Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 65 (2017) 94-122 EISSN 2392-2192 Anomala Samouelle, 1819 (Rutelinae: Scarabaeidae) of Buxa Tiger Reserve, Dooars, West Bengal, India. Part I Subhankar Kumar Sarkar 1,a, Sumana Saha 2,b, Dinendra Raychaudhuri 3,c 1 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India 2 Department of Zoology, Barasat Govt. College, 10 K.N.C Road, Barasat (N 24 Parganas), Kolkata - 700124, West Bengal, India 3 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, IRDM Faculty Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Narendrapur, Kolkata - 700103, West Bengal, India a-c E-mail address: rishi.subho@gmail.com, sahasumana2010@gmail.com, dinendrarccu@gmail.com ABSTRACT Taxonomy of Anomala Samouelle, 1819 recorded from Buxa Tiger Reserve, Dooars, West Bengal, India is dealt herewith. Present discourse is the result of long term investigation on insect fauna of the study area carried out by the authors. The current paper presents the detailed taxonomic account of 10 species while rest of the species will be presented in the succeeding issue. Each of the species is redescribed and illustrated, supplemented by digital images. Further, an identification key and a note on the distribution of the recorded taxa is also provided. Keywords: Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Anomala, Redescription, Distribution, Buxa Tiger Reserve, Dooars, India
1. INTRODUCTION Anomala Samouelle, 1819 is one of the largest genera in the entire animal kingdom consisting of nearly 1000 species worldwide, of which about 800 are represented in the old world (Jameson et al 2003). Classification of the genus is variably known worldwide. Several authors have placed them within the group Anomalini under the subfamily Rutelinae or Rutelidae (Arrow 1917, Machatschke 1957, 1972-1974, Moron et al 1997) while others have placed them within the tribe Anomalini under the subfamily Rutelinae (Potts 1974 77, Jameson 2002, Paucar-Cabrera & Jameson 2003, Jameson et al 2003, Smith 2003, Ratcliffe & Jameson 2016). There have been a number of homonyms created for the genus throughout its taxonomic history and finally in the year 1989 it was placed and stabilized as Anomala Samouelle, 1819 on the official list of generic names in Zoology by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Jameson et al 2003). Though several researchers have reported the occurrence of this genus throughout the globe yet a comprehensive checklist of the world and particularly of the oriental region is not available. On the contrary Indian Anomala is known by the regional works of Mittal (1999 & 2005), Chatterjee & Biswas (1995), Saha & Raychaudhuri (1998), Sarkar et al (2010), Chandra (1988 & 2005), Chandra et al (2012), Chandra & Gupta (2012a, b & c). In spite of large species representation and economic importance as agricultural pests the genus still lacks a comprehensive taxonomic treatment and demands serious attention. Extremely diverse tropical rain forests support rich biodiversity by providing habitats for a huge range of insect species. The increased rate of habitat destruction and climate change results in the extinction of many species from these forests without ever being discovered and documented. Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR) is one such fine example of tropical rain forest of Eastern Himalayas of India experiencing the problem. It is with this background, present authors have taken initiative to explore and document the insect fauna of the study area and also to present a detailed taxonomic account of the recorded species. In the process a total of 76 scarab species have been recorded so far (Saha & Raychaudhuri 1998, Raychaudhuri & Saha 2014, Sarkar et al 2010 14 15 16a, b & c) out of which 20 belong to the genus dealt herewith. Of the twenty recorded species, Sarkar et al (2010) though reported Anomala discalis Walker 1859, A. fallaciosa Arrow 1917, A. fissilabris Arrow 1912 and A. nigrovaria Arrow 1917 as new from the country but did not provide the taxonomy. Present discourse is on the first ever taxonomic detail of the members of Anomala Samouelle, 1819 recorded from BTR. Part-I of the discourse presents the detailed taxonomy of 10 recorded species while the rest will be dealt in Part-II. Each of the taxa is redescribed and illustrated nearly after a century since Arrow (1917). A key for identification of all the 20 recorded species (presented in Part-I of the discourse) and notes on their distribution are also provided. The taxa are considered sensu Arrow (1917) & Potts (1974). Study area: The study area Buxa Tiger Reserve represents one of the tropical rain forests of Eastern Himalaya which is one of the 35 biodiversity hotspots of the world and one of the four of India. It occupies an area of about 759.26 kms 2 and falls under the biogeographic province 7B lower Gangetic plain. The reserve is located between latitudes 26 30 to 26 55 North and longitudes 89 20 to 89 35 East of India (Figure 1) -95-
Figure 1. Location map of Buxa Tiger Reserve. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS Both extensive and intensive surveys were conducted during 1993 2005 in different beats under different ranges of Buxa Tiger Reserve. Field visits were made in every month of each calendar year during the period of survey (except 15 th June to 15 th September when the forest remains closed). For collection of diurnal species sweep nets, bush beating and hand picking techniques were used and for the nocturnal ones UV light traps were installed and operated in various localities of the forest. Samples after collection were killed in chloroform and preserved in 70% alcohol in glass vials. Necessary data regarding locality, date of collection, collector s name was noted in a note book in the field. Stretching, pinning and labeling were done as per the guidelines laid down by Zoological Survey of India. The collected samples were studied under Stereozoom Binocular Microscopes Olympus SZX7 and SZX16. Part of the male samples stored in 70% alcohol were kept separately in order to dissect out the genitalia. This was met out under the microscope with the help of very sharp scalpel, forceps, needles and brush. After dissection the genital capsule containing parameres was cleared in clove oil. The genital capsule was then boiled in 10% KOH for 5-10 minutes to remove muscles. After study, the male genitalia were preserved in a micro vial containing 70% alcohol along with the adult specimen. Drawings were made with the aid of necessary accessories attached to the microscopes. Photographs were taken by a digital camera attached to the microscopes. All measurements are in millimeters, made with an eye piece graticule and each scale bar represents 1mm, if not otherwise mentioned. All materials are in the collection of Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, IRDM Faculty Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Kolkata, India. -96-
3. RESULTS Family Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1802 Subfamily Rutelinae MacLeay, 1819 Tribe Anomalini Streubel, 1839 Sub tribe Anomalina Streubel, 1839 Genus Anomala Samouelle, 1819 Anomala Samouelle, 1819, The entomologist s Useful Companion, 191. Diagnosis: Body short, broad or elongate; opaque or shiny; labrum horizontal; antennae 9-10 segmented; head short and broad, transverse; clypeus semicircular or rectangular, front margin straight, curved or medially notched; pronotum transverse, sides medially round or angulate, base round or sinuate; elytra punctate striate or sulcate or punctured in longitudinal rows, apical and sutural margins often with membranous fringe; pygidial apex round; fore tibia bi or tridentate, mid and hind tibiae carinate externally and truncate at extremity. Type species: Melolontha aenea De Geer, 1775 Distribution: Worldwide (Arrow 1917; Jameson et al 2003; GBIF 2016; Ratcliffe & Jameson 2016). Key to species: 1. Base of pronotum sinuate and medially produced.....2 - Base of pronotum round and medially not produced... 13 2. Fronto-clypeal suture marked by a transverse straight line...3 - Fronto-clypeal suture marked by a transverse sinuate or curved line...11 3. Elytra punctate striate...4 - Elytra punctured in longitudinal rows...9 4. Antenna 9 segmented...5 - Antenna 10 segmented...7 5. Head coarsely and densely punctured...6 - Head minutely and scantily punctured... nigrovaria Arrow, 1917 6. Pronotum with an anterolateral elevation on each side; apex of scutellum blunt; pygidium minutely punctured...fallaciosa Arrow, 1917 - Pronotum without an anterolateral elevation on each side; apex of scutellum conical; pygidium rugose...discalis Walker, 1859 7. Body elongate; pronotal margin elevated and reflexed, without mid-longitudinal groove...8 - Body elongate; pronotal margin neither elevated nor reflexed, with a mid-longitudinal groove...... varicolor (Gyllenhal, 1817) 8. Cylindrical in shape; sides of pronotum medially angulate... blanchardi Arrow, 1917 - Oval in shape; sides of pronotum gradually round... variivestis Arrow, 1917-97-
9. Front margin of clypeus excised, nearly straight and elevated at angles; sides of scutellum sinuate... bengalensis (Blanchard, 1851) - Front margin of clypeus not excised, round and not elevated at angles; sides of scutellum round... 10 10. Pronotal margins elevated; scutellum medially excavate; pygidium strigos.trochanterica Arrow, 1917 - Pronotal margins not elevated; scutellum medially not excavate; pygidium coriaceous... signaticollis Nonfried, 1893 11. Browny bronze, metallic; pronotal margins elevated and reflexed; apex of scutellum blunt...rufiventris Redtenbacher, 1848 - Testaceous, non metallic; pronotal margins neither elevated nor reflexed; apex of scutellum conical... 12 12. Head and clypeus minutely punctured; fronto-clypeal suture entirely carinate; elytra not sulcate... bilobata Arrow, 1912 - Head and clypeus rugose; fronto-clypeal suture laterally carinate; elytra deeply sulcate...bilunata Fairmaire, 1888 13. Front margin of clypeus not reflexed...14 - Front margin of clypeus reflexed...16 14. Fronto-clypeal suture marked by a transverse straight line; sides of pronotum Medially angulate... pusilla Arrow, 1912 - Fronto-clypeal suture marked by a transverse curved line; sides of pronotum round...15 15. Head rugose; clypeus semicircular; pronotum with a mid-longitudinal line, base emarginate; sides of scutellum round... birmana (Heller, 1891) - Head coarsely punctured; clypeus not semicircular; pronotum without a mid-longitudinal line, base margined; sides of scutellum straight... polymorpha (Arrow, 1911) 16. Fore tibia tridentate... 17 - Fore tibia bidentate... 18 17. Front margin of clypeus medially notched and bilobed; sides of pronotum medially angulate; elytral apex and suture with a membranous fringe; pygidium minutely punctured...... fissilabris Arrow, 1912 - Front margin of clypeus medially straight and not bilobed; sides of pronotum round; elytral apex and suture without a membranous fringe; pygidium rugose..biharensis Arrow, 1917 18. Head and clypeus rugose, latter not depressed; pronotal base not produced; elytral margins not elevated...19 - Head and clypeus coarsely punctured, latter depressed; pronotal base produced; elytral margins elevated... variegata Hope, 1831 19. Non metallic; pronotal base margined; elytral humps indistinct; fore tibial teeth sharp... tincticeps Arrow, 1917 - Metallic; pronotal base not margined; elytral humps distinct; fore tibial teeth blunt... siliguria Arrow, 1917-98-
Anomala nigrovaria Arrow, 1917 (Figure 2A, 4A-J) Anomala nigrovaria Arrow, 1917: 149. Description: Length 9.33 mm, humeral width 5 mm. Body short, oval, compact and convex. Colour and markings (Figure 2A, 4A): Pale testaceous yellow with vertex of head, median part of pronotum, leaving an anterior midlongitudinal line, margins of scutellum, two patches at sutural junction and one longitudinal anterolateral patch on elytra, a faint patch on each side of propygidium black; venter scantily setose. Head (Figure 4A&B): Short and transverse; scantily and minutely punctured. Clypeus (Figure 4A&B): Short and transverse; rugose; front margin reflexed and gently round at angles. Fronto-clypeal suture (Figure 4A&B): Marked by a transverse nearly straight line. Interocular width: 3.11 x transverse eye diameter. Antenna (Figure 4C): 9 segmented, club 1.4 x stem. Pronotum (Figure 4A): Transverse; coarsely punctured laterally and finely punctured medially; anterolaterally with an indication of a short elevation on each side forming a depression beneath; sides gradually round; base sinuate and produced into a round lobe at middle; front angles acute and hind angles obtuse. Scutellum (Figure 4A): Short; obtusely triangular; coarsely punctured; sides gradually round; apex blunt. Elytra (Figure 4A): Punctate striate, striae 12 on each disc; intervals smooth except few fine punctures; margins elevated and laterally reflexed; humeral angles nearly right angle and apical angles not formed; humps evident. Pygidium (Figure 4D): Rugose. Mesosternum (Figure 4E): Laterally strigose, medially smooth and marked by a longitudinal line. Fore tibia (Figure 4F): Bluntly bidentate; subterminally with 1 short spur. Mid and hind tibiae (Figure 4G&H): Carinate externally; truncate and fringed with long spines at extremity; terminally with 2 unequal spurs. Tarsi (Figure 4F, G&H): 5 segmented. Claws (Figure 4F, G&H): Unequal, with the longer one of fore and mid cleft. Parameres (Figure 3A&B, 4I&J): Short and elongate; base broad; sides round; inner margin deeply curved; apex pointed and projected downwards, inner angle acute. Material examined: 1, Jayanti, BTR, 22.iv.03, coll. S.K.Sarkar. Distribution: India: West Bengal; Myanmar; Vietnam (Arrow 1917, Sarkar et al 2010). Anomala fallaciosa Arrow, 1917 (Figure 2B, 5A-H) Anomala fallaciosa Arrow, 1917: 179. Description: Length 12.77 mm, humeral width 6 mm. Body elongate, compact and convex. Colour and markings (Figure 2B, 5A): Testaceous with head excepting frons and base, scutellum and elytra marginally, black; clypeus brown; pronotum with a faint and broken -99-
brown spot on each anterolateral side and a similar coloured patch on each side of elytra between the sutural and lateral margin; metasternum medially with a black patch on each lateral side; hind tarsi and claw black brown; venter scantily setose. Head (Figure 5A&B): Short and transverse; coarsely and densely punctured. Clypeus (Figure 5A&B): Transverse; coarsely and densely punctured; front margin reflexed and gently round at angles. Fronto-clypeal suture (Figure 5A&B): Marked by a transverse straight line. Interocular width: 3.5 x transverse eye diameter. Antenna (Figure 5C): 9 segmented, club 0.83 x stem. Pronotum (Figure 5A): Transverse; medially finely and laterally coarsely punctured; anterolaterally with an indication of a little elevation on each side; sides gradually round; base sinuate and gently produced into a round lobe at middle; front angles acute and hind angles obtuse. Scutellum (Figure 5A): Short, tongue like; minutely punctured; sides gradually round; apex blunt. Elytra (Figure 5A): Punctate striate, striae 12 on each disc; intervals irregularly and scantily punctured; lateral margin elevated and reflexed; humeral angles obtuse and apical angles not formed; humps elevated. Pygidium (Figure 5D): Scantily and minutely punctured. Mesosternum (Figure 5E): Strigose; medially marked by a longitudinal line. Fore tibia (Figure 5F): Bidentate; subterminally with 1 short spur. Mid and hind tibiae (Figure 5G&H): Carinate externally; truncate and fringed with long spines at extremity; terminally with 2 unequal spurs. Tarsi (Figure 5F, G&H): 5 segmented. Claws (Figure 5F, G&H): Fore and mid unequal, with the longer one cleft; hind equal. Material examined: 1, Poro, BTR, 28.iii.03, coll. S.K.Sarkar. Distribution: India: West Bengal; Myanmar (Arrow 1917, Sarkar et al 2010). Anomala discalis Walker, 1859 (Figure 2C, 6A-H) Anomala discalis Walker, 1859: 56. Anomala discalis Arrow 1917: 176. Description: Length 13 mm, humeral width 6.85 mm. Body short and broad posteriorly, oval, compact and moderately convex. Colour and markings (Figure 2C, 6A): Testaceous, with a faint metallic suffusion; clypeus, vertex of head, pronotum except lateral margins, scutellum, elytra at regions, hind tibiae and all tarsi deep brown; forehead and two median patches on pronotum red brown; pygidium except pale yellow sides and apex light green; pygidial apex and metasternum fringed with long yellow hairs; moderately shiny. Head (Figure 6A&B): Short and transverse; coarsely and densely punctured. Clypeus (Figure 6A&B): Short; coarsely and densely punctured; front margin medially straight and round at angles. Fronto-clypeal suture (Figure 6A&B): Marked by a transverse straight line. Interocular width: 3.4 x transverse eye diameter. -100-
Antenna (Figure 6C): 9 segmented, club 0.94 x stem. Pronotum(Figure 6A): Coarsely and densely punctured; sides gradually round; base completely margined, sinuate and roundly produced at middle; front angles acute and hind angles nearly right angle. Scutellum (Figure 6A): Short; scantily and minutely punctured; sides round; apex conical. Elytra (Figure 6A): Deeply and coarsely punctate striate forming sulci; intervals coarsely and confluently punctured; humeral angles obtuse and apical angle acute; humps evident. Pygidium(Figure 6D): Coarsely rugose. Mesosternum (Figure 6E): Coarsely and densely punctured. Fore tibia (Figure 6F): Bluntly bidentate; subterminally with 1 short spur. Mid and hind tibiae (Figure 6G&H): Carinate externally; truncate and fringed with long spines at extremity; terminally with 2 unequal spurs. Tarsi (Figure 6F, G&H): 5 segmented. Claws (Figure 6F, G&H): Fore and mid unequal, with the longer one cleft; hind equal. Material examined: 2, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 29.iii.02, coll. S.K.Sarkar. Distribution: India: West Bengal; Sri Lanka (Arrow 1917, Sarkar et al 2010). Anomala varicolor (Gyllenhal, 1817) (Figure 2D&E, 7A-J) Melolontha varicolor Gyllenhal, 1817: 114. Anomala varicolor Arrow, 1917: 152. Description: Length 13.14 mm, humeral width 6.3 mm. Body short, narrowed in front, compact and convex. Colour and markings (Figure 2D&E, 7A): Testaceous with clypeus red brown; posterior part of head, a large discoidal patch on pronotum, leaving the lateral and basal margin and an anterior midlongitudinal line, sutural and lateral margin, striae and apex of elytra and entire pygidium black; hind tibiae, tarsi and claw brown; venter scantily setose. Head (Figure 7A&B): Elongate and transverse; coarsely and densely punctured. Clypeus (Figure 7B): Short and transverse; coarsely and densely punctured; front margin reflexed and round at angles. Fronto-clypeal suture (Figure 7B): Marked by a transverse straight line. Interocular width: 5.5 x transverse eye diameter. Antenna (Figure 7C): 10 segmented, club 0.71 x stem. Pronotum (Figure 7A): Roughly hexagonal; finely and coarsely punctured; medially with a mid-longitudinal groove extending from front margin to little beyond middle; sides bluntly angulate at middle; base sinuate and roundly produced at middle; front angles acute and hind angles obtuse. Scutellum (Figure 7A): Short; obtusely triangular; scantily and minutely punctured; sides gradually round; apex blunt. Elytra (Figure 7A): Punctate striate, striae 12 on each disc; intervals coarsely and scantily punctured; margins elevated and laterally reflexed; humeral angles nearly right angle and apical angles obtuse; humps evident. Pygidium (Figure 7D): Coarsely and densely punctured. -101-
Mesosternum (Figure 7E): Laterally rugose, medially smooth and marked by a longitudinal line. Fore tibia (Figure 7F): Bluntly bidentate; subterminally with 1 short spur. Mid and hind tibiae (Figure 7G&H): Carinate externally; truncate and fringed with long spines at extremity; terminally with 2 unequal spurs. Tarsi (Figure 7F, G&H): 5 segmented. Claws (Figure 7F, G&H): Unequal, with the longer one of fore and mid cleft. Parameres (Figure 3C&D, 7I&J): Short and broad; base nearly equal to apex; sides nearly straight; inner margin outwardly curved; apex blunt. Material examined: 1, Panbari, BTR, 20.v.95, coll. S.Saha; 1, Damanpur, BTR, 18.iv.02, coll. S.K.Sarkar; 1, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 29.iii.02, coll. S.K.Sarkar; 1, Poro, BTR, 28.iii.03, coll. S.K.Sarkar. Distribution: India: Bihar, Tamilnadu, Uttarakhand and West Bengal; China; Sri Lanka (Arrow, 1917; Chatterjee & Biswas, 1995; Saha & Raychaudhuri, 1998). Anomala blanchardi Arrow, 1917 (Figure 2F&G, 8A-J) Anomala blanchardi Arrow, 1917: 160. Description: Length 13.44 mm, humeral width 6.44 mm. Body elongate, cylindrical, compact and convex. Colour and markings (Figure 2F&G, 8A): Testaceous with posterior part of head, margins of elytra and scutellum black; basal part of pronotum with a faint purplish reflection; hind tarsi and claw brown; venter scantily setose. Head (Figure 8A&B): Elongate and transverse; coarsely and densely punctured. Clypeus (Figure 8A&B): Short and transverse; coarsely and densely punctured; front margin reflexed and round at angles. Fronto-clypeal suture (Figure 8B): Marked by a transverse straight line. Interocular width: 2.54 x transverse eye diameter. Antenna (Figure 8C): 10 segmented, club 0.89 x stem. Pronotum (Figure 8A): Roughly hexagonal; both finely and coarsely punctured; margin elevated and reflexed; sides gradually round; base sinuate and roundly produced at middle; front angles acute and hind angles round. Scutellum (Figure 8A): Short; tongue shaped; scantily and minutely punctured; margins with a membranous fringe; sides gradually round; apex blunt. Elytra (Figure 8A): Punctate striate, striae 12 on each disc; intervals smooth; margins elevated and laterally reflexed, apical and sutural with a fine membranous fringe; humeral angles nearly right angle and apical angles obtuse; humps evident. Pygidium (Figure 8D): Coarsely and densely punctured. Mesosternum (Figure 8E): Laterally rugose, medially smooth and marked by a longitudinal line. Fore tibia (Figure 8F): Bluntly bidentate; subterminally with 1 short spur. Mid and hind tibiae (Figure 8G&H): Carinate externally; truncate and fringed with long spines at extremity; terminally with 2 unequal spurs. Tarsi (Figure 8F, G&H): 5 segmented. Claws (Figure 8F, G&H): Unequal, with the longer one of fore cleft. -102-
Parameres (Figure 3E&F, 8I&J): Short and elongate; base broad; sides round; inner margin curved; apex pointed and projected downwards. Material examined: 1, Nimati, BTR, 22.v.97, coll. S.Saha; 1, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 29.iii.02, coll. S.K.Sarkar; 1, Nimati, BTR, 07.vi.03, coll. S.K.Sarkar. Distribution: India: West Bengal; Myanmar (Arrow 1917, Saha & Raychaudhuri 1998). Anomala variivestis Arrow, 1917 (Figure 2H, 9A-H) Anomala variivestis Arrow, 1917: 156. Description: Length 13 mm, humeral width 5.71 mm. Body elongate, oval, compact and convex. Colour and markings (Figure 2H, 9A): Testaceous with clypeus brown; posterior 2/3 rd part of head, a marginal band on scutellum and elytral suture black; venter scantily setose. Head (Figure 9A&B): Elongate and transverse; coarsely and densely punctured. Clypeus (Figure 9B): Short and transverse; coarsely and densely punctured; front margin reflexed and round at angles. Fronto-clypeal suture (Figure 9B): Marked by a transverse straight line. Interocular width: 3.5 x transverse eye diameter. Antenna (Figure 9C): 10 segmented, club 0.74 x stem. Pronotum (Figure 9A): Transverse; both finely and coarsely punctured; margins elevated and reflexed; sides gradually round; base sinuate and roundly produced at middle; front angles acute and hind angles obtuse. Scutellum (Figure 9A): Short; obtusely triangular; nearly smooth; margins with a membranous fringe; sides gradually round; apex blunt. Elytra (Figure 9A): Punctate striate, striae 12 on each disc; intervals smooth; margins elevated and laterally reflexed; humeral angles nearly right angle and apical angles obtuse; humps evident. Pygidium (Figure 9D): Coarsely punctured. Mesosternum (Figure 9E): Laterally rugose, medially smooth and marked by a longitudinal line. Fore tibia (Figure 9F): Bluntly bidentate; subterminally with 1 short spur. Mid and hind tibiae (Figure 9G&H): Carinate externally; truncate and fringed with long spines at extremity; terminally with 2 unequal spurs. Tarsi (Figure 9F, G&H): 5 segmented. Claws (Figure 9F, G&H): Unequal, with the longer one of fore and mid cleft. Material examined: 1, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 20.v.95, coll. S.Saha; 1, Ghoramara, BTR, 17.v.02, coll. S.K.Sarkar; 1, Ghoramara, BTR, 13.iii.03, coll. S.K.Sarkar. Distribution: India: Assam, Manipur and West Bengal (Arrow 1917, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 1998). -103-
Anomala bengalensis (Blanchard, 1851) (Figure 2I, 10A-J) Rhinoplia pallidicollis Blanchard, 1851: 182. Anomala bengalensis Arrow 1917: 143. Description: Length 14.66 mm, humeral width 7.66 mm. Body elongate, oval, compact and moderately convex. Colour and markings (Figure 2I, 10A): Pale testaceous yellow with head, sides of pronotum, scutellum, elytra, hind tibiae and all tarsi blackish brown. Head (Figure 10A&B): Short and transverse; rugose. Clypeus (Figure 10B): Short; transversely rectangular; rugose; front margin strongly reflexed, medially gently excised, nearly straight and elevated at angles. Fronto-clypeal suture (Figure 10B): Marked by a transverse straight line. Interocular width: 3.45 x transverse eye diameter. Antenna (Figure 10C): 9 segmented, club 0.78 x stem. Pronotum (Figure 10A): Minutely and densely punctured; margins elevated; sides gradually round; base sinuate and roundly produced at middle; front angles right angle and hind angles obtuse. Scutellum (Figure 10A): Short; scantily and minutely punctured; sides sinuate; apex blunt. Elytra (Figure 10A): Coarsely and deeply punctured in longitudinal rows; intervals scantily punctured; humeral and apical angles nearly right angle; humps evident. Pygidium (Figure 10D): Coriaceous medially and minutely punctured at sides. Mesosternum (Figure 10E): Laterally rugose, medially smooth and marked by a longitudinal line. Fore tibia (Figure 10F): Tridentate; subterminally with 1 short spur. Mid and hind tibiae (Figure 10G&H): Carinate externally; truncate and fringed with long spines at extremity; terminally with 2 unequal spurs. Tarsi (Figure 10F, G&H): 5 segmented. Claws (Figure 10F, G&H): Fore and mid unequal, with the longer one cleft; hind equal. Parameres (Figure 3G&H, 10I&J): Short and broad; base broad; sides outwardly curved; inner margin outwardly curved; apex blunt. Material examined: 1, SouthVolka, BTR, 19.v.95, coll. S.Saha; 1, South Volka, BTR, 19.v.97, coll. S.K.Sarkar. Distribution: India: Chennai, Tamilnadu and West Bengal; Myanmar (Arrow 1917, Chatterjee & Biswas 1995, Saha & Raychaudhuri 1998). Anomala trochanterica Arrow, 1917 (Figure 2J, 11A-H) Anomala trochanterica Arrow, 1917: 238. Description: Length 11.3 mm, humeral width 5.75 mm. Body elongate, narrowed in front, compact and litttle convex. Colour and markings (Figure 2J, 11A): Blackish brown with front and basal margin of pronotum, sutural margin of elytra black. -104-
Head (Figure 11A&B): Short and elongate; coarsely and densely punctured. Clypeus (Figure 11A&B): Short and transverse; coarsely and densely punctured; front margin gently reflexed and round at angles. Fronto-clypeal suture (Figure 11B): Marked by a transverse straight line, strongly evident at sides. Interocular width: 5 x transverse eye diameter. Antenna (Figure 11C): 9 segmented, club 0.84 x stem. Pronotum (Figure 11A): Hexagonal; broad at base and narrow anteriorly; medially nearly smooth and laterally coarsely punctured; margins elevated and little reflexed except above scutellum; sides sinuate, obtusely angulate at middle and sloping in front; base sinuate and roundly produced at middle; front angles acute and hind angles obtuse. Scutellum (Figure 11A): Short; obtusely triangular; nearly smooth; medially shallowly excavate enclosing a short longitudinal depression; sides gradually round; apex blunt. Elytra (Figure 11A): Coarsely punctured in longitudinal rows, with the punctures coalesce at apex forming rugosity; intervals scatteredly punctured; margins elevated, sutural one with a membranous fringe at posterior half and apex; angles obtuse; humps evident. Pygidium (Figure 11D): Transversely strigose. Mesosternum (Figure 11E): Laterally coarsely punctured, medially smooth and marked by a deep longitudinal groove. Fore tibia (Figure 11F): Bluntly bidentate; subterminally with 1 short spur. Mid and hind tibiae (Figure 11G&H): Carinate externally; truncate and fringed with long spines at extremity; terminally with 2 unequal spurs. Tarsi (Figure 11F, G&H): 5 segmented. Claws (Figure 11F, G&H): Fore and mid unequal, with the longer one of both cleft and of fore dilated at base; hind equal. Material examined: 1, Raimatang, BTR, 30.v.96, coll. S.Saha; 1, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 10.iv.03, coll. S.K.Sarkar. Distribution: India: Sikkim and West Bengal (Arrow 1917, Saha & Raychaudhuri 1998). Anomala signaticollis Nonfried, 1893 (Figure 2K&L, 12A-J) Anomala signaticollis Nonfried, 1893: 334. Anomala signaticollis Arrow 1917: 198, pl III, fig.36. Description: Length 13.75 mm, humeral width 7.25 mm. Body short, oval, compact and convex. Colour and markings (Figure 2K&L, 12A): Pale yellow with head and clypeus red brown; a large patch on head basally, pronotum excepting the lateral margin, scutellum, a lusture and sutural margin of each elytron green; all tibiae and tarsi black brown; venter scantily setose. Head (Figure 12A&B): Short and transverse; coarsely and densely punctured at base, nearly smooth in front. Clypeus (Figure 12A&B): Short and transverse; smooth at base, rest rugose; front margin reflexed and round at angles. Fronto-clypeal suture (Figure 12B): Marked by a transverse straight line. Interocular width: 4.8 x transverse eye diameter. Antenna (Figure 12C): 9 segmented, club 0.85 x stem. -105-
Pronotum (Figure 12A): Transverse; coarsely and densely punctured; margins little elevated and reflexed; sides gradually round and sloping anteriorly; base sinuate and roundly produced at middle; front angles acute and hind angles obtuse. Scutellum (Figure 12A): Short; obtusely triangular; coarsely and densely punctured; sides gradually round; apex blunt. Elytra (Figure 12A): Finely punctured in longitudinal rows; intervals scatteredly and minutely punctured; apex and posterior part of suture with a fine membranous margin; humeral angles acutely blunt and apical angles obtuse; humps elevated. Pygidium (Figure 12D): Coriaceous. Mesosternum (Figure 12E): Medially excavate, smooth and marked by a longitudinal line; marginally coarsely punctate. Fore tibia (Figure 12F): Bluntly bidentate, second very short; subterminally with 1 short spur. Mid and hind tibiae (Figure 12G&H): Carinate externally; truncate and fringed with long spines at extremity; terminally with 2 unequal spurs. Tarsi (Figure 12F, G&H): 5 segmented. Claws (Figure 12F, G&H): Fore and mid unequal, with the longer one cleft; hind equal. Parameres (Figure 3I&J, 12I&J): Short and elongate; base broad; sides curved; inner margin straight; apex conical. : Hind tibia much slender; divisions of longer front claw are remote from tip. Material examined: 1, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 29.iii.02, coll. S.K.Sarkar; 1, South Rydak, BTR, 03.iii.03, coll. S.K.Sarkar; 1, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 09.iii.03, coll. S.K.Sarkar. Distribution: India: Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya and West Bengal (Arrow 1917, Chatterjee & Biswas 1995, Sarkar et al 2010). Anomala rufiventris Redtenbacher, 1848 (Figure 2M&N, 13A-J) Anomala rufiventris Redtenbacher, 1848: 526. Anomala rufiventris Arrow 1917: 236. Description: Length 19 mm, humeral width 10 mm. Body long, oval, compact and convex. Colour and markings (Figure 2M&N, 13A): Browny bronze with green metallic lusture. Head (Figure 13A&B): Short and transverse; coarsely and densely punctured; vertex with a short and blunt elevation at middle. Clypeus (Figure 13A&B): Short and transverse; coarsely and densely punctured at base, rugose in front; front margin gently reflexed and round at angles. Fronto-clypeal suture (Figure 13B): Marked by a transverse sinuate line. Interocular width: 4 x transverse eye diameter. Antenna (Figure 13C): 9 segmented, club 0.87 x stem. Pronotum (Figure 13A): Short and transverse; coarsely and densely punctured; margins elevated and little reflexed; sides gradually round and sloping anteriorly; base sinuate and roundly produced at middle; front angles acute and hind angles obtuse. Scutellum (Figure 13A): Obtusely triangular; coarsely and densely punctured; sides gradually round; apex blunt. -106-
Elytra (Figure 13A): Coarsely and densely punctured in longitudinal rows; intervals scatteredly punctured; margins elevated and reflexed; humeral angles blunt and sutural angles obtuse; humps elevated. Pygidium (Figure 13D): Transversely strigose. Mesosternum (Figure 13E): Laterally rugose; medially nearly smooth, depressed and marked by a longitudinal groove. Fore tibia (Figure 13F): Bluntly bidentate, first very sharp; subterminally with 1 short spur. Mid and hind tibiae (Figure 13G&H): Carinate externally; truncate and fringed with long spines at extremity; terminally with 2 unequal spurs. Tarsi (Figure 13F, G&H): 5 segmented. Claws (Figure 13F, G&H): Fore and mid unequal, with the longer one cleft and dilated at base; hind equal. Parameres (Figure 3K&L, 13I&J): Elongate; base broad; sides sinuate; inner margin curved and acutely toothed near base; apex acute and projected downwards. : First tooth of fore tibia very blunt; inner fore claw acute. Material examined: 2, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 08.v.94, coll. S.Saha; 1, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 09.v.94, coll. S.Saha; 1, Jayanti, BTR, 11.v.94, coll. S.Saha; 2, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 18.v.95, coll. S.Saha; 1, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 19.v.95, coll. S.Saha; 1 1, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 20.v.95, coll. S.Saha; 1, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 16.ix.96, coll. S.Saha; 1 1, Newlands, BTR, 17.v.97, coll. B.Kundu; 2 1, Sankosh, BTR, 18.v.97, coll. S.Saha; 2 1, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 20.v.97, coll. S.Saha; 1, Damanpur, BTR, 02.v.02, coll. S.K.Sarkar; 1, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 29.iii.02, coll. S.K.Sarkar; 1 2, Cheko, BTR, 07.vi.02, coll. S.K.Sarkar; 1, Nimati, BTR, 21.v.02, coll. S.K.Sarkar; 2, Kumargram, BTR, 11.iv.03, coll. S.K.Sarkar; 1, Sankosh, BTR, 20.iii.03, coll. S.K.Sarkar; 1, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR, 31.v.03, coll. S.K.Sarkar. Distribution: India: Assam, Manipur, Uttarakhand and West Bengal; Bhutan (Arrow 1917, Chatterjee & Biswas 1995, Saha & Raychaudhuri 1998). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to MOEF, GOI for financing the research work (Sanction no. 14/34/2000-ERS/RE, Dt.17/10/01), Head, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. Hon ble Vice chancellor, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, for providing necessary laboratory facilities. Thanks are extended to all officials and field staffs of Buxa Tiger Reserve for their cooperation during field work. Thanks are due to all colleagues for their assistance. References [1] Arrow G J. 1917. The fauna of British India including Ceylon & Burma. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia (Rutelinae, Desmonycinae and Euchirinae), Pl-V (Taylor & Francis) London II: 1-387. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8865 [2] Blanchard E. 1851. Catalogue de la collection entomologique. Classe des insectes. Ordre des coléoptères. Tome I. Professeur-administrateur: m. Milne-Edwards. aidenaturaliste: m. Émile Blanchard, sous-aide: m. H. Lucas, Paris: 1-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9083. -107-
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Figure 2. A. Anomala nigrovaria Arrow, 1917, dorsal habitus; B. Anomala fallaciosa Arrow, 1917, dorsal habitus; C. Anomala discalis Walker, 1859, dorsal habitus; D. Anomala varicolor (Gyllenhal, 1817), dorsal habitus; E. Anomala varicolor (Gyllenhal, 1817), dorsal habitus; F. Anomala blanchardi Arrow, 1917, dorsal habitus; G. Anomala blanchardi Arrow, 1917, dorsal habitus; H. Anomala variivestis Arrow, 1917, dorsal habitus; I. Anomala bengalensis (Blanchard, 1851), dorsal habitus; J. Anomala trochanterica Arrow, 1917, dorsal habitus; K. Anomala signaticollis Nonfried, 1893, dorsal habitus; L. Anomala signaticollis Nonfried, 1893, dorsal habitus; M. Anomala rufiventris Redtenbacher, 1848, dorsal habitus; N. Anomala rufiventris Redtenbacher, 1848, dorsal habitus. -111-
Figure 3. Genital capsule of A. Anomala nigrovaria Arrow, 1917, C. Anomala varicolor (Gyllenhal, 1817), E. Anomala blanchardi Arrow, 1917, G. Anomala bengalensis (Blanchard, 1851), I. Anomala signaticollis Nonfried, 1893, K. Anomala rufiventris Redtenbacher,1848. Parameres of B. Anomala nigrovaria Arrow, 1917, D. Anomala varicolor (Gyllenhal, 1817), F. Anomala blanchardi Arrow, 1917, H. Anomala bengalensis (Blanchard, 1851), J. Anomala signaticollis Nonfried, 1893, L. Anomala rufiventris Redtenbacher, 1848. -112-
Figure 4. Anomala nigrovaria Arrow, 1917, Male: A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head & Clypeus, dorsal view; C. Antenna, lateral view; D. Pygidium, dorsal view; E. Mesosternum, ventral view; F. Fore tibia, tarsi & claws; G. Mid tibia, tarsi & claws; H. Hind tibia, tarsi & claws; I. Genital cpsule; J. Parameres. -113-
Figure 5. Anomala fallaciosa Arrow, 1917, Female: A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head & Clypeus, dorsal view; C. Antenna, lateral view; D. Pygidium, dorsal view; E. Mesosternum, ventral view; F. Fore tibia, tarsi & claws; G. Mid tibia, tarsi & claws; H. Hind tibia, tarsi & claws. -114-
Figure 6. Anomala discalis Walker, 1859, Female: A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head & Clypeus, dorsal view; C. Antenna, lateral view; D. Pygidium, dorsal view; E. Mesosternum, ventral view; F. Fore tibia, tarsi & claws; G. Mid tibia, tarsi & claws; H. Hind tibia, tarsi & claws. -115-
Figure 7. Anomala varicolor (Gyllenhal, 1817), Male: A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head & Clypeus, dorsal view; C. Antenna, lateral view; D. Pygidium, dorsal view; E. Mesosternum, ventral view; F. Fore tibia, tarsi & claws; G. Mid tibia, tarsi & claws; H. Hind tibia, tarsi & claws; I. Genital cpsule; J. Parameres. -116-
Figure 8. Anomala blanchardi Arrow, 1917, Male: A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head & Clypeus, dorsal view; C. Antenna, lateral view; D. Pygidium, dorsal view; E. Mesosternum, ventral view; F. Fore tibia, tarsi & claws; G. Mid tibia, tarsi & claws; H. Hind tibia, tarsi & claws; I. Genital cpsule; J. Parameres. -117-
Figure 9. Anomala variivestis Arrow, 1917, Female: A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head & Clypeus, dorsal view; C. Antenna, lateral view; D. Pygidium, dorsal view; E. Mesosternum, ventral view; F. Fore tibia, tarsi & claws; G. Mid tibia, tarsi & claws; H. Hind tibia, tarsi & claws. -118-
Figure 10. Anomala bengalensis (Blanchard, 1851), Male: A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head & Clypeus, dorsal view; C. Antenna, lateral view; D. Pygidium, dorsal view; E. Mesosternum, ventral view; F. Fore tibia, tarsi & claws; G. Mid tibia, tarsi & claws; H. Hind tibia, tarsi & claws; I. Genital cpsule; J. Parameres. -119-
Figure 11. Anomala trochanterica Arrow, 1917, Female: A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head & Clypeus, dorsal view; C. Antenna, lateral view; D. Pygidium, dorsal view; E. Mesosternum, ventral view; F. Fore tibia, tarsi & claws; G. Mid tibia, tarsi & claws; H. Hind tibia, tarsi & claws. -120-
Figure 12. Anomala signaticollis Nonfried, 1893, Male: A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head & Clypeus, dorsal view; C. Antenna, lateral view; D. Pygidium, dorsal view; E. Mesosternum, ventral view; F. Fore tibia, tarsi & claws; G. Mid tibia, tarsi & claws; H. Hind tibia, tarsi & claws; I. Genital cpsule; J. Parameres. -121-
Figure 13. Anomala rufiventris Redtenbacher,1848, Male: A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head & Clypeus, dorsal view; C. Antenna, lateral view; D. Pygidium, dorsal view; E. Mesosternum, ventral view; F. Fore tibia, tarsi & claws; G. Mid tibia, tarsi & claws; H. Hind tibia, tarsi & claws; I. Genital cpsule; J. Parameres. -122-