Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Acute interdigital necrobacillosis, 88 92. See also acute interdigital necrobacillosis; foot rot; Infectious pododermatitis (IP) a-2adrenergic agonists in cattle, 130 131 Amoxicillin for mastitis in cattle, 22 27 Ampicillin for mastitis in cattle, 27 Analgesic(s) in cattle clinical pharmacology of, 113 138. See also specific drugs introduction, 113 115 local anesthesia, 116 120. See also Local anesthesia, in cattle, clinical pharmacology of neuropathic pain analgesics, 132 NSAIDs, 120 129. See also Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in cattle sedative-analgesic drugs, 129 132 Ancillary therapy in BRD management, 98 Anesthesia/anesthetics local in cattle clinical pharmacology of, 116 120. See also Local anesthesia, in cattle Anti-inflammatory drugs for polioencephalomalacia in cattle, 155 158 Antibiotics in BRD management, 98 105 in calf diarrhea management efficacy of, 52 53 rationale for, 51 52 types of, 53 56 in calf diarrhea prevention, 49 51 in mastitis management, 21 32. See also specific drugs in metritis management in dairy cattle, 140 145. See also Ceftiofur, in metritis management in dairy cattle Antimicrobial decision making for enteric diseases of cattle, 47 60. See also Enteric diseases, of cattle, antimicrobial decision making for Antimicrobial drugs. See Antibiotics Vet Clin Food Anim 31 (2015) 175 184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)00009-2 vetfood.theclinics.com 0749-0720/15/$ see front matter ª 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
176 Index Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in cattle, 163 174 BRD results of, 168 170 veterinary-specific breakpoints in, 166 168 breakpoint development process in, 164 166 discussion, 173 enteric diseases related, 56 58 IBK results, 170 171 introduction, 163 164 salmonellosis results, 172 173 terminology related to, 164 Applicability of clinical experience in evaluation of treatment options for bovine disease, 12 of external sources of information about treatment options for bovine diseases described, 8 factors affecting, 8 10 relevant comparison group, 10 relevant outcomes, 9 10 relevant population, 9 AST. See Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) B Beta-lactams for mastitis in cattle cephalosporins, 28 31 penicillins, 22 27 Bias indication confounding by bovine disease, 12 Biased outcome measurement bovine disease, 13 Bovine disease(s) respiratory, 97 111. See also Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) treatment options for published data and clinical experience in evaluation of, 1 15 applicability and validity of clinical experience, 11 12 comparative efficacy criteria, 2 5 magnitude of size effect, 2 3 P value, 3 5 precision of effect size, 3 external sources of information about treatment options, 5 8 applicability and validity of, 8 primary research approaches, 7 8 research summaries approaches, 5 7 introduction, 1 2
Index 177 treatment efficacy vs. clinical decision making, 2 valid estimate of effect size, 10 11 Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) AST results for, 166 170 described, 97, 97 111 ancillary therapy in, 98 antibiotics in, 98 105 introduction, 97 98 published randomized clinical trials with negative controls in article exclusions in, 101 data driving decisions in, 100 101 data extraction in, 101 discussion, 109 external validity of, 107 109 subject numbers in, 105 107 BRD. See Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) Butorphanol in cattle, 130 C Calf(ves) diarrhea in mortality related to, 47 prevention of antibiotics in, 47 49 antibiotics in efficacy of, 52 53 rationale for, 51 52 types of, 53 56 Carprofen in cattle, 126 127 Castration a-2adrenergic agonists in, 131 carprofen in, 127 flunixin meglumine in, 120, 124 ketoprofen in, 124 local anesthesia in, 117 118 meloxicam in, 128 nalbuphine in, 130 salicylic acid derivatives in, 125 Cattle analgesics in clinical pharmacology of, 113 138. See also Analgesic(s), in cattle, clinical pharmacology of AST in, 163 174. See also Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) mastitis in, 17 46. See also Mastitis, in cattle polioencephalomalacia in, 151 161. See also Polioencephalomalacia, in cattle
178 Index Ceftiofur in mastitis management in cattle, 29 31, 33, 38 in metritis management in dairy cattle, 139 149 discussion, 145 147 evidence for use of, 139 149 materials and methods, 141 results, 141 142 treatment efficacy, 142 145 parenteral in IBK management, 71 Cephalosporins for mastitis in cattle, 28 31 Cephapirin for mastitis in cattle, 28 29 Cephapirin benzathine for mastitis in cattle, 38 Cloxacillin for mastitis in cattle, 27 topical in IBK management, 70 Cloxacillin benzathine for mastitis in cattle, 38 39 Confounding by indication bias bovine disease, 12 D Dehorning a-2adrenergic agonists in, 131 in cattle, 127 firocoxib in, 129 flunixin meglumine in, 124 ketoprofen in, 124 local anesthesia in, 118 meloxicam in, 128 neuropathic pain analgesics in, 132 salicylic acid derivatives in, 125 Dermatitis papillomatous digital, 81 88. See also hairy heel wart; Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) Dexamethasone for polioencephalomalacia in cattle, 156 157 Diarrhea in calves mortality related to, 47 prevention of antibiotics in, 49 51 antibiotics in efficacy of, 52 53
Index 179 rationale for, 51 52 types of, 53 56 Dihydrostreptomycin procaine penicillin G and for mastitis in cattle, 39 Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for polioencephalomalacia in cattle, 157 158 Diuretics for polioencephalomalacia in cattle, 158 159 DMSO. See Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) Dry cow therapy for mastitis in cattle, 32 40 E Enteric diseases of cattle antimicrobial decision making for, 47 60 AST in, 56 58 in calf diarrhea management, 51 52 efficacy of, 52 53 rationale for, 51 52 types of, 53 56 in calf diarrhea prevention, 49 51 described, 48 49 introduction, 47 48 F Firocoxib in cattle, 129 Florfenicol parenteral in IBK management, 70 71 vs. parenteral oxytetracycline, 72 Flunixin meglumine in cattle, 120 124 in castration, 120, 124 in dehorning, 124 in lameness, 124 Foot rot, 88 92. See also acute interdigital necrobacillosis; foot rot; Infectious pododermatitis (IP) Furosemide for polioencephalomalacia in cattle, 158 159 Fusobacterium necrophorum IP related to in vitro susceptibility testing for, 91 92 H Hairy heel wart, 81 88. See also hairy heel wart; Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD)
180 Index I IBK. See Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; pinkeye) Indication bias confounding by bovine disease, 12 Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; pinkeye), 61 79 AST results for, 170 171 evaluation of, 62 66 introduction, 61 62 combination therapies in, 74 long-term recommendations, 75 nonpharmacologic, 73 74 outcome of evaluation of, 75 pharmacologic, 66 73 ceftiofur, parenteral, 71 cloxacillin, topical, 70 described, 66 68 florfenicol, parenteral, 70 71 vs. parenteral oxytetracycline, 72 oxytetracycline, intrapalpebral vs. parenteral, 73 oxytetracycline, parenteral, 70 oxytetracycline, parenteral plus oral vs. subconjunctival penicillin, 72 penicillins, subconjunctival/topical, 68 70 tilmicosin, parenteral/intrapalpebral vs. intrapalpebral oxytetracycline, 71 72 tulathromycin, parenteral, 70 resistance/complications of, 75 surgical, 74 Infectious pododermatitis (IP; foot rot; acute interdigital necrobacillosis), 88 92 described, 88 Fusobacterium necrophorum and in vitro susceptibility testing of, 91 92 systemic therapy in randomized, masked, prospective trials with negative controls for, 88 91 IP. See acute interdigital necrobacillosis; foot rot; Infectious pododermatitis (IP) K Keratoconjunctivitis infectious bovine, 61 79. See also Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; pinkeye) Ketoprofen in cattle, 124 125
Index 181 L Lack of comparison group bovine disease, 12 Lameness a-2adrenergic agonists for, 131 flunixin meglumine for, 124 ketoprofen for, 124 local anesthesia for, 118 120 meloxicam for, 128 129 neuropathic pain analgesics for, 132 salicylic acid derivatives for, 125 Local anesthesia in cattle in castration, 117 118 clinical pharmacology of, 116 120 in dehorning, 118 described, 116 117 in lameness, 118 120 Loss to follow-up bovine disease, 12 13 M Macrolides for mastitis in cattle, 31 32 Magnitude of size effect in comparative efficacy, 2 3 Mannitol for polioencephalomalacia in cattle, 158 159 Mastitis in cattle causes of, 19 20 definitions associated with, 18 19 detection of, 18 19, 17 46 antimicrobial drugs, 21 32 case selection in, 20 21 discussion of, 40 41 dry cow therapy in, 32 40 introduction, 17 18 meloxicam in, 129 Meloxicam in cattle, 127 129 N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in cattle, 131 Metritis in dairy cattle, 139 149 ceftiofur in. See also Ceftiofur, in metritis management in dairy cattle
182 Index Metritis (continued) evaluation of, 140 introduction, 139 140 antibiotics in, 140 145 ceftiofur in, 139 149 described, 139 140 N Nalbuphine in cattle, 130 Necrobacillosis acute interdigital, 88 92. See also acute interdigital necrobacillosis; foot rot; Infectious pododermatitis (IP) Neuropathic pain analgesics in cattle, 132 NMDA receptor antagonists. See N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in cattle, 120 129 carprofen, 126 127 firocoxib, 129 flunixin meglumine, 120 124 ketoprofen, 124 125 meloxicam, 127 129 salicylic acid derivatives, 125 for polioencephalomalacia in cattle, 156 Novobiocin sodium procaine penicillin G and for mastitis in cattle, 39 40 NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) O Opioid analgesics in cattle, 130 Oxytetracycline intrapalpebral vs. parenteral/intrapalbebral tilmicosin in IBK management, 71 72 intrapalpebral vs. parenteral in IBK management, 73 parenteral in IBK management, 70 vs. parenteral florfenicol, 72 parenteral plus oral vs. subconjunctival penicillin in IBK management, 72
Index 183 P P value in comparative efficacy, 3 5 Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD; hairy heel wart) recurrence of, 86 87, 81 88 introduction, 82 randomized, masked, prospective trials with negative controls in, 83 85 site of infection effects on, 87 88 topical milk residues from, 87 Treponema and in humans, 88 Treponema isolates of in vitro susceptibility testing of, 85 86 PDD. See hairy heel wart; Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) Penicillins for mastitis in cattle, 22 27 subconjunctival vs. parenteral plus oral oxytetracycline in IBK management, 72 subconjunctival/topical in IBK management, 68 70 Pinkeye, 61 79. See also Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; pinkeye) Pirlimycin for mastitis in cattle, 31 32 Pododermatitis infectious, 88 92. See also acute interdigital necrobacillosis; foot rot; Infectious pododermatitis (IP) Polioencephalomalacia in cattle, 151 161 introduction, 151 pathophysiology of, 152 154 anti-inflammatory drugs in, 155 158 diuretics in, 158 159 evidence for, 151 161 thiamine in, 154 155 Precision of effect size in comparative efficacy, 3 Procaine penicillin G dihydrostreptomycin and for mastitis in cattle, 39 for mastitis in cattle, 39 novobiocin sodium and for mastitis in cattle, 39 40 S Salicylic acid derivatives in cattle, 125
184 Index Salmonellosis AST results for, 172 173 Sedative-analgesic drugs in cattle, 129 132 a-2adrenergic agonists, 130 131 butorphanol, 130 combination therapy, 132 nalbuphine, 130 NMDA receptor antagonists, 131 opioid analgesics, 130 Subconjunctival penicillins vs. parenteral plus oral oxytetracycline in IBK management, 72 Subconjunctival/topical penicillins in IBK management, 68 70 T Thiamine for polioencephalomalacia in cattle, 154 155 Tilmicosin for BRD AST results of, 169 170 parenteral/intrapalpebral vs. intrapalpebral oxytetracycline in IBK management, 71 72 Tulathromycin parenteral in IBK management, 70 V Validity of clinical experience in evaluation of treatment options for bovine disease, 12 13 of external sources of information about treatment options for bovine diseases factors affecting, 10 11 W Wart(s) hairy heel, 81 88. See also hairy heel wart; Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD)