Nicholas Schneider, DVM Schneider Veterinary Services, LLC. Milliken, CO

Nicholas Schneider, DVM Schneider Veterinary Services, LLC. Milliken, CO

Pipestone, MN Native Home of Pipestone Systems 2013 UMN CVM Graduate Schneider Veterinary Services, LLC. Solo Veterinary Practice 100% Ambulatory Food Animal Exclusive 95% Dairy 5% Swine, Beef, Other

Same animal but. Recognize the differences!! Different stressors Different expectations Different economics Different systems Different health and disease risks!

1. Digital thermometer 101.5 to 102.5 F is normal swine temperature 2. Syringes and Needles 12 cc syringe and 18 gauge, 1.5 in. needle preferred for adults 1/2 inch needle for small pigs 3. Weigh Tape/Scale Accurate dewormer and antibiotic dosing Average Daily Gain Information 4. Basic Antibiotic (OTC) Penicillin Oxytetracyline 5. +/- Hog Snare or place to exam/treat

Programs very widely: Production type Environment Pigs bought or raised on-site Important to consult with your veterinarian to tailor a protocol for your operation Often involves a visit to your farm The more knowledge in your operation results in a more accurate and economical vaccine program A protocol used in confinement pigs in Indiana or Minnesota may not be the best for YOU!

Gilts (1 st Breeding Weight of 300-350 lbs) Parvovirus/Leptospirosis/Erysipelas Two doses pre-breeding required (4-6 weeks prior to breeding for 1 st dose; 2 nd dose 14 days pre-breeding) Farrowsure Gold (Zoetis) Parvo Shield-L5E (Novartis) Note some Lepto vaccines contain Leptospira bratislava Adds substantial cost, I have no reason to recommend that. Deworm Two weeks before farrowing Ivermectin (1mL/70 lbs IM) E. coli (+/- Clostridium perfringens type C) Especially on summer litters Give two doses, 3 weeks apart, during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy; with one at least 2 weeks before farrowing Litterguard (Zoetis) Only E. coli Litterguard LT-C (Zoetis) (My preference) Adds Clostridium

Sows (if sows not pre-vaccinated; treat like gilts) Parvovirus/Leptospirosis/Erysipelas Booster prior to each breeding Farrowsure Gold (Zoetis) Parvo Shield-L5E (Novartis) Deworm One to two weeks before farrowing Ivermectin (1mL/70 lbs) E. coli (+/- Clostridium perfringens type C) Single dose two weeks before farrowing (if vaccinated twice as a gilt) Same products as sows

Boars are often forgotten! If using natural service, Boars are MOST IMPORTANT pigs on farm! Boars Parvovirus/Leptospirosis/Erysipelas Give twice a year Farrowsure Gold (Zoetis) Parvo Shield-L5E (Novartis) Deworm At least twice a year (more depending on environment) Dectomax (1mL/70 lbs)

Growing pigs Erysipelas (important to booster in outdoor pigs) Give at 2-3 weeks of age. Rhusigen (Merck) Rhinishield TX4 (Novartis; combination product with Atrophic Rhinitis) Circovirus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Give at 3-4 weeks (I recommend a booster 2-3 weeks later) Circumvent PCV M (Merck) Can also mix any combination Circo/Myco products Expensive; some do ½ dose each time to save costs As a veterinarian I cannot tell you to do that, but people do Deworm Week after weaning Dectomax (1 ml per 70 lbs)

PRRS Ileitis (Lawsonia spp) APP (Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia) Haemophilus parasuis PEDv Strep suis

Essential in most backyard swine farms How often depends on worm burden Limited to two basic dewormers at this time Fenbendazole Oral products 3-12 day regiment depending on product Oral products can be difficult because you must ensure all are getting it! Ivermectin (also works against lice and mange!) Injectable If you give injection correctly, the pig received the dewormer Piperazine still out there Not as good against Roundworms Add in water Very inconsistent in outdoor systems

Signs and symptoms 1. Anorexia/not eating The first thing noticed 99% of the time. 2. Lethargic/laying around more than normal Pretty relative for a pig, but owners usually notice 3. Fever (factor in outdoor temp) >103F >102.5F (cold day) 4. Elevated respiratory rate (factor in outdoor temp) More than 25-30/minute and labored

Oftentimes Multifactorial! Disease Nutrition Management/Environment All factors are intertwined!! Management or environmental failures often lead to disease.

Hamp sow is anorexic/lethargic T=104F Rapidly breathing Slow/unwilling to get up Laying in shade

Obvious answer would be. PIG IS SICK! But why??

Sometimes the answer is as easy as an empty water trough. Symptoms can scream disease, but husbandry is the culprit. Note: If this happens to you, don t fill the water tank!! Can cause Salt Toxicity!! Slowly water the ground!!

Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) Mixed infection/rarely a result of a single pathogen Viral PRRS (Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome) SIV (Swine Influenza) PCV2 (Porcine Circovirus) Bacterial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Pasteurella multocida Strep. suis Haemophilus parasuis (most common) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Actinobacillus suis Salmonella choleraesuis Notes from Jim Waddell, 2012

Clinical signs PRDC Typically stress leads to cascade of events resulting in disease Fever Lethargy/anorexia Labored breathing Coughing One pathogen will open the door for another

PRRS Most important swine virus Why biosecurity is so important! Can affect every aspect of production Opens the door for other pathogens!

Treatment with antibiotics Both OTC and Prescription products Consult your veterinarian to develop treatment protocol Try to identify and fix the stressor Early treatment is critical! Determine if an individual or a herd problem Parasites can also open the door in outdoor pigs!

Different diseases based on age of pigs Neonatal is 1-4 weeks old. E.coli Clostridium Coccidiosis PEDv Parasites? Vaccines in sows target this stage diarrhea.

Growing Phase Salmonella Ileitis We do not see as much as commercial barns! Most of our problems are related to feed at this stage! Finishing Phase Salmonella Ileitis Brachyspira Again, rare in small, outdoor swine farms.

This can be the most important question in swine production. When disease introduced, can have long standing herd impacts.

If suspect a herd problem. Call your veterinarian! Encourage them to collect samples Some feel comfortable doing a full necropsy

In my experience in Front Range Colorado: Veterinarian traditionally puts out fires on small swine operations Unfortunately, most situations do not end well by the time we are called Bad situation for all parties My advice is to have your vet more involved in your operation Be able to text or email brief questions Means your vet must understand your operation and goals (Oftentimes means a visit)

Even though we strive to raise pigs in the lowest stress environment possible. Problems can happen. Goal is to feel comfortable diagnosing the problem or contacting someone for help.

Thank you for your attention! Nicholas Schneider, DVM Schneider Veterinary Services, LLC. Milliken, CO nickschneiderdvm@gmail.com