. 8 E), similar to the basis of other species belonging to the A. acutifrons or A. ostroumovi "groups". Pleopods, in five pairs, biramos and uni-articled, with long plumose setae around. Uropod with three-articled exopodite; exopodite with 2 1-22 articles. Type-locality: Haifa (Coasts of Israel, Mediterranean Sea). Etymology: From the Latin minimus, "very small", "smallest", with regard of length of body.

CONTRZBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS APSEUDES (CRUSTACEA. TANAIDACEA) 35 Remarks. A. minimus n. sp. has the following different features comparatively with other species of the genus: - the very small length of body; - large lobes at base of rostrum; - third and fourth pereonite visible longer than the other ones; - pleonites (measured together) shorter than the third or fourth pereonite. Apseudes tridens n.sp. (Fig. 9) Material examined: 1 female with oostegites (holotype), Mediterranean Sea, Coast of Israel, Haifa, 1970 (without other collected data), deposited in the Collections of the Muzeul Nafional de Istorie Natural5 "Grigore Antipa", Bucharest (Romania), No. 250,204. Diagnosis gemale with oostegites). Body 6.5 times longer than the width of carapace; length, about 6 mm (Fig. 9 A). Carapace little longer than its width; rostrum long and acute, with two pointed tooth at base (Fig. 9 B); ocular lobes present, acute anteriorly. Pereon with first three pereonites shorter than the last three; each pereonites with a spiniform process, disto-laterally (Fig. 9 A); hyposphenia present in the last four pereonites, the first two being shorter (Fig. 9 C). Pleon and pleotelson similar to the same of A. ostroumovi. Antennule (Fig. 9 D) with eight simple setae (three subterminally) on the inner side of first peduncular article; three broom setae and one simple are present on the middle of outer margin, and others four, subterminally; inner falgellum with three articles, and outer ones with ten articles (without common article). Antenna (Fig. 9 E) with a well developed squama, having 14-15 long setae, around; flagellum with seven articles, each of them having at least one very long simple seta, on the outer margin. Cheliped with one strong spine and three setae on the middle of posterior side of basis; exopodite present; merus with eight unequal setae in the disto-sternal angle; carpus long, with ten long setae, sternally; propodus relatively thin, with long fixed finger; dactylus thin, with well developed claw (Fig. 9 F). Pereopod I1 with five to seven simple setae on the each side of the first half of basis and one strong spine and three setae, disto-sternally; merus, carpus and propodus with one, two and four long spines, respectively, alternating with one or two setae, stemally; carpus and propodus with one and two spines, respectively, and some setae, disto-tergally; exopodite with six long plumose setae on the last article (Fig. 9 G). Pleopods biramous, uniarticled, in five pairs. Uropod with three-articled exopodite and about 44-47-articled endopodite. Type-locality: Haifa (Coast of Israel, Mediterranean Sea). Etymology: After the Latin tridens, "trident", "with three tooth", with regard to aspect of frontal margin of carapace. Remarks. The new species distinguishes to all the other species of the genus Apseudes from the Mediterranean Sea by the shape of the rostal margin of the carapace, as well by the presence of four hyposphenians displayed on the last pereonites in the females with oostegites. Apseudes arguinensis n. sp. (Fig. 10) 1925 Apseudes hastifions, Monod, Bull. Soc. Sc. Nat., Maroc, 5 (3):63,64. 1955 Apseudes acutijrons, Lang, Atlantide Rep., 3:61-74 (partim) I983 Apseudes acutifrons, Sieg, Crustaceorum Catalogus, 6:37-43 (partim)

36 MODEST GUTU Fig. 9 - Apseudes tridens n. sp., female, holotype: A, body, dorsally; B, frontal part of carapace; C, pereon; D, antennule; E, antenna; F, cheliped; G, pereopod 11. Material examined: more of 150 specimens (males, females and juveniles), the Atlantic Ocean, Coast of Mauritania (Banc d'arguin), Campagne "Thalassa", January-February, 197 1. Holotype, female with oostegites, deposited in the Collections of the Muzeul National de Istorie Natural5 "Grigore Antipa" Bucharest (Romania), No. 250,205; Allotype, male, in the same museum, No. 250,206; Paratypes, 30 specimens (males, females and juveniles), in the same museum, No 250,207. Other material, more of 120 specimens, in the same museum, No. 250,208. Diagnosis female with oostegites). Body six times longer than the width of carapace; maximum length, about 7 mm (Fig. 10 A). Carapace with short and acute

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS APSEUDES ICRUSTACEA. TANAIDACEA) 37 rostrum; ocular lobes present, acute, with visual elements (Fig. 10 D). Pereon (excepting the much number of setae disposed on the anterior comers of pereonites 3-6, Fig. 10 B, and hyposphenia), pleon, pleotelson and cheliped (Fig. 10 F) relatively similar to the same of A. annabensis n. sp, and A. bacescui n. sp. Hyposphenia present on the second and sixth pereonites (Fig. 10 C). Antennule (Fig. 10 D) with 9-10 setae on the middle of inner side of first peduncular article, and 4-5 subterminally; 10-1 1 setae on the outer margin, subterminally, and only one on the middle side; second peduncular article with about 11-13 setae on the outer side, Fig. 10 - Apseudes arguinensis n. sp., female (A-F and H) and male (G), paratypes: A, body, dorsally; B, pereonite 3, left part, dorsally; C, pereon, laterally; D, frontal part of carapace with right antennule; E, antenna; F and G, cheliped; H, pereopod 11.

3 8 MODEST GUTU distally, and four-five on the inner side, subterminally; inner flagellum with three short articles, and outer ones with seven or eigth (without common article). Antenna (Fig. 10 E) with five-articled peduncle; squama well developed, with about 14-16 setae; flagellum five-six-articled. Cheliped (Fig. 10 F) relatively similar to the same of above described species. Pereopod I1 (Fig. 10 H) with six (in very rare cases five) spines on the propod, sternally; exopodite present, with six plumose setae on the last article. Pleopods in five pairs, biramous, uniarticled, with numerous plumose setae, around. Uropodal exopodite three-articled; endopodite 28-36-articled. Males with stonger cheliped that in females (Fig. 10 G). Type-locality: Mauritania (North-western Coast of Africa, Atlantic Ocean). Etymology: From "Arguin", the area from which the species was collected. Remarks. By the body aspect, A. arguinensis n. sp. resembles with A. annabensis n. sp. and A. bacescui n. sp., but by the number of propodal spines of pereopod 11, the first species resemble with A, hastifrons. By the disposition of hyposphenians, A. arguinensis resemble with A. mediterraneus, the main feature which differentiated these two species consisting in the number of propodal spines of pereopod I1 (six spines in the first species and only four in the last one). Personally I am convinced that Monod (1925) referred to this species when he cited A. hastifrons in the waters of Mauritania, being put on the wrong track by the number of the spines on the pereopod I1 propodus. The presence of the spine row from the proximal end of the pereopod VI in A. hastifrons (Fig. 2 H and I) and its absence in the specimens from the African North Atlantic is the best argument that the two species are not synonyms as Lang established. Moreover, the presence of a single hyposphenial spine (excluding the genital cone), of a small size (at the level of the pereonite 2) in the species from Mauritania is another argument in favour of the validity of the species. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express my sincere thanks to my colleague, Mrs. Mihaela Achim-Barcan, for the English translation, as well as to the two anonimous reviewers of the paper. CONTRIBUTII LA CUNOA$TEREA GENULUI APSEUDES LEACH, 18 14 (CRUSTACEA: TANAIDACEA, APSEUDOMORPHA) DIN BAZINUL MEDITERANEAN $I ATLANTICUL NORD AFRICAN REZUMAT Ca urmare a unui studiu aminuntit, bazat pe un bogat material, apaqinind la zece specii din genul Apseudes Leach, 1814 (noui provenind din diverse zone ale Bazinului mediteranean ~i una din apele Atlanticului nord african), au fost revalidate speciile Apseudes hastifrons Norman $i Stebbing, 1886 ~i A. ostro~rmovi (Bicescu $i Ciriu$u, 1947), sinonimizate de Lang (1955) cu A. acutifrons G.O.Sars, 1882. A mai fost revalidat ($i ridicat la rang de specie), A. I(itreil1ii mediterraneus Bicescu, 1961, sinonimizat de Sieg, 1983 cu A, latreillii. A. ostroumovi din apele Mirii Adriatice (citat de Bicescu, 1980, 1981), este in realitate A. hastifrons, iar A. ostroumovi (citat de Bicescu, 1981) din apele Mririi Baleare este considerati o noui specie. A. hastifrons este mentionat pentru prima data in Golhl Napoli. Tot odati sunt descrise Vase specii noi, trei de pe Coastele Israelului (A. apocryphus, A. minimus ~i A. tridens) $i cgte una din apele Spaniei (A, bacescui), ale Algeriei (A. annabensis) ~i Coastele Mauritaniei (A. arguinensis), ultima citati de Monod (1925) ca fiind A. hastifrons $i sinonimizati de Lang (op.cit.) cu A. acutifrons.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS APSEUDES (CRUSTACEA. TANAIDACEA) 39 LITERATURE CITED BACESCU, M., 1961 - Contribution la connaissance des TanaidacCs de la Mtditerranee Orientale - 1. Les Apseudidae et Kalliapseudidae des Cotes d'israel. The Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, Section B. Zoology, I0 B (4): 137-170. BACESCU, M., 1980 - Contribution a la connaissance des Monokonophora (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) de la Mer Mtditerrannte; description de deux esptces nouvelles, Apseudes sicilianus sp. n. et A. misarai sp. n. Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Strie de Biologie Animale, 25 (2):83-91. BACESCU, M., 1981 - Sur quelques Apseudidae (Crustacea-Tanaidacea) de la MCditerranCe Occidentale et de I'Adriatique, avec les diagnoses de deux taxons nouveaux: Apseudes sicilianus n. sp. et A. misarai n. sp. Rapport Commission int. Mer MCditerranCe, 27 (2):215-2J 8.- BACESCU, M., A. CARAUSU, 1947 - Apseudopsis ostroumovi n. sp. dans la Mer Noire (morphologie, affinitts phylogtnttiques, tcologie). Bulletin de la Section Scientifique, Acadkmie Roumaine, 29 (6):366-383. BACESCU, M., I. WILLIAMS, 1988 - Pectiapseudes carolinensis, new gen., n. sp. (Tanaidacea) discovered in continental slope waters of north and south Carolina (USA). Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Strie de Biologie Animale, 33 (1):3-6. BIRD, G., 2001 - Tanaidacea. Pp. 310-315. In: M. J. Costello, C. Emblow, R. White (eds), European Register of Marine Species. A check-list of the marine species in Europe and bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoine naturels, 50. BOAS, J. E. V., 1886 - Kleinere carcinologische Mittheilungen. I. Eine neue Art der Gattung Apseudes, Apseudes clausii. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 2: 109-116. CLAUS, C., 1884 - Uber Apseudes latreillii Edw. und die Tanaiden. Pars. I. Arb. Zool. Inst.Univ.,Wien, 5 (3):319-333. GUTU, M., 1998 - Importance of the pereopodal microstructures for the identification of some Apseudomorphan species and genera (Crustacea, Tanaidacea). Travaux du MusCum National d'histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa", 40: 137-152. Gum, M., 2001 a -Appearance and reality in the knowledge of the tanaidacean crustaceans from the Mediterranean Basin. Travaux du MusCum National dlhistoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa", 43:59-63. GUW, M., 2001 b - Identification of two species of the genus Pagurapseudopsis Shiino, 1963 making use of the microshuctures of pereopod V (Crustacea: Tanaidacea, Apseudomorpha). Travaux du MusCum National d'histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa", 43:73-77. Gum, M., R. W. HEARD, 2002 - A new genus and species of a new family of apseudomorph tanaidaceans (Crustacea: Peracarida), from Australian waters. Travaux du Musturn National d'histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa", 44:93-103. LANG, K., 1955 - Tanaidacea from Tropical West Africa. Scientific results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa, 1945-1946, Atlantide Report, 3:57-81. MAKKAVEEVA, E. B., 1969 - Otread kleshnenonsnye osliki, ili anizopody - Anisopoda (Tanaidacea), Tom vtoroi, Pp. 402-408. In: Opredeliteli fauny Cernogo i Azovskogo Morei. Izdatelistvo "Naukova Duma", Kiev. (In Russian). MONOD, T., 1925 -Tanaidaces et Isopodes aquatiques de I'Afrique occidentale et septentrionale. Bull. Soc. Sc. Nat., Maroc, 5 (3):62-70. NORMAN, M. A,, 1899 - British Isopoda Chelifera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Serie 7, 3:326-341. NORMAN, A. M., T.R.R., STEBBING, 1886 - On the Crustacea Isopoda of the "Lighting", "Porcupine" and "Valorous" Expeditions. Transactions of the Zoological Society, 12 (4):77-139. RIGGIO, S., 1996 -Tanaidacei dei mari Italiani: quadro delle conoscenze. Boll. Mus. St. nat.,verona, 20:583-698. SARS, G. O., 1882 - Revision af gruppen Isopoda Chelifera. Arch. Math. Natuw., Cristiania, 7: 1-54. SIEG, J., 1983 - Tanaidacea. Pp. 1-552. In: H. E. Gruner, L. B. Holthuis (eds),... Crustaceorum Catalogus, Hague. VALKANOV, A,, 1957 - Katalog unserer Schwarzmeerfauna. Arb. Biol. Meerestat. Varna, 19: 1-62. Received: April 10, 2002 Accepted: May 17, 2002 Muzeul National de Istorie Natural6 "Grigore Antipa" $os. Kiselefl nr. 1, 79744 Bucurejti 2 Romrinia e-mail: mgutu@antipa.ro