Journal of Gntic and Environmntal Rsourcs Consrvation, 2013,1(1):36-40. www.jgrc.com Distribution of livr and lung hlminthic infctions among slaughtrd animals in Kirkuk abattoir Lama M. Ahmd and Susan A. Rashd Tchnical institut- Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq. Abstract Th aim of this study was to dtrmind th distribution rat of som parasitic hlminths in livr and lung among slaughtrd ruminants and dmonstratd sasonal factor ffct on hlminthic infctions. Across sction study was conductd in domstic ruminant to dtrmin th prvalnc and risk factor of hlminthiasis, a total of 199738 domstic ruminants slaughtrd in Kirkuk abattoirs during 2009-2011. Th study rvald that th ovrall prvalnc of hlminthiasis in domstic ruminant was 5048(2.5%), th spcis lvl prvalnc of hlminthiasis was1379 (10.2%) and 25(6.3%) in cattl and buffalos, in shp and goat 3138(2.3%) and306 (1.6%) rspctivly and lowr rat of th infction in calv was 200(0.5%). Hydatid cyst wr th most prvalnt parasit 3325(1.6%) followd by livr fluks 1242(0.6%) thn lung worms 481(0.2%). Th highst rat of infction with hydatid cyst was in cattl and buffalo 744(5.5%), 9(2.2%) rspctivly followd in shp and goat wr 2174(1.6%) and 219(1.1%). livr fluks invstigation wr highr in cattl and buffalo 436 (3.2%), 9(2.2%) rspctivly thn in shp, goat 718(0.5%) and 64(0.3%), whil lung worms wr highr infction in buffalo and cattl 7(1.7%) and199 (1.4%) followd by shp and goat 246(0.1%) and 23(0.1%) rspctivly. According to sasonal variation th inflctional rat of hlminthiasis in summr was indicatd highr prcntag of hlminths 1468(29%) and in autumn 1385(27.4%) followd by in wintr 1254(24.8%) thn in spring 943 (18.6%). Hydatid cyst showd highly prcntag in summr 1025(30.8%) and autumn889 (26.7%) thn in wintr 818(24.6%) and spring was593 (17.8%). Whil infction rat of livr fluks wr highr in autumn and summr 366(29.4%), 359(28.9%) rspctivly thn in wintr 289(23.2%) in spring 228(18.3%), anothr parasitic typ lung worms wr highr in wintr146 (30.3%) followd by infction in autumn 130(27%) and spring 122(25.3%) thn in summr 84(17.4%). Ky words: Parasit, Sason, Ruminant, Abattoirs, Kirkuk. Introduction Parasitic disas in domstic ruminants wr dirctly ffct in trm of lowr productivity (Syks, 1994) rduc milk, mat. Mor than 90% of th rspondnt xplaind that four to six tims tratmnt was givn against hlminthiasis which costs about 50-60 birr pr animal pr yar, th rasons indicatd by th intrvid popl for th frqunt applications of anthlmintics wr du to animals could not ffctivly rcovr from suspctd infction. During th control and tratmnt of ruminant's hlminthiasis spcis, ag of animal and agrocology should b considrd as potntial risk factors for th occurrnc of th disas (Dagnachw t.al., 2011; Al-Abbasy t.al., 1980). Gographical location and sasonal variation had highly ffct on occurrnc and prcntag of parasitic hlminths among slaughtrd ruminants (Khalil, 2011). Dmostic animals ar commonly ffct with hydatid cyst, cysticrcus, Fasciola hpatica, Dictyocaulus filarial (Amr t.al., 2005) causing considrabl conomic losss in form of mortality and partial or complt condmnation of th carcasss at th slaughtr houss and importanc of th disas particularly in rural whr mor closs association btwn 36
man and domstic animal (Ghandour t.al., 1989; kobir t.al., 2010). Frqunt pathological lsions in th lung, hart, livr, intstin and kidny control of zoonotic disas communicabl from animal to mn undr condition is an important task of vtrinarian (Slifco t.al., 2000; Syks, 1994). hydatid cyst is causd by Echinococcus granulizs which is oftn manifstd by slowly cystic mass mostly in livr and lung and considrd an important public halth and th domstic ruminant ar th major rsrvoir of this disas spcially shp and cattl. Th aim of this study was to dtrmind th distribution rat of som parasitic hlminths in livr and lung among slaughtrd ruminants and dmonstrat sasonal factor ffct on hlminthic infctions. Matrials and Mthods Across sction (rtrospctiv study) was conductd in domstic ruminant to dtrmin th prvalnc and risk factor of hlminthiasis a total of 199738 domstic ruminants slaughtrd in Kirkuk abattoirs (shp 131042, goat 18987, calv35844 cattl13473 and buffalos 392) for priod for thr yars from January 2009 to Dcmbr 2011. Antmortm inspction wr conductd on animal to rcord any signs of disas and abnormalitis, gnral bhavior of animal and nutritional status during postmortm inspction for livr, Lung, hart wr inspctd by visualization, palpation and making systmic incisions whr ncssary for abnormalitis to dtctd prcnt of pathological lsion according to animal spcis to dtct incidnc on hydatid cyst, livr fluks and lung worms. Th diffrnt parasit spcis wr idntifid according to sasonal variation during yar. Rsults and Discussion During th priod of January 2009- Dcmbr 2011 wr199738 domstic ruminants wr xamind in Kirkuk abattoir to th lung and livr of shp 131042, goat 18987, calv 35844 cattl13473 and buffalos 392 wr indicatd Hydatid cyst rcordd highly prcntag was3325(1.6%) followd by livr fluks 1242 (0.6%) thn lung worms 481(0.2%). Hlminths infction in shp 3138(2.3%), in goat 306 (1.6%), calv 156(0.8%), in cattl and buffalos 1379(10), 25(6.3%) rspctivly tabl (1). Th highst rat of infction with hydatid cyst was in cattl and buffalo 744(5.5%), 9(2.2%) rspctivly followd in shp and goat wr 2174(1.6%) and219 (1.1%) thn in calv179 (0.4%). livr fluks invstigation wr highr in cattl and bufflo436 (3.2%), 9(2.2%) rspctivly thn in shp, goat and calv 718(0.5%),64(0.3%) and 15(0.04%) whil lung worm was highr infction in buffalo and cattl 7(1.7%) and 199 (1.4%) followd by shp and goat 246(0.1%) 23(0.1%) and rspctivly and th lowr prcntag was in calv 6 (0.01%) figur (1). Hlminthiasis rat in domstic ruminant was diffr according to sasonal variation, in summr indicat highr prcntag of hlminths 1468(29%) and in autumn 1385(27.4%) followd by in wintr 1254(24.8%) and lowr prcntag showd in spring 943(18.6%) (Tabl 2). Hydatid cyst showd highly prcntag in summr 1025(30.8%) and autumn 889(26.7%) thn in wintr 818(24.6%) and spring was593 (17.8%). Whil infction rat of livr fluk was highr in autumn and summr 366(29.4%), 359(28.9%) rspctivly thn in wintr 289(23.2%) in spring 228(18.3%) anothr parasitic typ lung worm was highr in wintr146 (30.3%) followd by infction in autumn 130(27%) and spring 122(25.3%) thn in summr 84(17.4%) (Figur 2). Hlminthiasis was found prvalnt throughout th yar but with variabl lvls of infction in diffrnt host and sasonal factor. Th study showd hlminthiasis rat was highst in cattl and buffalos 10.2%% and 6.3% than in shp and goat 2.3%and1.6% rspctivly and this might b du to young ag of shp and goat slaughtrd in abattoirs compars to cattl, th lowr prcntag of hlminths infction in calv (0.5%) which might b du to arly ag and lss numbr of calv slaughtrd in Kirkuk abattoirs. Th rat of hydatid cyst in th study was highst in cattl and buffalos (5.5%) and (2.2%) followd by shp (1.6%) and goats (1.1%), whil (Al-Abbasy t.al., 1980) rportd hydatid cyst in shp and goat mor than in cattl and othrs study rcord rsults about abattoirs disas and found th hydatidosis was highst prcntag among othr disas (Syks, 1994) and (kobir t.al., 2010) rcord prvalnc of hydatidosis in livstock 37
slaughtrd was highr in shp compar to cattl and this could rsult in th sprad of this zoonotic infction to th local dogs consquntly human and animal infction with intrmdiat stag may aris. Livr fluks rcord in this study with lowr prcntag 0.6% than hydatid cyst in all slaughtrd ruminants,th lowr rat of intrmdiatd hosts caus lowr prcntag of livr fluks, th highr prcntag of livr fluks wr highr in cattl and buffalos 3.2%, 2.2% than in shp and goat 0.5% and 0.4% and this is agrmnt with (Khalil, 2011) who found livr fluks incidnc in cattl 0.9% was highr than shp 0.6% and goat 0.3% and this diffrnc in th infction rat rlatd to climatic nvironmntal and gographical variation and tim of th study. Th highst rat of lung worm was also in cattl followd by shp and goat, th prsnt findings ar agrmnt with othr (Rinaldi t.al., 2008; kobir t.al., 2010) lung worms infction ffct ngativ in th productivity of animal which caus bronchitis and pnumonia and incras in wintr. Hlminthiasis in th study found during all sasons with variation in rcord rat of infction among domstic ruminant slaughtrd in Kirkuk abattoirs. Hydatid cyst rcord highr prcntag among summr 30.8% followd by autumn 26.7% thn in wintr 24.6%. Livr fluks rcord highr prcntag during autumn and summr 29.4% and 28.5%. Lung worm was apparing highst prcntag at wintr 30.3% during autumn 27%. (Raji and Salami, 2010) dtct that monthly distribution of pathologic lsion was significant diffrnt at spcific priod of th tim rcordd highly prcntag at summr in cattl othrs found significant sasonal diffrnt of crtain disas btwn ruminant animal rcordd highly prcntag at wintr in shp (Daryani t.al., 2006) whil (Khalil, 2011) rcord livr fluks in cattl, shp and goat wr distributd during all sasons with thir rat bing high during autumn and lss prcntag during summr and spring this diffrnc rlatd to sampl siz and priod of study and climatic nvironmntal ffct on growth and distribution of parasit, (Khalil, 2011) rcord lung worms rat bing high during wintr and lss rat during summr in domstic ruminants. Tabl (1): Incidnc of som hlminths infctions among slaughtrd ruminant in Kirkuk abattoir in from 2009-2011. Ruminants No. Hydatid cyst Livr fluks Lung worms Shp Goat Calv Cattl Buffalos 131042 18987 35844 13473 392 199738 2174(1.6%) 219(1.1%) 179(0.4%) 744(5.5%) 9(2.2%) 3325(1.6%) 718(0.5%) 64(0.3%) 15(0.04%) 436(3.2%) 9(2.2%) 1242(0.6%) 246(0.1%) 23(0.1%) 6(0.01%) 199(1.4%) 7(1.7%) 481(0.2%) 3138(2.3%) 306(1.6%) 200(0.5%) 1379(10.2%) 25(6.3%) 5048(2.5%) Tabl (2): Distribution of hlminthiasis according to sasonal variation. Sason Wintr Spring Summr Autumn Hydatid cyst Livr fluks Lung worms 818(24.6%) 289(23.2%) 146(30.3%) 1254(24.8%) 593(17.8%) 228(18.3%) 122(25.3%) 943(18.6%) 1025(30.8%) 359(28.9%) 84(17.4%) 1468(29.5%) 889(26.7%) 366(29.4%) 130(27%) 1385(27.4%) 3325 1242 481 5048 38
n c tio f In f o g ta r c n P hydatd livrfluk lung worm Figur (1) Incidnc of som hlminths infctions among slaughtrd ruminants in Kirkuk abattoir from 2009-2011. 1200 Figur (2) Distribution fo hlmnths according to sasons of yar 1000 800 600 400 200 0 HYDATID CYST LIVER FLUKES LUNG WORMS WINTER 818 289 146 SPRING 593 228 122 SUMMER 1025 359 84 AUTUMN 889 366 130 Figur (2) Distribution of hlminths according to sasons of yar. 39
Conclusions Th highly prcntag of pathologic lsion was obsrvd in cattl and buffalos mor than in shp and goat. Hydatid cyst was th most pathological lsions in slaughtrd ruminants followd by livr fluks thn lung worms. Rgarding th distribution of infction according to sason, it shown that th hlminthic infctions wr distributd during all sason, th hydatid cyst was mostly sn in summr followd by autumn and lss during spring whil livr fluks rcord highst prcntag during autumn and lss during spring finally lung worms mostly appar during wintr and lss during summr. Rcommndations Improv hyginic conditions at th slaughtr houss and quarantin rgulations should b addrss th rgulation and carful inspction of liv animals to avoid th introduction of xotic parasit, furthr studis on th halth conomic importanc of hlminthiasis and activity of anthlmintics should b conductd to control of ths disas. Rfrncs Al-Abbasy, S.N., Altaif K.I., Jalad A.K. and Al- Saquar I.M., 1980. Th prvalnc of hydatid cyst in slaughtrd animal in Iraq. Ann. Trop. Md. Parasitol.,74:185-187. Amr, Z., Rifal L. and Al-Mlhim W., 2005. An abattoir survy of livr and lung hlminthic infctions in local and importd shp in Jordan. Turk. J. Vt. Anim. Sci., 29(1):1-2. Khalil, K.Z., 2011. Prvalnc of livr fluk and lung worm among slaughtrd animal in Al- Najaf abattoir. AL-Qadisiya J. Vt. Md. 10:11-17. Daryani, A., Alai R., Arab R., Sharif M., Dhghan M.H. and Ziai H., 2006. Prvalnc of livr fluks infctions in slaughtrd animals in Ardabil provinc. J. Anim. Vt. Adv., 5: 408-411. Dagnachw, S., Amamut A. and Tmsgn W., 2011. Epidmiology of gastrointstinal hlminthiasis of small ruminants in slctd sits of North Gondar zon, Northwst Ethiopia. Ethiop. Vt. J., 15:57-68. Ghandour, A.M., Tahir M.O. and Shalaby I.M., 1989. Acomparativ study of th prvalnc of som parasitic in animal slaughtrd in Jddah abattoirs. J. King Saudi Arab., 1:87-94. Kobir, H.B., Eliyas M., Hahn A.M. and Miazi O.F., 2010. Prvalnc of zoonotic parasitic disas of domstic animals in diffrnt abattoirs of comilla and brahman baria rgion in Bangladsh Univrsity. J. Zool. Rajshahi., 28:21-25. Raji, M.A. and Salami S.O., 2010. Lsions obsrv in slaughtrd cattl in Zaria abattoir. J. clinic. Pathol. fornsic md., 1. 2:9-12, Rinaldi, L., Maurlli M.P., Vnziano V., Capuano F., Prugini A.G., and Cringol S., 2008. Th rol of cattl in th pidmiology in an ndmic ara of southr Italy. Parasitol. Rs., 103:175-179. Slifco, T.R., Smith H.V. and Ros J.B., 2000. Emrging parasit zoonosis associatd with watr and food. Int. J. Parasitol. St. Ptrsburg, USA1988. Syks, A.R., 1994. Parasitism and production in farm ruminant's. Anim. Prod., 59: 155-172. 40