Oxford Cambridge and RSA Thursday 23 June 2016 Morning LEVEL 2 AWARD THINKING AND REASONING SKILLS B901/01 Unit 1 Thinking and Reasoning Skills *6397292839* Candidates answer on the Question Paper. OCR supplied materials: None Other materials required: None Duration: 1 hour * B 9 0 1 0 1 * INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters. Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. Answer all the questions. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown. Do not write in the bar codes. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 60. This document consists of 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. [Y/502/0967] DC (NH/CGW) 128074/2 OCR is an exempt Charity Turn over
2 SECTION A You are advised to spend no more than 30 minutes on this section. It is worth 30 marks. Answer all the questions in this section. 1 Consider the argument in the box below: Petrol stations should not advertise their prices in decimal points, such as 146.9 pence per litre. The halfpenny coin was withdrawn from circulation in 1984. When you pay for your petrol, the total cost is always rounded down to the nearest penny anyway. (a) Underline the conclusion. [1] (b) Place brackets around one reason. [1] (c) When asked to provide an argument map for the above argument, three students provided the following maps: Map A Map B Map C R1 R2 R1 + R2 R1 C C IC C (i) (ii) Circle the correct map. Explain why this is the right answer. [1]...... [1]
(d) It is better to be able to buy things for 1 rather than 99p. 3 (i) Give a reason of your own to support this claim....... [1] (ii) Give a reason of your own to challenge this claim....... [1] (e) Complete the following sentence, showing a reasonable, possible consequence of changing the coins we use in the UK. If a 25p coin was introduced, like the American quarter coin, then... [1] Turn over
2 There are five towns in the county of Homeshire. Castleham is north of Palacebridge, which is north of Towerton. Mansionville is south of Palacebridge and north of Spirefield. 4 N For each of the following conclusions, identify whether or not it can be reliably drawn from the information above. Answer by writing yes or no in the boxes below. S A B C D Can this conclusion be reliably drawn? Of the five towns in Homeshire, Castleham is the furthest north. Of the five towns in Homeshire, Towerton is the furthest south. Of the five towns in Homeshire, Spirefield is the furthest south. There are two towns north of Mansionville and two towns south of it. Yes / No [4]
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3 Questions (a) to (e) are all based on the following passage. 6 Between the 13th and the 18th centuries, 70% of English men were called John, Richard, Robert, Thomas or William. A survey in 2012 found that these five names featured in the list of the top 15 names of the most successful businessmen. Other research has shown that between 2008 and 2013, students with the name John or Richard were 100 times more likely to attend Oxford University than students with less traditional names. (a) Read the passage above. Which one of the following best describes the passage? Tick the correct response. argument explanation list of information rant (b) When asked to provide a pie chart representing the data from the above passage, three students provided the following: Pie chart A Names of English men between the 13th and the 18th centuries [1] Other John, Richard, Robert, Thomas, William Pie chart B Names of English men between the 13th and the 18th centuries John Richard Robert Thomas William Pie chart C Names of English men between the 13th and the 18th centuries Other John Richard Robert Thomas William
(i) 7 Circle the letter of the pie chart which most accurately represents the data. A / B / C [1] (ii) Explain why this is the right answer.......... [1] (c) A journalist, John Richards, made the following recommendation: A parent who wants the best in life for their son should call them John or Richard. Explain why this cannot be reliably concluded from the information in the passage.... [2] (d) The journalist, John Richards, used the following two examples to clarify what he meant by the best in life : success in business more likely to attend Oxford University. Which of the following additional examples best clarifies what John Richards meant by the best in life? Tick the correct box. Getting good A-Level results Having lots of friends Having three healthy children Winning sports competitions (e) The credibility of John Richards is weak because he just wants to show that his name is the best. Circle the criterion that has been used to make this judgement. [1] ability to see bias expertise [1] Turn over
8 4 Maria, a football enthusiast, collected data on five football teams in the country of Vensica. Her findings are listed below. Fewer people attend a Deus home match, on average, than a home match involving Superbia. On average, 60 000 people attend a Concordia home match. The club with the lowest average attendance at home matches is based in Capitalis. The two best attended clubs have red main kits. Club Location Main kit colour Average attendance at home matches 42 000 45 000 47 000 60 000 76 000 Concordia Capitalis red Deus North Vensica red Fortitudo North Vensica red Nisi Capitalis blue Superbia North Vensica blue (a) Use the information provided to complete the sentences below. You can use the matrix to help you. (i) The average attendance at a Deus match was... [1] (ii) The average attendance at a Fortitudo match was... [1] (iii) The average attendance at a Nisi match was... [1] (iv) The average attendance at a Superbia match was... [1] Maria noticed that some football clubs launch three new kits every year, each costing around 45. Maria made the following claim: It is unfair to supporters to change their kits so often. The manager of Fortitudo says it helps with his club s image, but he is corrupt and greedy so we should ignore his views. (b) Identify and explain the flaw in Maria s claim.... [2]
9 (c) Maria claims that it is unfair to supporters to change kits so often. Below there are four different meanings of the word unfair. Which statement best fits the way Maria uses the word unfair in her claim? Tick the correct answer. Cheating or breaking the rules Discriminating against one group of people and favouring others Doing something wrong or inappropriate in the circumstances Not being kind or considerate to people (d) Maria wants to design a questionnaire for fans to test the claim It is unfair to supporters to change the teams kits so often. Write three relevant questions she could include in the questionnaire. Question 1... Question 2... Question 3... [3] (e) Other than public opinion, identify two criteria that would be helpful to football clubs when considering how often to release new kits. Criterion 1... Criterion 2... [2] [1] Turn over
10 SECTION B You are advised to spend no more than 30 minutes on this section. It is worth 30 marks. Answer all the questions in this section. Read the following documents carefully before attempting to answer the questions. A National Health Service for Animals? Document A: Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) website We have 267 full-time inspectors and 55 full-time animal welfare officers working to prevent cruelty and promote kindness to animals. Our inspectors investigate more than 150 000 complaints of cruelty and neglect every year. The Animal Welfare Act (2007) makes it the law that owners and keepers of animals have to care for them properly. More than 900 million farm animals are reared every year in the UK. The UK pet population in 2013 was estimated at 8.5 million cats and 8.5 million dogs. It is unclear how many animals in the UK are working animals, such as army horses and police sniffer dogs. Document B: Animal rescue charity worker Veterinary pet care should be free for the people who use it, as human care is. We would like to see a free National Health Service (NHS) for animals. The government should pay for this, so no pet will suffer because their owner is not rich enough to afford treatment. Being able to look after and love a pet are the most important things needed to be a responsible pet owner. It should not matter whether they are rich enough to afford treatment when their pets happen to become ill. Document C: Guide dog owner Only guide dogs for the blind and hearing dogs for the deaf should be able to have free healthcare, because people depend on them to live their lives fully. Nobody else needs to have a pet, they choose to have them. If you choose to have a pet, you should be prepared to pay for them. It is just like having a car and taking it to the garage for repairs. If you choose to have it, you have to pay to fix it. Document D: Extract from Pet Euthanasia Factsheet from Helpful Vets for Lovely Pets Euthanasia (often called putting down or putting to sleep ) is the term used by vets for the process of preventing the suffering of an animal that is too old or sick to have a happy and fulfilled life. It is the act of humanely putting an animal to death or allowing it to die. People choose for their pets to be put down if their pet is suffering and cannot be treated, or if they can no longer emotionally or financially manage to care for their sick pet any more.
11 Document E: Pet insurance company When pet owners do not have enough money for healthcare, like flea treatment or medication for diabetes, vets are not left with many options. This often leads to pets with treatable illnesses being put to sleep. This can only be prevented if owners take out a good pet insurance policy, which will pay for veterinary care if the animal gets sick. It is not necessary to have an NHS for pets, just for pet owners to be responsible. Document F: Veterinary surgery owner It would be easy for the government to find the money for an animal NHS. By taxing pet food, like dog meat and cat biscuits, people would be funding this service and also they would get a better understanding of the cost of owning animals. Turn over
12 5 In Document C, the owner of a guide dog states: Only guide dogs for the blind and hearing dogs for the deaf should be able to have free healthcare, because people depend on them to live their lives fully. Identify one assumption in the argument above... [1] 6 In Document C, the owner of a guide dog presents an analogy as part of his argument. (a) Which of the following most accurately describes the analogy? Tick the correct response. (i) Being a car owner and being a pet owner are being compared. (ii) Choosing to have a pet and being prepared to pay for its healthcare is being compared to having a car and being prepared to pay to fix it. (iii) (iv) Having a car needing repairs is being compared to having a pet that needs to be fixed. The duty to keep a car repaired, if necessary, is compared with the duty to take a pet to the vets. [1] (b) Identify and explain one relevant difference between the things being compared in this analogy.... [2] (c) Identify and explain one relevant similarity between the things being compared in this analogy.... [2]
13 7 A student studying Documents B, E and F made some notes on the vested interest of the people involved. These are the student s notes: Credibility criterion X Y Z Vested interest to encourage people to buy insurance Vested interest to recommend that the government pays for pet care for certain animals Vested interest to show how the government could pay for pet care Complete the table by matching the Documents to the appropriate credibility criteria (X, Y and Z). Explain why these are the correct answers. Circle the correct letter and write your explanation in the appropriate box for each document. Document Credibility criterion Explanation Document C: Guide dog owner X Y Z Document E: Pet insurance company X Y Z Document F: Veterinary surgery owner X Y Z [6] 8 Document E states: This often leads to pets with treatable illnesses being put to sleep. This can only be prevented if owners take out a good pet insurance policy. Identify and explain the flaw in the reasoning in this passage. Flaw... Explanation..... [2] Turn over
9 There is a proposal to ban the euthanasia of pets with treatable illnesses. Write a letter to your local MP to argue either for or against this proposal. Your argument should include: a precise conclusion which is clearly supported by reasons with relevant evidence and/or examples. In developing your argument you may use ideas and materials from the documents. 14 [10]
15 10 There are many working animals in the UK, such as guide dogs, police sniffer dogs and army horses. Write an argument to support or challenge the claim that: Working animals should have free healthcare. This should include: a precise conclusion which is clearly supported by two developed reasons... [6] END OF QUESTION PAPER
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