Appendix IV (contd) AHG-Camelidae /July 2008 Appendix IV A) Viral diseases in camelids SIGNIFICANT DISEASES OF CAMELIDAE = Significant diseases I = for which camelids are potential pathogen carriers = Minor or non-significant diseases Dromedary camels for Camelpox Chapter 2.9.2, Page 1177 Contagious ecthyma TEM IHC Rabies Chapter 2.1.13, Page 304 Preparation of an ELISA kit by Dr Wernery in collaboration with Dr El-Harrak for validation Contact with Dr Albina (CIRAD) for validation on Parapox strains from different animal species with cattle dose I BT, AHS, EHD Chapter 2.5.1 (AHS), Page 823; Chapter 2.1.3 (BT and EHD), Page 158 RVF Chapter 2.1.14, Page 323 Investigation of for virulent strains and serotypes. Investigation of duration of viraemia and duration of viraemia BVD rt- Virus isolation as for other ruminants Chapter 2.4.8, Page 698 in blood and milk West Nile fever Herpes and virus isolation Chapter 2.1.20, Page 377, Virus isolation, Immunofluorescence Chapter 2.5.9 (EHV), Page 894; Chapter 2.4.13 (IBR), Page 752 for the two strains for EHV 1 and 4, and BHV 1 22 Biological Standards Commission/September 2008
Appendix IV (contd) AHG-Camelidae /July 2008 Appendix IV (contd) PPR, RP CCHF FMD, virus isolation Chapter 2.7.11 (PPR) and 2.1.15 (RP), Pages 1036 and 334 Virus isolation** & Virus isolation Chapter 2.1.5, Page 190 NSP & for virulent strains. for PPR. Production of negative and positive sera for reference laboratories ruminant survey Remove dromedary from the OIE list of FMD susceptible animals *need to work in BSL3 level lab security; **need to work in BSL4 level lab security Bactrian camels Camelpox Chapter 2.9.2, Page 1177 Contagious ecthyma TEM IHC Rabies Chapter 2.1.13, Page 304 FMD BT, AHS, EHD Virus isolation Chapter 2.1.5, Page 190 Chapter 2.5.1 (AHS), Page 823; Chapter 2.1.3 (BT and EHD), Page 158 NSP I RVF and virus isolation BVD rt- Virus isolation as for other ruminants -OIE Terrestrial Manual 2008, Chapter 2.4.8, Page 698 for Preparation of an ELISA kit by Dr Wernery in collaboration with Dr El-Harrak for validation Contact with Dr Albina (CIRAD) for validation on Parapox strains from different animal species with cattle dose Recommended test. More investigations needed (blood and milk) for virulent strains and serotypes. duration of viraemia camel and duration of viraemia in blood and milk. camel Biological Standards Commission/September 2008 23
Appendix IV (contd) Appendix IV (contd) AHG-Camelidae /July 2008 West Nile fever Herpes PPR, RP CCHF and Virus isolation Chapter 2.1.20, Page 377, Virus isolation, Immunofluorescence Chapter 2.5.9 (EHV), Page 894; Chapter 2.4.13 (IBR), Page 752, virus isolation Chapter 2.7.11 (PPR) and 2.1.15 (RP), Pages 1036 and 334 Virus isolation** camel for the two strains for EHV 1 and 4, and BHV 1 camel for virulent strains. for PPR. Production of negative and positive sera for reference laboratories ruminant survey New World Camelids BVD Contagious ecthyma rt- Virus isolation as for other ruminants -OIE Terrestrial Manual 2008, Chapter 2.4.8, Page 698 TEM IHC Rabies Chapter 2.1.13, Page 304 Herpes BT, AHS, EHD, Virus isolation, Immunofluorescence Chapter 2.5.9 (EHV), Page 894; Chapter 2.4.13 (IBR), Page 752 Chapter 2.5.1 (AHS), Page 823; Chapter 2.1.3 (BT and EHD), Page 158. I for in blood and milk Contact with Dr Albina (CIRAD) for validation on Parapox strains from different animal species with cattle dose for EHV 1 and 4, and BHV 1 for virulent strains and serotypes duration of viremia RVF and virus isolation 24 Biological Standards Commission/September 2008
Appendix IV (contd) AHG-Camelidae /July 2008 Appendix IV (contd) FMD Equine encephalomyelitis West Nile fever and other flaviviruses Virus isolation Chapter 2.1.5, Page 190 Virus isolation Chapter 2.5.5, Page 858 and Virus isolation Chapter 2.1.20, Page 377 Camelpox Chapter 2.9.2, Page 1177 PPR, RP CCHF, virus isolation Chapter 2.7.11 (PPR) and 2.1.15 (RP), Pages 1036 and 334 Virus isolation** b) Bacterial diseases in camelids NSP CF, HI, PRN different in llama and alpaca small camelid for virulent strains and serotypes. Investigation on duration of viraemia small camelid for the two lineages = Significant diseases I = for which camelids are potential pathogen carriers = Minor or non-significant diseases Dromedary camels Brucellosis (abortus and melitensis) Chapter 2.4.3, Page 624 Tuberculosis Chapter 2.4.7, Page 683 Johne s disease Chapter 2.1.11, Page 276 Anthrax OIE Terrestrial Manual 2008 Chapter 2.1.1, Page 135 CF, RBT, SAT RT test for test for B. abortus and B. melitensis. Tests validation in milk. Specificity and sensitivity evaluation Investigation should be conducted with serological test. Need of further investigation on skin test in blood and milk. and vaccination according to the species (B. abortus or B. melitensis) positive animals after validation of the after validation of the in endemic area Need for field trial Biological Standards Commission/September 2008 25
Appendix IV (contd) Appendix IV (contd) AHG-Camelidae /July 2008 Pyogenic diseases (Caseous lymphadenitis) Pasteurellosis (haemorrhagic scepticaemia) Isolation and typing of bacteria Chapter 2.4.12, Page 739 Salmonellosis Chapter 2.9.9, Page 1267 Colibacillosis Chapter 2.9.11, Page 1294 Plague (Yersiniosis) I serological test for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Controversial data on and aetiology. Investigation on most prevalent biovars. most pathogenic biovars. Development of Isolation of bacteria serological test Leptospirosis Chapter 2.1.9, Page 251 Q fever Chapter 2.1.12, Page 292 Glanders (Melioidosis) Chlamydiosis Chapter 2.5.11, Page 919 Isolation and identification of the agent MAT CF CF most prevalent biovars. in blood and milk. Not yet infected animals Bactrian camels for Brucellosis (abortus and melitensis) Chapter 2.4.3, Page 624 Tuberculosis Chapter 2.4.7, Page 683 Johne s disease Chapter 2.1.11, Page 276 CF, RBT, SAT RT test test for B. abortus and B. melitensis. Tests validation in milk. Specificity and sensitivity evaluation Investigation should be conducted with serological test. Need of further investigation on skin test in blood and milk and vaccination according to the species (B. abortus or B. melitensis) positive animals after validation of the after validation of the 26 Biological Standards Commission/September 2008
Appendix IV (contd) AHG-Camelidae /July 2008 Appendix IV (contd) Anthrax Chapter 2.1.1, Page 135 Pyogenic diseases (Caseous lymphadenitis) Pasteurellosis (haemorrhagic scepticaemia) Isolation and typing of bacteria Chapter 2.4.12, Page 739 Salmonellosis Chapter 2.9.9, Page 1267 Colibacillosis Chapter 2.9.11, Page 1294 Plague (Yersiniosis) in endemic area Need for field trial I serological test for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Controversial data on and aetiology most prevalent biovars. most pathogenic biovars. Development of Isolation of bacteria serological test Leptospirosis Chapter 2.1.9, Page 251 Q fever Chapter 2.1.12, Page 292 Glanders (Meloidosis) Chlamydiosis New World Camelids Chapter 2.5.11, Page 919 Isolation and identification of the agent MAT CF CF most prevalent biovars. in blood and milk. Not yet infected animals for Brucellosis abortus and melitensis Chapter 2.4.3, Page 624 Tuberculosis Chapter 2.4.7, Page 683 CF, RBT, SAT RT test test for B. abortus and B. melitensis. Tests validation in milk. Specificity and sensitivity evaluation Investigation should be conducted with serological test. Need of further investigation on skin test Control for exported animals positive animals after validation of the Biological Standards Commission/September 2008 27
Appendix IV (contd) Appendix IV (contd) AHG-Camelidae /July 2008 Johne s disease Chapter 2.1.11, Page 276 Anthrax Chapter 2.1.1, Page 135 Pyogenic diseases (internal abcesses) Enterotoxaemia Isolation and typing of bacteria Isolation and typing of bacteria Salmonellosis Chapter 2.9.9, Page 1267 Colibacillosis Chapter 2.9.11, Page 1294 Leptospirosis OIE Terrestrial Manual 2008,Chapter 2.1.9, Page 251 Q fever Chapter 2.1.12, Page 292 Pasteurellosis (haemorrhagic scepticaemia) Chlamydiosis Chapter 2.4.12, Page 739 Isolation and identification of the agent in blood and milk after validation of the in endemic area Need for field trial I MAT CF serological test for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ELISA and for toxinotyping. Application to determine dominant types most prevalent biovars most pathogenic biovars. Development of most prevalent biovars, in blood and milk. Controversial data on and aetiology. Investigation on toxoid bacteria Not yet Not yet c) Parasitic diseases in camelids = Significant diseases I = for which camelids are potential pathogen carriers = Minor or non-significant diseases 28 Biological Standards Commission/September 2008
Appendix IV (contd) AHG-Camelidae /July 2008 Appendix IV (contd) Dromedary camels Trypanosomosis Chapter 2.4.8, Page 352 Mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) Hydatidosis Echinococcosis Chapter 2.9.8, Page 1255 Chapter 2.1.4, Page 175 CATT, Indirect ELISA, (Neither ELISA is commercially ) for Preparation of an ELISA kit by Dr Wernery in collaboration with Dr El-Harrak and Dr Bengoumi for validation. Validation of from Morocco for differential diagnosis from other skin diseases (psoroptes, ringworm, etc.) Systematic control for trade. Treatment of positive animal (for example melarsomine) Quarantine and good drug for treatment ELISA ELISA Treatment of the dogs. Development of Ticks Agent identification Cephalopinosis Agent identification Myasis Agent identification Screw-worm Chapter 2.1.10, Page 261 Coccidiosis Agent identification. Development of and Toxoplasmosis Chapter 2.9.10, Page 1284 SAT ELISA Research for new treatment Avermectines Avermectines Research for new treatment and development of Bactrian camels for Trypanosomosis Chapter 2.4.8, Page 352 CATT, Indirect ELISA, (neither ELISA is commercially ) Preparation of an ELISA kit by Dr Wernery in collaboration with Dr El-Harrak and Prof. Bengoumi for validation. Validation of from Morocco Systematic control for trade Treatment of positive animal (for example melarsomine) Biological Standards Commission/September 2008 29
Appendix IV (contd) Appendix IV (contd) AHG-Camelidae /July 2008 Mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) Hydatidosis Echinococcosis Chapter 2.9.8, Page 1255 Chapter 2.1.4, Page 175 for differential diagnosis from other skin diseases (psoroptes, ringworm, etc.) Quarantine and good drug for treatment. ELISA ELISA Treatment of the dogs. Development of Ticks Agent identification Coccidiosis Agent identification. Development of and Cephalopinosis Agent identification New World Camelids Mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) Hydatidosis Echinococcosis Chapter 2.9.8, Page 1255 Chapter 2.1.4, Page 175 for for differential diagnosis from other skin diseases (psoroptes, ringworm, etc.) Research for new treatment and development of Research for new treatment Quarantine and good drug for treatment. ELISA ELISA Treatment of the dogs. Development of Ticks Agent identification Sarcocystosis ELISA ELISA Coccidiosis Agent identification. Development of and Trypanosomosis Chapter 2.4.8, Page 352 Neosporosis IF CATT, Indirect ELISA, ELISA (neither ELISA is commercially ) ELISA Preparation of an ELISA kit by Dr Wernery in collaboration with Dr El-Harrak and Prof. Bengoumi for validation. from Morocco Research for new treatment and development of Systematic control for trade. Treatment of positive animal (for example melarsomine) Evaluation of 30 Biological Standards Commission/September 2008
Appendix IV (contd) AHG-Camelidae /July 2008 Appendix IV (contd) List of Abbreviations: AHS: BT: BVD: CCHF: : CF: CIRAD: EHD: FMD: HI: IHC: MAT: NSP: OIE: PPR: PRN: RBT: rt-: RP: RT: RVF: SAT: TEM: Terrestrial Manual VNT: African horse sickness Bluetongue Bovine viral diarrhoea Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Complement fixation Centre de Coopération Internationale pour la Recherche Agronomique en Développement Epizootic haemorrhagic disease Foot and mouth disease Haemagglutination inhibition Immunohistochemistry Microscopic agglutination test Nonstructural protein World Organisation for Animal Health Peste des petits ruminants Plaque reduction neutralisation Rose-Bengal test Real-time polymerase chain reaction Rinderpest Rapid test Rift Valley fever Sero-agglutination test Transmission electron microscopy Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals Virus neutralisation test Biological Standards Commission/September 2008 31
Appendix IV (contd) Appendix IV (contd) AHG-Camelidae /July 2008 32 Biological Standards Commission/September 2008