65 CHAPTER - III ORGANIZATION OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT IN TAMILNADU The Animal Husbandry Department Minister is Head of the Department. He is also overall Policy Maker. The Secretary of Animal Husbandry Department work is implementation of Policy. The Head of the Department Director or Commissioner work is an execution of Policy. The Regional Joint Director, Deputy Directors are an execution of Policy under Directorate of Animal Husbandry Department. The Assistant Director, Veterinary Surgeons and Clinicians are also execution of department activities under Regional Joint Director. Veterinary Assistant Surgeons and Veterinary Livestock Inspectors are execution of department activities under Assistant Director. Civil Veterinary Department was inaugurated in 1892, as separate department manned by Military personnel. The head of the department was designated as Director of Animal Husbandry in 1948. Government Milk Factory of Revenue Board was taken over by Animal Husbandry Development 1955. In 1969-70, The Animal Husbandry Department was bifurcated into 2 Departments, one for Animal Husbandry under the Control of the Director of Animal Husbandry, Madras and the other for Veterinary Education and Dean, Madras Veterinary College, Madras. The Department was reorganized in 1970. Animal Husbandry Department was Bifurcation into Directorate of Animal Husbandry and Directorate of Veterinary Services in 1999. 103 3.1. AIMS OF TAMILNADU ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT: Tamilnadu Animal Husbandry Department aims are as follows, augmenting the production potentialities of Livestock and Poultry and thus increasing the production of Milk, Egg and Meat, Providing Necessary and Timely Veterinary Assistance and Health Cover to the Livestock and Poultry, Reducing losses to the Livestock Farmers through loss of Livestock by undertaking Disease Surveillance and 103 Director. Annual Administrative Report, Animal Husbandry Department and Veterinary Services, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 2004-05, P 7.
66 Disease Control Measures, Implementing various Central and State Government Schemes for the upliftment of Rural Poor, Providing Information and Training on basic and Latest Animal Husbandry Practices, Creation of Awareness among Public and Livestock and Poultry Owners in the best practices and thus augmenting their income. Our country stands first in the livestock population and also ranks first in milk production besides producing substantial amounts of Meat, Milk, Eggs and such other livestock products. The department is engaging now to enlighten the general public as well as livestock farmers of Tamilnadu with specific and relevant matters pertaining to the types of services rendered by out departmental units and Institutions in a nutshell so that public can approach us and can get the required details regarding maintenance of livestock health and development like The services rendered by the department, The schemes implemented for the weaker section of the people, Native breeds of Tamilnadu and their availability in the farms, Valuable details to start a farm, Details of insurance particulars, Nutritive value of Meat, Milk and Egg, Periodical vaccination schedule, Seasonal forewarning in cases of outbreaks, Ways to get compensation in cases of Natural Calamities, etc, Relevant information in the field of Veterinary Science as follows, At present organisation of Tamilnadu Animal Husbandry Department are 3.2. STRUCTURE OF ORGANISATION: The Animal Husbandry Department is under the overall control of the Director of Veterinary Services and Director of Animal Husbandry with allocation of different subjects. Processing Diagram 1 shows that the explain Tamilnadu Animal Husbandry Department Administrative setup in Director of Veterinary Services (DVS). The Department of Animal Husbandry functions on a regional basis and all the activities of the departmental units are co-ordinate by the Directorate Animal Husbandry, Chennai. The Animal Husbandry Department is placed in-charge of the
67 PROCESSING DIAGRAM - 1 TAMILNADU ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR OF VETERINARY SERVICES MINISTER SECRETARY COMMISIONER (DIRECTOR) OF VETERINARY SERVICES ADDL.DIRECTOR ADDL.DIRECTOR FINANCIAL ADVISOR VETERINARY LIVESTOCK AND CHIEF ACCOUNTS SERVICES DEVELOPMENT OFFICER DEPUTY DIRECTOR JOINT DIRECTOR ACCOUNTS OFFICER SAMPLE SURVEY EXTENSION ASSISTANT ACCOUNTS OFFICER ASSISTANT DIRECTORS VETERINARY INSTITUTIONS PUBLICITY & PROPAGANDA RINDERPEST OFFICER PLANNING SCHEMES DEPUTY REGISTRAR CO OPERATIVE CO-OP SUB REGISTRAR VETERINARY ASSISTANT SURGEONS JUNIOR RESEARCH STATISTICIAN PUBLICITY & PROPAGANDA ANIMAL DISEASE SURVEILANCE & INFORMATION SYSTEM FIELD OFFICER RINDERPEST OFFICE LIVESTOCK CENSUS DEPUTY DIRECTOR PERSONNEL ADMN.OFFICER OFFICE MANAGER
68 Director of Animal Husbandry in the IAS cadre, assisted by 2 Additional Directors of Animal Husbandry in all technical and administrative matters. The Animal Husbandry Department functions on Regional basis and all the activities of the Department are co-ordinate at the Directorate, which is headed by the Director at Chennai. 2 Additional Directors, 3 Joint Directors and 2 Deputy Directors in the Directorate on technical matters and for monitoring and co-ordination of various schemes assist the Director. One Chief Personnel Officer and One Financial Advisor and Chief Accounts Officer are assisting the Director in Administration and Financial matters respectively. The State is divided into Regions and each Region is under the charge of One Regional Joint Director of Animal Husbandry. A Specialist assists each one. Below the Regional level, there are divided into Animal Husbandry Divisions, each headed by an Assistant Director of Animal Husbandry, who looks after all the Animal Husbandry activities of the Department at the Divisional level. Animal Husbandry Divisions is divided into Veterinary Dispensaries, Veterinary Sub Centres and Veterinary Mobile Units. Veterinary Dispensaries and Veterinary Mobile Units are headed by Veterinary Assistant Surgeons. Veterinary Sub Centres are headed by Livestock Inspectors. Besides these, The Institute of Veterinary Preventive Medicine locate at Ranipet is headed by a Director in the cadre of Additional Director of Animal Husbandry. There are 7 District Livestock Farms and 3 Sheep Farms, among them Exotic Cattle Breeding Farm, Eachenkottai are headed by Deputy Director of Animal Husbandry. Processing Diagram number 2 shows that the explain Tamilnadu Animal Husbandry Department Administrative setup in Director of Animal Husbandry (DAH). There is one Poultry Farm, at Kattupakkam under the control of One Assistant Director of Animal Husbandry. The Department also manages 20 Cattle breeding and Fodder Development Units and 2 Poultry Disease Diagnostic Laboratories. There is one Fodder
69 PROCESSING DIAGRAM - 2 TAMILNADU ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY MINISTER SECRETARY DIRECTOR OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR (FARMS) DEPUTY DIRECTORS (FARMS) DEPUTY DIRECTORS (CBFD) ASSISTANT DIRECTORS (AH) ASSISTANT DIRECTORS (AH) VETERINARY ASSISTANT SURGEONS VETERINARY ASSISTANT SURGEONS AGRI OFFICER
70 Seed Production Unit at Padappai, Kancheepuram. Processing Diagram number 3 shows that the explain Tamilnadu Animal Husbandry Department at field level. The state is divided into 24 regions and 65 administrative divisions; they are responsible for all the activities of the Department in their area of jurisdiction. One Central Referral Laboratory for Disease Diagnosis, confirmation and monitoring is functioning at Chennai. The Central Referral Laboratory also co-ordinates the work of the Animal Disease Intelligence Units headed by Assistant Directors functioning in various parts of the state, engaged in Disease Surveillance and Monitoring. The treatment for Medical, Surgical, Gynaecological and Infertility cases and the Disease Control measures like Vaccination and Deworming are carried out through the vast Network of Veterinary Institutions that include 6 Polyclinics, 22 Clinician Centres, 139 Veterinary Hospitals and 1156 Veterinary Dispensaries, functioning all over state. Moreover to provide Veterinary Services to Remote Places, 55 Mobile Veterinary Units are functioning. 1799 Veterinary Sub Centres are functioning all over the state to provide First Aid Treatment to the Ailing Animals. 104 3.3. SPECIAL FEATURES OF TAMILNADU ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT: Tamilnadu Animal Husbandry Department Special features are as follows, Helping of farmers in protecting and maintaining their cattle in a good manner, since the economy of India is entirely depends upon the development of farmers, who are the backbones of India, a country of village, To improve the quality of local cows and buffaloes on par with that of the hybrid varieties such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Murrah by adopting artificial insemination methods and thereby to increase the abundant milk production to promote the economy of the country, To inject timely vaccine to the cattle to prevent from acute contagious diseases and thereby to prevent the loss of income, To adopt Deworming to extend the lives of sheep & goat and claves, To inject RDVK once in a week to the poultry for protection from diseases, To adopt castration for unnecessary breeding, Conducting special treatment method adoption through the special 104 Director. Citizen, Animal Husbandry Department and Veterinary Services, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 2006-07, P 2.
71 PROCESSING DIAGRAM - 3 TAMILNADU ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT AT FIELD LEVEL COMMISIONER (DIRECTOR) OF VETERINARY SERVICES Director (IVPM) Regional Joint Directors Director (CRL) Senior Research Officer Research Officer Research Officer Assistant Research Associate Assistant Research Associate Research Assistant AD AD AD AD CLINICIAN DD VET SURGN (AH) (PL-KTPM) (PDDL) (ADIU) (DFZ) VAS & LI VAS & LI VAS VAS VAS & LI VAS VAS & LI
72 cattle protection scheme once a year, to avoid loss of income and to create selfemployment opportunity, To install veterinary centres in each Panchayat Union, Taluk, Corporation and in the District to conduct all the above programmes successfully, To introduce mobile veterinary units in the places where no veterinary centres do not exist, To supply cattle grass, cattle seeds to the farmers to nourish the cattle. 3.4. FUNCTIONS OF TAMILNADU ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT: Animal Husbandry Department has two wings namely Directorate of Veterinary Services to deal with treatment aspect along with implementation of Animal Husbandry schemes and Directorate of Animal Husbandry to deal with farming activities and to implement the externally aided schemes and Artificial Insemination schemes. There are Development of Livestock and Poultry, Veterinary Services, Diseases Surveillance, Diagnosis, Prevention and Control, Livestock Farms, Co-operative societies and Extension activities. The Director of Animal Husbandry will inspect the offices of the Project Officers, and the Institute of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ranipet, once in a year and the summaries of inspection reports will be submitted to the Government for review as and when the offices are inspected. The Regional Joint Directors, for example, offices of the Assistant Directors, working in the field, Clinicians, Superintendents of Farms, Poultry Development Officers, Sheep and Goat Development Officer, Special Officer for Artificial Insemination and Fodder Development Officer will be inspected by the respective Deputy Directors of Animal Husbandry once in a year and the inspection should be completed before the end of each calendar year. The other institutions, namely the Veterinary Institutions, for example, Poultry Extension Centres, Artificial Insemination Centres, Sheep and Wool Extension Centres, etc., will be inspected by the Gazetted Officers under whose immediate control they are functioning.
73 The inspection would be done once a year in detail, besides office inspections to be done as frequently as possible. All Controlling Officers should submit a consolidated report to the Director of Animal Husbandry by 10 th of January, but serious irregularities and defects, if any, during inspection should, in addition, be brought to the notice of the head of the department then and there for information and further orders for rectification. An annual report should be submitted by the Director of Animal Husbandry to the Government by the 1 st March of each year regarding the inspection of all the offices giving particulars of the total number of offices under each category, the number inspected by each controlling officer, the number not inspected and the circumstances in which the offices could not be inspected with in the year and the comments of the head of the department thereon. 105 In the inspection report of Veterinary Institutions the Regional Joint Directors should furnish particulars of daily average attendance, number of admissions and number of castrations done together with similar figures for the corresponding period of the previous year with reasons for fall, if any. The Regional Joint Directors should refer only to the existing buildings and furniture, condition of medicines and instruments whether the medicines have been judiciously used and whether the supply is sufficient for the intended period, etc. No request should be made in the inspection report regarding the construction of additional buildings, supply of furniture, medicines, etc., as no action will be taken by the Head Office on the remarks made in the inspection reports. The proper course is to make a separate reference to the Head office for sanction required even though a supply of medicines, etc., has been recommended in the inspection report. A report of the inspection should be submitted to the head office in 105 G.O.Ms.No.3039, Food and Agriculture, dated 6 th September 1965.
74 Form No. 10 or 14 Veterinary, as the case may be, after each inspection and this fact mentioned in the monthly diaries. 106 In respect of touring billets and Minor Veterinary Dispensaries the Livestock work done and the number of breeding bulls in the division together with comparative figures for the previous year should be furnished in the inspection report. A Regional Joint Directors should occasionally pay surprise visits in addition to routine inspections on the members of his staff. A Regional Joint Directors should keep in close touch with his headquarters hospital taking an active part in the work and helping the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in charge in difficult cases and should also attend to cases while on tour. 107 The Regional Joint Directors should act as Veterinary Practitioners under the Glanders and Farcy Act for the area under their charge. The Disease Investigation Unit consists of the Veterinary Disease Investigation Officer (Cattle), the Veterinary Disease Investigation Officer (Poultry) and the Assistant Disease Investigation Officer (Sheep and Goats). The Livestock Section consists of the Poultry Development Officer, the Sheep and Goat Development Officer, the Special Officer for Artificial Insemination of Cattle, and the Superintendents incharge of the Livestock Farms. Veterinary Institutions shall be opened only in places, where they are needed most, depending on the cattle population of the area and the proximity of an already existing veterinary institution. If a place is selected for the opening of a new veterinary institution and approved by the Director, the local body of the area or large landholders should bear at 106 G.O.Ms.No.1738, Agriculture, dated 19 th May 1966. 107 G.O.No.1062, Development, 14 th July 1927, G.O.No.1742, Development, 31 st March 1949; D.Dis.No.8495-III/47..
75 least 50% of the initial and annual running cost of the institution, but in cases where local bodies or large landholders are not able to contribute 50% of the expenditure, a smaller contribution will be accepted by Government and in exceptional cases the entire contribution will be waived for special reasons. Each case will be considered on its merits and if the Government is not in a position to finance new veterinary institutions without contribution from local bodies and if the local bodies concerned are not in a position to pay any contribution, the scheme will be deferred. 108 The staff of a new veterinary institution consists of a Veterinary Assistant Surgeon and two attendants. The number of attendants will be increased or decreased once a year depending on the daily average attendance at the institution. The question of appointing a compounder to a veterinary institution is not considered until the institution has a steady average attendance of 30 or more patients of all classes a day. In certain cases however, where the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in charge has touring work in the taluk, a compounder will be sanctioned. The Veterinary Assistant Surgeon is responsible for the efficient functioning of the centre within the jurisdiction allotted to the centre and he will attend to the following duties of Examination of cows and she-buffaloes brought to the centre with histories of irregular breeding and rendering suitable advice for their treatment, Effective following up of inseminated animals within the jurisdiction of the centre with a view to ascertaining and recording the results of inseminations, Verification of calves born to inseminated animals, Follow up of cows for timely insemination after calving, Effective supervision of the work of the staff of the centre including sub-centres, Proper maintenance of records at the centres as per instructions issued from time to time, Prompt submission of the periodical reports and returns according to instructions issued from time to time, Castration of scrub bulls in the area, Control of contagious diseases by promptly attending to all outbreaks occurring within his jurisdiction, Treatment of 108 G.O.No.1139, Development, 25 th March 1947; R.Dis.No.1731-II/47.
76 ordinary ailments of animals at his headquarters and on tour, Inspection of breeding bulls and their progeny, rams and their progeny and any other animals maintained in the breeding policy, When attending to an outbreak report, the Touring Veterinary Assistant Surgeon should endeavor to treat cases both in the village affected and in those immediately surrounding which he will visit in order to see if the contagious disease, to which he has been called is spreading. Examine and initial the cattle mortality register maintained by the villageheadman. If it is wrongly maintained, the headman should be given help and instructions in the matter. If a contagious disease is found to be prevailing and unreported the Tahsildar should be informed of this and, if the case is a bad one, a special report should be made to the Regional Joint Directors so that the Tahsildar or the Collector of the district may be addressed by the District Veterinary Officer if he considers it necessary, Inspect the cattle pound and treat the animals impounded in it, if they need it, Finding out the diseases hidden, which prevail in a taluk and mapping out the areas where found, such as protozoan, helminthes, obscure, etc, Similar work in connection with pathological lesions caused by nutritional disorders, Investigating why animals in particular areas are stunted in growth. Is it due to actual starvation or a deficiency in the food (mineral, vitamin or trace elements), protozoan or helminthes, one or other of these causes or all combined, Livestock improvement work, The Veterinary Assistant Surgeons should report to the concerned Veterinary Disease Investigation Officer by telegram if necessary, any obscure or hidden diseases of horses, cattle, sheep, poultry, etc., suspected by them and assist the Veterinary Disease Investigation Officers in carrying out field investigations, Specimens of Endoparasites met with in animals at the slaughterhouses,all animals slaughtered for human consumption should be slaughtered in public slaughter houses as far as possible and the animals subjected to ante and post-mortem examination by a qualified Veterinary Assistant Surgeon with out employing a Sanitary Inspector for the purpose if the Municipal Council and Local Boards can secure the services of a Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in or near their jurisdiction and also pay for their services, Powers of Veterinary Assistant Surgeons to seize and destroy unwholesome meat, Veterinary Assistant Surgeons in charge of Veterinary Institutions who have touring work to do should, unless otherwise directed confine their tours only for purposes of attending outbreaks of cattle diseases and the examination of Government
77 animals and Government subsidized animals, Give advice on the proper methods of breeding and management of sheep and goats. All Veterinary Assistant Surgeons should endeavor to expand Livestock Improvement work in villages on the following lines, Attempt to form small co-operative societies for the Welfare and Improvement of Livestock, Create a competitive interest among the ryots and breeders of the tract in the proper breeding, rearing and feeding of their cattle, sheep, poultry, etc. The following are some of the important duties, which have to be attended to by Veterinary Assistant Surgeons in-charge of Centres, Improving the feed and fodder resources of the area with a view to self-sufficiency, Co-operative distribution of feed and fodder, marketing of livestock and livestock produce, Development of other species of livestock in the area, Prevention of death by contagious diseases by suitable preventive measures, Treatment of non-contagious diseases of livestock in the area, Recording production of livestock at periodical intervals with a view to assess improvement, Holding of cattle shows, calf rallies, exhibitions and meetings of cattle owners with a view to create enthusiasm in the public for livestock industry. The duties of a compounder in a Veterinary Institution are dispense medicines, to keep the instruments, appliances, etc., clean, to dress minor cases, to help the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in operations and other difficult cases, to assist the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in the clerical work by making fair copies, etc, the Stockmen-compounders must work directly under the supervision of the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons, Veterinary Assistant Surgeons certify them fit to tour independently and thereupon may be entrusted, to castrate all the other scrub bulls in the village, During outbreaks of contagious diseases requiring preventive inoculation, the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons after diagnosing the nature of the disease and arranging for inoculations may depute the Stockmen-compounders to carry out the inoculations independently, The Stockmen-compounders while going on independent tour should be supplied with a certain amount of common drugs and asked to treat ordinary ailments of animals.
78 The Veterinary and Livestock Inspectors should be given the following items of work under the guidance of the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons under whom they are working, first aid, Castration, Artificial Insemination, deworming, immediate attendance at outbreak of diseases until a Veterinary Assistant Surgeon takes charge. Wherever preventive inoculations are indicated the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons may depute the Veterinary and Livestock Inspectors to carry out inoculations independently, to carry out proper disposal of infective carcasses and materials and disinfection of infected areas, to assist the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in enforcing the Animal Diseases and Livestock Improvement Acts and Propaganda based on departmental leaflets, etc. Livestock Inspectors assist the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in-charge, assist the Managers in various sections of the farm, and assist the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons in-charge of Veterinary Hospitals. Assist the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon incharge of Veterinary Hospital in attending to the treatment of animals, inoculations, etc., carryout the instructions of Veterinary Assistant Surgeon. Assist the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in-charge of wool analysis laboratories in the examination of wool samples. Assist the concerned staff in grazing, deticking, Deworming, spraying, shearing, etc., of the sheep maintained in the various farms. Assist the staff in-charge of the poultry section in attending to the feeding and management of the poultry in the farm. They help the concerned Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in-charge of the section in attending to the current duties. 3.4.1. Working Hours: Veterinary Hospitals, Dispensaries and Sub centers shall be kept open for the treatment of outpatients from 8 a.m. to 12 p.m. and 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. on weekdays and from 8 a.m. to 12 p.m. on Sundays and authorized Government holidays. Urgent cases shall be attended to at all times. Veterinary Polyclinics shall be kept open for the treatment of in-patient and outpatient 24 hours. 109 109 The Director. Manual of Animal Husbandry Department-Madras State 3 rd Edition, Government of State, Stationery and Printing, Madras, 1967, P 48.
79 3.5. FOREST AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT: An Inspector of Livestock and Two Assistant Veterinary Surgeons are seconded for service in the Forest Department for the care and treatment of Elephants and other Government Livestock. The Director of Animal Husbandry inspects their professional work periodically. 110 The Inspector of Livestock is required to inspect the work and the Dispensary of the Assistant Veterinary Surgeons once in six months and submit the inspection reports through the District Forest Officer and the Conservator concerned to the Director of Animal Husbandry, Chennai. 3.6. AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT: One Gazetted Officer and Two Veterinary Assistant Surgeons are seconded for service in the Agricultural Department for employment as Lecturer and Assistant Lecturers in Animal Husbandry respectively in the Agricultural College at Coimbatore. One of the Assistant Lecturers is in charge of the Veterinary Dispensary attached to the Agricultural College. 111 The Department was functioning under the overall control of the Director of Animal Husbandry till recently. As the activities of the Animal Husbandry Department have greatly expanded, the Department was bifurcated into two wings. 112 The two Directors are functioning with allocation of different subjects. 113 110 Ibid, P 75. 111 Ibid, P 76. 112 G.O.Ms.No.254, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Department, dated 17.11.1998 as Directorate of Animal Husbandry and Directorate of Veterinary Services. 113 AH Minister. Policy Note Government of Tamilnadu, 1999-2000, P 3.
80 3.7. IMPLEMENTATION OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES IN TAMILNADU: The Animal Husbandry Department of Tamilnadu plays a major role in providing Veterinary Health Care, Developing Genetic Resources, Production potentials, and Nutrient requirements of Livestock and Poultry. It also engaged in solving problems impeding due to disease and environmental stresses. Improved strategies have been introduced in the Livestock Development and Management, which have resulted in increase of Dairy, Poultry, Meat Production, Wool and other Animal Fiber Production both in Rural and Urban areas. Veterinary Assistance and Health Coverage to Livestock and Poultry, Scientific Breeding for improved production, Implementation of benefit oriented Schemes and Plans for Poor Farmers and extension activities for educating farmers are the main objectives of the Animal Husbandry Department. Livestock and Poultry production was considered uneconomical owing to low Milk, Meat and egg production, and fear of contagious diseases. Veterinary Public Health is concerned with the prevention of Zoonotic diseases like Tuberculosis, Rabies, Anthrax, Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, Hydatidosis, etc., which are communicable from animals to man. This Department prevents meat borne diseases like Hydatidosis, Cysticercosis, Trichoris, etc., by prompt ante-mortem inspection of live animals and postmortem inspection of carcasses in the registered 183 Slaughter Houses. 114 Tamilnadu population comprises of varied groups of people in different stages of development, both socially and economically. Among them, the most deprived and disadvantaged groups are the landless Agricultural labourers, small and marginal farmers and farmwomen who require special focus. Under these conditions, livestock by ensuring gainful employment to the farm families provides a regular flow of income throughout the year and as a result, livestock enterprise have become important for 114 Director. Citizen, Animal Husbandry Department and Veterinary Services, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 2001-02, P 10.
81 getting more stable and continuous farm income and higher employment opportunities on small farms. Livestock and Poultry Development and Contagious Outbreak Diseases Vaccinations have been carried out it has been planned to carry out vaccinations through veterinary institutions and under other programme. Healthy Animal Husbandry Leads to Healthy Nation. Several livestock diseases contribute to decreased production and death, which has a direct impact on food security and rural economy. Various infectious and contagious diseases in livestock cause huge economic loss to the country. Livestock Wealth is still considered as an index of wealth among rural community. Tamilnadu Animal Husbandry Department Welfare Activities have been carried out it has been planned to carry out through Department Institutions and Under Other Schemes are detailed in the following chapters of this report with necessary statistical data.