Collaboration between Veterinary Services and Private Sectors The Development of Vaccines for Asian Aquaculture at Intervet Norbio Singapore SF Chang, R&D Site Manager Author/location
Outline Background Aquatic animal production and disease control in Asia- Pacific Development of vaccines for Asian aquaculture Conclusions 2
Approach to disease control Host Immune status Nutrition Age/weight Production status Stress Disease Environment Pathogen Stocking density Temperature Housing Climatic changes Virulence Infective dose Pathogenesis Transmission 3
Approach to food safety Consumers Veterinary services Food Safety Private sector 4
Approach to food safety Consumers Attitudes Preference Expectations Concerns Awareness Veterinary services Regulatory framework Standards and legislation Risk management Risk communication Food Safety Private sector Health management Production system Quality assurance 5
Approach to food safety Shared responsibility In the interest of veterinary services and the private sector to address consumer needs Food safety should be an integral part of the farm production system Farm-to-fork concept important to ensure food safety Based on international principles Codex Alimentarius (FAO/WHO) World organization for animal health (OIE) Avoid contradictory standards 6
Aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific Source: FAO 2006 7
Source: FAO 2006 8
Aquatic animal production Challenges to food safety Similar risks as other animal production systems: Drug residues, antimicrobial resistance Environmental contaminants Feed contaminants Zoonotic disease Harvest, slaughter and post-harvest processing Storage and distribution Cooking and handling Pharmaceutical industry perspective Responsible and prudent use of antimicrobials agents Antimicrobial resistance relating to the use of antimicrobial products 9
Disease control in Asian aquaculture Diseases are a bottleneck for expansion of the aquaculture industry in Asia Poor survival for many Asian aquaculture species Lack of SPF broodstock and hatcheries Lack of knowledge on pathogens and epidemiology Antimicrobial use is common Sustainable? Food safety risks! Vaccination has been shown to be effective at controlling diseases E.g. for other animal industries and developed aquaculture centers Disease prevention through vaccination is the desired approach 10
Production (metric tons) 600 000 Production versus Antibacterial Agents 1980-2002 Antibacterial agents (metric tons) 60 500 000 50 400 000 40 300 000 30 200 000 20 100 000 10 0 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Salmon Trout Antibacterial agents Source: Norwegian Food Safety Authority 11
No. kgs of antibiotics (in thousand) Metric tons of salmonids produced Development of fish vaccines and the use of antibiotics in Norway 60 50 Use of antibiotics in fish Fish production 600 500 40 400 30 300 20 200 10 100 0 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 0 Vaccines: 1.vaccine Vibriosis Coldwater 2.vaccine vibriosis cold vibriosis water vibriosis Source: Norwegian Food Safety Authority Furunculosis 3.vaccine Combination furunculosis 12
Available vaccines for salmonid aquaculture Bacterial diseases Vibriosis (Listonella anguillarum & Vibrio spp) Cold water vibriosis (Vibrio salmonicida) Furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida) Columnaris (Flavobacterium columnare) Winter ulcers (Moritella viscosa) Enteric red mouth (Yersinai ruckeri) Viral diseases Infectious Pancreas Necrosis Pancreas Disease Infectious salmon anaemia Infectious haematopoietic necrosis Source: Sommerset, Krossoy and Frost 2005 13
Aquaculture diseases in SE Asia Streptococcus iniae Streptococcus agalactiae Biotype 2 Iridovirus Streptococcus agalactiae Biotype 1 Tenacibaculum maritimum Big belly disease Francisella Viral nervous necrosis Columnaris Parasitic diseases Other diseases? - vaccine available - vaccine available - vaccine available - no vaccine - no vaccine - no vaccine - no vaccine - no vaccine - no vaccine - no vaccine - no vaccine Widespread use of antimicrobials for disease control Relative lower use of vaccines compared to other animal production systems E.g. poultry, swine, salmonid 14
Development of vaccines at Intervet Norbio Singapore Intervet Norbio Singapore (INS) was set up in 1999 Main focus is research and development of vaccines for the Asian aquaculture industry INS-developed vaccines Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus agalactiae Biotype 2 in SE Asia Pasteurella piscicida and Lactococcus garviae in Japan Interaction with Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore (AVA) AVA is the national authority for food safety and animal health Unified jurisdiction for animal health, animal production and food safety, also food supply role Biosafety, import/export, licensing, vaccine registration, field trials etc 15
Development of vaccines at Intervet Norbio Singapore Vaccine development process is a big investment in terms of time and resources Require dedicated facilities Long discovery, development and registration process Need to ensure efficacy and safety in the target animal and user Good understanding of the aquaculture industry Clear regulatory framework Important to have a suitable regulatory framework Provide assurance to consumers and industry stakeholders Transparency and consistency Set clear boundaries and standards Allow development of industry by avoiding unnecessary barriers and uncertainty 16
Collaboration with veterinary services for animal production food safety Aim: Availability of safe and efficacious vaccines as a tool for disease control, and an alternative to antimicrobials Uptake of vaccines by industry Vaccine use is not common in Asian aquaculture Unexplored regulatory territory Lack of industry awareness Uptake of vaccination by aquaculture industry could be impeded Develop standards based on risk management principles Development of science-based standards Consultative risk-based approach Work with industry to administer and implement framework 17
Collaboration with veterinary services for animal production food safety Aim: Ensure quality & safety of products and facilitate trade in aquaculture products Supporting the development of the aquaculture industry Development of aquaculture industry is dependent on supporting services Hatcheries, diagnostic, nutrition, disease control, medication, vaccines etc Sharing of knowledge and expertise Shared role for both veterinary services and supporting industries Disease surveillance and disease control Proper use of antimicrobials and vaccines Industry capacity building and training 18
Looking ahead Asian aquaculture industry is in development A risk-based regulatory approach is useful to meet rapidly emerging threats and risks A well developed regulatory framework will not impede, but will enhance industry development Many areas that both veterinary services and private sectors can work together to support the development of the aquatic animal food production Lessons from development of Salmonid industry, as well as poultry and swine industry, provide valuable guidance Holistic and balanced approach for animal health, animal production and food safety is important 19
Conclusion Food safety is a shared responsibility Veterinary services and private industry are accountable to ensure food safety for consumers Disease prevention rather than treatment is the desired way forward for the aquaculture industry Development of vaccines are essential for the development of the aquaculture industry in the Asia Pacific Applicable from food production as well as food safety perspective Achieving food safety through veterinary services and private sector partnership is a win-win relationship Collaborative relationship allows common goals for food safety to be attained through a sound regulatory framework Risk-based regulatory approach with good risk communication is essential Shared role in industry support 20
Thank you 21